DIGESTION AND ABSORPTION OF CARBOHYDRATES part 1.pptx

DIGESTION AND ABSORPTION OF CARBOHYDRATES part 1.pptx

1. DIGESTION AND ABSORPTION OF CARBOHYDRATES ,PROTEIN & LIPIDS BY- Dr. VIDYA PANDA 1ST YEAR PGT

2. LACTASE DEFICIENCY Lactase deficiency, also known as lactose intolerance, is a condition where the body lacks the enzyme lactase, which is needed to digest lactose, a sugar found in dairy products. Without enough lactase, lactose remains undigested in the gut, leading to symptoms such as bloating, gas, diarrhea, and abdominal pain after consuming dairy products. Treatment typically involves avoiding lactose-containing foods or taking lactase supplements to aid digestion.

3. HARTNUP DISEASE Hartnup disease is a rare genetic disorder characterized by the body's inability to properly absorb certain amino acids, particularly tryptophan, from the diet. This impaired absorption leads to various symptoms, including skin rashes, neurological problems, and psychiatric symptoms. The condition is caused by mutations in the SLC6A19 gene, which codes for a protein involved in transporting amino acids across cell membranes in the kidneys and intestines. Treatment typically involves managing symptoms through dietary modifications and supplementation with niacin (vitamin B3) and other amino acids. CYSTINURIA Cystinuria is a genetic disorder characterized by the impaired reabsorption of certain amino acids, particularly cystine, in the kidneys. This leads to the formation of cystine kidney stones, which can cause intense pain and may lead to complications such as urinary tract infections and kidney damage if left untreated. Cystinuria is caused by mutations in genes responsible for the transport of cystine and other amino acids in the kidneys. Treatment typically involves a combination of dietary modifications, increased fluid intake, and medications to help dissolve or prevent the formation of kidney stones.

4. CELIAC DISEASE Celiac disease is an autoimmune disorder triggered by the ingestion of gluten, a protein found in wheat, barley, and rye. In individuals with celiac disease, the immune system reacts abnormally to gluten, damaging the lining of the small intestine. This damage impairs the absorption of nutrients, leading to a wide range of symptoms, including abdominal pain, bloating, diarrhea, weight loss, fatigue, and skin rashes. Celiac disease can also cause long-term complications such as malnutrition, osteoporosis, infertility, and an increased risk of certain cancers. The main treatment for celiac disease is strict adherence to a gluten-free diet, which involves avoiding all foods containing wheat, barley, and rye.

5. CELIAC DISEASE Celiac disease is an autoimmune disorder triggered by the ingestion of gluten, a protein found in wheat, barley, and rye. In individuals with celiac disease, the immune system reacts abnormally to gluten, damaging the lining of the small intestine. This damage impairs the absorption of nutrients, leading to a wide range of symptoms, including abdominal pain, bloating, diarrhea, weight loss, fatigue, and skin rashes. Celiac disease can also cause long-term complications such as malnutrition, osteoporosis, infertility, and an increased risk of certain cancers. The main treatment for celiac disease is strict adherence to a gluten-free diet, which involves avoiding all foods containing wheat, barley, and rye.

6. APPLIED ASPECT STEATORRHEA Steatorrhea is a condition when there is increased fat excretion in stools as a result of malabsorption of fats from the small intestine.This occurs due to bile acid deficiency,pancreatic enzyme insufficiency,diseases occuring in small intestine such as giardiasis,tropical sprue and celiac disease. TREATMENT Bile acids are given in bile acid deficiency and dietary restriction of fats