DIPTHERIA.ppt

Diphtheria is a serious infection caused by strains of bacteria called Corynebacterium diphtheriae that make toxin. It can lead to difficulty breathing, heart rhythm problems, and even death. CDC recommends vaccines for infants, children, teens, and adults to prevent diphtheria. Causes and How It Spreads.

1. Diphtheria
Dr. RachanaChoudhary
Department of Microbiology
Shri ShankaracharyaMahavidyalayaJunwani
Bhilai

2. Introduction
It is Caused by Aerobic Gram +ve rods
Cornybacterium diphtheria.
Exotoxin production only if infected by virus
phage infected carrying toxin gene.

3. Gram +ve Bacilli and Colonies

4. Epidemiology
Reservoir Human carriers
Usually asymptomatic
Transmission Respiratory
Skin and fomites rarely
Temporal pattern Winter and spring
Communicability Up to several weeks
without antibiotics

5. Clinical Features
Incubation period 2-5 days
(range, 1-10 days)
May involve any mucous membrane
Classified based on site of infection
Anterior nasal
Pharyngeal
Tonsillar
Laryngeal

6. Anterior Nasal

7. Thick Membrane

8. Pseudo membrane

9. ‘Bull Neck’

10. Skin Lesions

11. Symptoms

12. Diagnosis
Culture
Fluorescent antibody technique
Albert`s staining

13. Culture

14. Fluorescent Antibody Techniques
Figure 18.10a

15. Albert staining

16. Treatment
Penicillin :
Procaine penicillin ( 3 –6 units IM at 12 hourly)
Oral penicillin ( 125 –250 mg units)
Erythromycin ( 25 –30 mg / kg / day ) for 14 days
Three negative cultures at 24 hours
intervals should be obtained before the
patient is declared free of the organism

17. Retention of Penicillin G
Figure 20.7

18. Prevention
Vaccination:Immunisationwithdiphtheria
toxoid,combinedwithtetanusandpertussis
toxoid(DTPvaccine),shouldbegiventoall
childrenattwo,threeandfourmonthsofage.
Thechildisgivenafurtherboostervaccinebefore
leavingschoolandisthenconsideredtobe
protectedforafurther10years(16–18years).

19. Reference
Book Writer
Medical Microbiology P. Chakraverti
Microbiology Dubey and Maheshwari
Immunology Kubey