Different Types and Characteristics of Bacteria

there are different kinds and characteristics of bacteria and in this presentation it displays the 6 Major Kingdoms, Three major differences between the 2 bacteria Kingdoms, and Bacteria Kingdom Characteristics

1. Kingdom Archaebactreria &
Eubacteria formally
(Prokaryota & Monera)
Bacteria Ch 18.2
Prokaryotes = no membrane
bound organelles (no nucleus
or mitochondria)

2. 6 Major Kingdoms:
1.Archaebacteria
2.Eubacteria
3.Protista
4.Fungi
5.Planta
6.Animalia
1 cell, prokaryotes
1 cell, eukaryotes &
algae
Multicelled, absorptive
feeders
Muticelled, autotrophs
Muticelled
heterotrophs

3. C. Three major differences between
the 2 bacteria Kingdoms:
(All are prokaryotes & One celled,
Ubiquitous = found everywhere)
Many biochemical differences
Difference cell walls and lipid
membranes
Structure & functions of the of the
archaebacteria are more similar to the
Eukaryotes

4. Bacteria Kingdom Characteristics:
Archaebacteria
Extremists
No free oxygen
Methane producers
Saline habitats
Hot sulfur springs
Eubacteria
Heterotrophs
Parasites
Saprobes
Nitrogen decomp.
Phtotosynthetic
autotrophs
Cyno-blue green
Chemosynthetic

5. IV 1.Penicillin

6. Penicillin mold kills bacteria
“Antibiotic”
Alexander
Fleming in 1928
Inhibits the
growth of
bacteria

7. Macrophage (WBC) engulfs a
bacterium in the immune system:

8. Bacteria Structure:

9. Classified by shape, size,
staining, environment, & color
Cynobacteria & Salmonella
Autotroph Bacteria Flagellated Bacteria

10. Spiral or spirilli)
Spirochete Bacteria
Round = Coccus and Rod = Bacillus

11. Bacilli Tuberculosis Bacteria:

12. Tuberculosis: Bacterial infection

13. IV 3-4Bacteria reproduction:
Sexual
Conjugation
Exchange of
DNA
Variety in
Changing
conditions
Asexual
Binary fission
Mitosis
Replicate
Non-changing
conditions

14. IV 5. Aerobic Bacteria require
oxygen & can make cavities!

15. Anaerobic Bacteria live without oxygen, in
our intestines & may be in polluted waters
E. Coli from
human feces
Helpful in the
intestines
Harmful in
other parts of
the body

16. IV 6. Endospores
Dormant state
No reproduction
Metabolic activity is shut down
Protects bacteria against
hostile environments
“Come back to life” when
favorable

17. Many organisms form spores:

18. V. The 4 main functions of bacteria
1.Nitrogen fixation
2.Recycling of nutrients
3.Food & medicines
4.Bacteria cause diseases

19. Nitrogen wastes are excreted &
cycled by bacteria
Nitrogen in
Plant & animal
protein
Ammonia nitrogen
Is excreted in
urine
Bacteria convert
Ammonia to usable
Nitrate fertilizer

20. Making cheese & yogurt with bacteria

21. Strep bacteria of Rheumatic Fever

22. STD Eubacterium Virus
Syphilis X X
Chlamydeous X X
Gonorrhea X x
Herpes X X
HIV X x
Aids (death) no By common diseases
When the immune system
fails
Cold x
Flu x
Strep throat x

23. ?Life on Mars?

24. This meteorite was probably blasted off of the
surface of the planet Mars about 16 million
years ago by an impact with an asteroid and
travelled through space to the earth, where it
landed on Antarctica about 13,000 years ago.
Some scientists believe that the rod-shaped
structures across the top and center of this
image may be tiny fossilized bacteria. Many
other scientists believe that the structures were
formed by processes other than life.
NASA/Science Source/Photo Researchers, Inc.
"Martian Meteorite ALH84001," Microsoft® Encarta®
Encyclopedia 2000. © 1993-1999 Microsoft Corporation. All rights
reserved.

25. Bacteria cultures:
Inoculate = to place
Agar = culture
medium (nutrients)
One colony (circle)=
billions of bacteria
A colony begins from
one bacterium
Incubate at 37oC=
body temperature
DO NOT OPEN THE
PLATES AFTER
INCUBATION!

26. Bactericide test strip:
Kills germs!
Versus
Bactericide?
Antibiotic?
1.Mouth wash
2.Neosporin
3.Cleaning agents
Plate 1 = control at my desk
2. Your choice 3. Your choice
4. Saliva5. Saliva plus
“Bactericide”

27. Summary Questions:
6. View under higher
magnification with
stains for specific
types of bacteria
7. Classified by
shape:
a. round = cocci
b. rods = bacilli
c. spiral = spirilli

28. Genetic Engineering of Insulin

29. Restriction Enzymes:Made by some Bacteria

30. Warts are a skin virus!

31. Plant peach virus

32. Polio virus

33. Herpes mouth virus:

34. Rabies Virus

35. Hepatitis B virus (Liver)

36. Virus structure:
Protein
Coat
DNA or
RNA for
replication
Adsorb-
tion site
Host
specific

37. HIV virus structure:

38. Cow pox vaccination 1749
Acquired
Immunization
Artificial
injection of a
small amount
of virus
Body’s immune
response
makes
antibodies

39. Chicken Pox Virus

40. Viral Replication:

41. Bacteriophage
Bacteria
“eating” virus
Virus uses the
bacteria as a
host
For Viral
replication

42. Lytic Cycle (Replication) of a
Virus - “AVIRAL”
1.Adsorption of virus
onto the host
2. Insertion of
Virus DNA
into host
cell
3. Replication of
Viral DNA
4. Assembly of
protein coat
5.Lysis of
Host cell
Membrane
& release
Of virus

43. Transduction:
Viral DNA becomes inserted
Into the Bacteria DNA
(1/100,000)

44. HIV Virus

45. HIV virus infects T-cells
HIV virus
Weakens the
immune
system
AIDS patients
die of
“common”
diseases when
T cell (WBC)
count falls

46. AIDS = break down of the immune
system & death due to common
diseases versus death by AIDS virus