different water quality standards

different water quality standards of water

1. university of engineering and technology Peshawar. NAME AMANULLAH REG NO 21PWCIV5761 ROLL NO 113 SECTION T Semester 6th Dept Civil Engineering Presentation of environmental lab Date 26/02/2024

2. Different water quality standards: What is Water quality? Water quality describes the condition of the water, including chemical, physical, and biological characteristics, usually with respect to its suitability for a particular purpose such as drinking Drinking water quality standards: describes the quality parameters set for drinking water. Water may contain many harmful constituents, yet there are no universally recognized and accepted international standards for drinking water. Even where standards do exist, the permitted concentration of individual constituents may vary by as much as ten times from one set of standards to another. Many countries specify standards to be applied in their own country. In Europe, this includes the European Drinking Water Directive and in the United States, the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) establishes standards as required by the Safe Drinking Water Act. China adopted its own drinking water standard GB3838-2002 (Type II) enacted by Ministry of Environmental Protection in 2002. For countries without a legislative or administrative framework for such standards, the World Health Organization publishes guidelines on the standards that should be achieved.

3. Different water quality standards: Range of standard: Drinking water standards include lists of parametric values, and also specify the sampling location, sampling methods, sampling frequency, analytical methods, and laboratory accreditation . In addition, a number of standards documents also require calculation to determine whether a level exceeds the standard, such as taking an average. Some standards give complex, detailed requirements for the statistical treatment of results, temporal and seasonal variations, summation of related parameters, and mathematical treatment of apparently aberrant results. Parametric values: A parametric value in this context is most commonly the concentration of a substance, e.g. 30 mg/L of iron. It may also be a count such as 500 E. coli per litre or a statistical value such as the average concentration of copper is 2 mg/L. Many countries not only specify parametric values that may have health impacts but also specify parametric values for a range of constituents that by themselves are unlikely to have any impact on health. These include colour , turbidity, pH, and the organoleptic (aesthetic) parameters (taste and odour ).

4. Different water quality standards: World Health Organization (WHO) Standards: The WHO establishes global guidelines for drinking water quality with the primary goal of ensuring access to safe and clean drinking water worldwide. These guidelines cover a comprehensive range of parameters such as microbiological contaminants (like bacteria and viruses), chemical contaminants (including heavy metals and pesticides) and physical characteristics. The standards are designed to protect human health by setting limits on potentially harmful substances in drinking water. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Standards (United States): In the United States, the federal legislation controlling drinking water quality is the Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA) which is implemented by EPA, mainly through state or territorial health agencies , In the United States, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is responsible for setting water quality criteria for different water bodies, including rivers, lakes, and coastal waters. The criteria encompass a broad spectrum of pollutants, addressing issues like nutrient levels, pathogens, metals, and organic chemicals. These standards aim to maintain and improve the quality of surface waters to support ecosystems and protect public health.

5. Different water quality standards: China National Standards for Drinking Water Quality: China has established national standards for drinking water quality, addressing various pollutants such as bacteria, heavy metals, and organic compounds. These standards aim to guarantee the safety and quality of drinking water across the country, considering the unique environmental and demographic factors in China. China adopted its own drinking water standard GB3838-2002 (Type II) enacted by Ministry of Environmental Protection in 2002 European Union (EU) Standards : The European Union (EU) has established directives and regulations to manage water quality. The Water Framework Directive is a key framework that sets environmental objectives for water bodies within EU member states. The focus is on achieving and maintaining good ecological status, emphasizing sustainable water management and protection of aquatic ecosystems.

6. Australia standards : Drinking water quality standards in Australia have been developed by the Australian Government National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) in the form of the Australian Drinking Water Guidelines. These guidelines provide contaminant limits (pathogen, aesthetic, organic, inorganic, and radiological) as well as guidance on applying limits for the management of drinking water in Australian drinking water treatment and distribution Aim : The guidelines for water quality assessment in Australia and New Zealand aim to provide a comprehensive framework for managing and protecting water quality. By addressing various parameters, the guidelines support the sustainable use of water resources for drinking water supply, agriculture, industry, and recreational purposes. Indian Standards for Drinking Water (Bureau of Indian Standards): In India, the Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) sets standards for drinking water quality. These standards cover microbiological quality, chemical contaminants, and toxic substances. The aim is to ensure the provision of safe and clean drinking water for the population, addressing specific challenges and concerns relevant to the Indian context .

7. Different water quality standards: WHO Guidelines for Recreational Water Quality: In addition to drinking water guidelines, the WHO also provides guidelines for the quality of recreational water. These guidelines focus on water bodies used for swimming and bathing, setting standards to protect individuals from waterborne diseases and hazards associated with recreational water activities. The focus is on preventing waterborne diseases and hazards associated with recreational activities, ensuring the safety and health of individuals engaging in water-based recreation. Each set of standards reflects specific regional or global priorities, addressing unique environmental challenges and considerations while striving to achieve common goals of protecting human health, preserving ecosystems, and ensuring sustainable water management. The focus is on preventing waterborne diseases and hazards associated with recreational activities, ensuring the safety and health of individuals engaging in water-based recreation. Each set of standards reflects specific regional or global priorities, addressing unique environmental challenges and considerations while striving to achieve common goals of protecting human health, preserving ecosystems, and ensuring sustainable water management.

8. Different water quality standards: Parameter Table World Health Organization European Union United States China Canada [15] India (BIS) [16] 1,2-dichloroethane " 3.0 μ g/L 5 μ g/L " " Acrylamide 0.0005 mg/L 0.10 μ g/L TT** " " Aluminium Al 0.9 mg/L 0,2 mg/L no limit listed 0.03 mg/L Antimony Sb 0.02 mg/L 5.0 μ g/L 6.0 μ g/L " 6.00 μ g/L Arsenic As 0.01 mg/L 10 μ g/L 10 μ g/L 50 μ g/L 10.0 μ g/L 0.05 mg/L Barium Ba 1.3 mg/L ns 2 mg/L " 1.00 mg/L Benzene 0.01 mg/L 1.0 μ g/L 5 μ g/L " " Benzo(a)pyrene " 0.010 μ g/L 0.2 μ g/L 0.0028 μ g/L " Beryllium Be " Boron B 2.4 mg/L 1.0 mg/L " " 5.00 mg/L 1.0 mg/L Bromate Br 0.01 mg/L 10 μ g/L 10 μ g/L " " Cadmium Cd 0.003 mg/L 5 μ g/L 5 μ g/L 5 μ g/L 5.00 μ g/L 0.01 mg/L Calcium Ca 200 mg/L 75 mg/L Chromium Cr 0.05 mg/L 50 μ g/L 0.1 mg/L 50 μ g/L (Cr6) 0.050 mg/L 0.05 mg/L Cobalt Co " Copper Cu 2 mg/L 2.0 mg/L 1.3 mg/L* 1 mg/L 1.00 mg/L 0.05 mg/L Cyanide CN " 50 μ g/L 0.2 mg/L 50 μ g/L " 0.05 mg/L

9. Different water quality standards: Epichlorohydrin " 0.10 μ g/L TT** " " Fluoride F 1.5 mg/L 1.5 mg/L 4 mg/L 1 mg/L " 1.0 mg/L Gold Au no limit listed hardness CaCO3 0–75 mg/L = soft 300 mg/L Iron Fe 0,2 mg/L 0.300 mg/L 0.3 mg/L Lanthanum La no limit listed Lead Pb 0.01 mg/L 10 μ g/L 15 μ g/L* 10 μ g/L 10.0 μ g/L 0.05 mg/L Magnesium Mg 50.0 mg/L 30 mg/L Manganese Mn 0.08 mg/L 0, 05 mg/L 0.050 mg/L 0.1 mg/L Mercury Hg 0.006 mg/L 1 μ g/L 2 μ g/L 0.05 μ g/L 1.00 μ g/L 0.001 mg/L Molybdenum Mo no limit listed Nickel Ni 0.07 mg/L 20 μ g/L " " no limit listed Nitrate 50 mg/L 50 mg/L 10 mg/L (as N) 10 mg/L (as N) " 45 mg/L Nitrite 3 mg/L 0.50 mg/L 1 mg/L (as N) " " Pesticides (total) " 0.50 μ g/L " " " Absent Pesticides (individual) " 0.10 μ g/L " " "

10. pH 6.5 to 8.5 6.5 to 8.5 Phosphorus P no limit listed Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons " 0.10 μ g/L " " " Potassium K no limit listed Scandium Sc no limit listed Selenium Se 0.04 mg/L 10 μ g/L 50 μ g/L 10 μ g/L 10.0 μ g/L 0.01 mg/L Silicon Si no limit listed Silver Ag 0.1 mg/L 0.050 mg/L Sodium Na 200 mg/L Strontium Sr no limit listed Tetrachloroethene and trichloroethene 40 μ g/L 10 μ g/L " " " Tin Sn no limit listed Titanium Ti no limit listed Tungsten W no limit listed Uranium U 0.03 mg/L 0.10 mg/L Vanadium V no limit listed Zinc Zn 5.00 mg/L 5.0 mg/L vinyl chloride 0.50 μ g/L chlorides Cl 250 mg/L 250 mg/L electrical conductivity 2500 μS/cm at 20 °C Total dissolved solids <1000 ppm Sulphate 200 mg/L

11. Different water quality standards: reference ^   "European Drinking Water Directive" . Directorate-General for Environment. Brussels: European Commission. ^  Jump up to: a   b   "Environmental quality standards for surface water" . Archived from  the original  on 2018-08-03. Retrieved 2013-02-11. ^  Guidelines for Drinking-water Quality, Fourth Edition; World Health Organization; 2022 ^   What is the purpose of drinking water quality guidelines/regulations? . Canada: Safe Drinking Water Foundation.   Pdf.   Archived  2011-10-06 at the  Wayback Machine ^   "Summary of the Safe Drinking Water Act" . Washington, D.C.: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). 2022-09-12. ^  Jump up to: a   b   Nowicki, Saskia; Birhanu , Behailu ; Tanui , Florence; Sule , May N.; Charles, Katrina; Olago , Daniel; Kebede, Seifu (2023).  "Water chemistry poses health risks as reliance on groundwater increases: A systematic review of hydrogeochemistry research from Ethiopia and Kenya" . Science of the Total Environment.  904 : 166929.  Bibcode : 2023ScTEn.904p6929N .  doi : 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166929 .  PMID   37689199 .                   Text was copied from this source, which is available under a  Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License ^   "Health (Drinking Water) Amendment Act 2007" . drinkingwater.co.nz. Drinking water for New Zealand. 2007. Archived from  the original  on 2012-07-24. Retrieved 2011-08-09.