Disadvantages Of Rail Industry

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1. Disadvantages Of Rail Industry
Choices in regards to transportation mode have significant effects on logistic companies, society,
and infrastructure providers. In most cases, transportation modes that are optimal for the society are
overlooked because of the specific interests of stakeholders. Decisions are made with quick
calculation without considering the underlying assumptions. A typical scenario of such decisions is
the trade–off between road and railroad transportation of freights. Freight transportation has
replaced rail as number one form of transportation to moves from one point to the other. In the early
1900's moving goods by rail was the best way to transport products from a place like New York to
Georgia. Today, motor carriers have proven rail to be inefficient, slow, and less cost effective
(Pazour, Meller & Pohl, 2010). Though motor carriers are more cost effective, transportation by rail
has a number of benefits which are not limited to faster, greener, safer and more efficient way of
transporting heavy loads.
History of Rail Industry
Railroads played a significant role in the development of the United States during the industrial
revolution. The Transcontinental Railroad was formed in 1869 when the tracks of the Union Pacific
Railroad and the Central Pacific Railroad joined. Railways linked cotton regions to the oceanic ports
(Posner, 2008). Most of the farms were located near railways hence facilitating the shipments of
grains, cattle, and hogs to the national as well as international
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3. A Report On The Metro Railproject
Introduction:The metro–railproject is a much talked development project in the country now a days.
After the Padma bridge project it is the most talked and most expensive development project of the
country.The project has been undertaken by the government of Bangladesh to reduce the massive
traffic jam and to make easy the transportation system within the Dhaka city. Dhaka is the one of the
most populated mega city of the world. To provide a better transport facility to its citizen Dhaka has
not that much good transport system to carry the passengers within the city. To ensure the improved,
faster, comfortable and time bound transport system in the Dhaka the government of Bangladesh has
undertaken the metro–rail project.
Overview: The metro rail project which is much known as Dhaka metro was approved by executive
committee of national economic council (ECNEC) in 2012. An act relating to metro rail was passed
in the cabinet in April 2014 (The daily star, 2014). It is a joint venture of GoB, JICA & ADB.
Approximate cost of 22 thousand crore taka will be needed for this project. The route will be 20.1
km long from uttara tp motijheel. There will be 52 overhead station in different places in the route.
56 trains will be in service by 2019. Each train will contain three coaches. More than 60000
thousands of passengers can get services per hour. Each train has capacity of 1800 passengers to
carry. Each passengers can get the services by using a smart card which will be issued by
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5. American Industrialization Essay
Between 1865 and 1920, industrialization caused significant changes in many people's lives. First,
the development of a new railroad system help settle the west and made it more accessible to people.
Second, public transit systems in big cities provided an outlet from congested cities. Last, the
discovery of a method for transmitting electricity helped to light up our daily lives. I feel that these
are three of the most important changes in people's lives caused by industrialization.
First, the building of railroads out west played a huge part in the successful expansion of our country
and the fulfillment of American dreams. Priot to the development of a more efficient railroad
system, the movement of people and freight were ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Through the development of a transcontinental railroad system, the west was settled and many
American dreams were in reach.
Second, the development of new public transit systems, was important in shaping the design of our
cities and the growth of our cities by enabling people to move further away from the inner city.
Early on, large cities had very little and inadequate transportation. Their main source of
transportation were horse drawn wagons and walking. As a result, most people lived or took housing
near downtown, which was where most of the working establishments were located. This made the
big cities very congested. However with the breakthrough of the "el", electric streetcars, and
subways, around 1867, cities began to open up more. Those who were fortunate enough to move out
of the slums and into better surrounding neighborhoods, did so. The more affluent of the white–
collar classes moved into the suburban areas. In contrast, many of the very wealthy continued to live
in city mansions. The new transit systems in most cities allowed people to escape the chaos of urban
life and provided potential for growth of our cities.
Last, Thomas Edison's discovery of electricity and a method of transmitting it, was significant in
many ways. Due to this discovery, businesses could operate around the clock. We were no longer
limited to the
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7. Railroad Car Advantages And Disadvantages
STRENGTHS
Competitive advantage. The concept of hauling over a hundred railcars with as little as two crew
members allows for a distinct advantage over the trucking industry with regards to fuel and labor
costs.
Space. A large quantity of railcars can be stored in a small area due to track design and the fact that
cars are coupled together in a straight row.
Maintenance costs. While this can also be a weakness, the longevity of assets is typically more than
in other industries. Locomotives can last for 30–40 years with routine maintenance.
Shared Resources. Although railroads compete for business, they also share assets such as
locomotives, trackage rights, and coordinating the labor workforce.
Less impact by globalization. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
I hired in as a railroad conductor and since a locomotive engineer the past few years. They are the
3rd largest railroad company in the United States behind the Union Pacific and the Burlington
Northern Santa Fe. However, CSX is the largest railroad in the eastern United States just ahead of
the Norfolk Southern. They cover 23 states and part of Canada with approximately 21,000 rail miles
in service (CSX.com, 2018). Currently, the company is in the middle of an operational change with
the installation of railroad legend E. Hunter Harrison who left his position as Chief Executive
Officer to take the same position with CSX at an enormous cost to the company. Mr. Harrison was
hired to bring his "precision scheduled railroad" philosophy that he championed on two previous
railroads. This initially transformed the company by streamlining the management team which
eliminated approximately 1,000 positions. Many other union jobs were done away with as assets
were better utilized, and many railyards and engine service facilities were shut down. Mr. Harrison
passed away after only 9 months on the job due to an undisclosed illness. His successor Jim Foote
was named the new
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9. The Security Of Rail Transportation
The security of rail transportation in the United States Rail Security falls into two categories,
namely, passenger rail and freight rail. Passenger rail together with the mass transit is among the
transportation subsector networks that provide numerous means of transportation from access points
to end destinations connecting to other modes of transportation (Department of Homeland Security,
2007). While Freight railroads are key element of the nation's transportation system that comprises
of over 140,000 miles of track, which passes through thousands of bridges and tunnels, and carries
millions of tons of freight yearly (United States Government Accountability Office, 2009). Freight
and passenger rail infrastructure intertwine and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
However, DOT still retains the "regulatory role with respect to the transportation of hazardous
materials via rail" (United States Government Accountability Office, 2009). Moreover, "The
Transportation Security Administration, the Federal Transit Administration, the Federal Railroad
Administration, and the Federal Emergency Management Agency share responsibilities, programs,
and resource investments to mass transit and passenger rail emergencies" (Department of Homeland
Security Office of Inspector General, 2010). However, the rail transportation subsector is susceptible
to lots of hazards such as terrorist attacks, natural deserters, accidents, sabotage, cyber–attacks, etc.
Some of these will lead to destruction of trains and/or railways themselves, hi–jacking of trains,
breaching railway databases (Major Vulnerabilities to Railway Security, n. d). Passenger travel and
security measures Many people across the United States depend on safe and secure rail systems to
travel from one point to the other, as such security of those travelers must be of utmost priority to
governments at all levels, as well as stakeholders in the rail industry. There are various laws in the
United
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11. Disadvantages Of Public Transport
I. Introduction (Christian Matthew Carbonell)
Everyday people would take different forms of transport simply because of some occasions and
obligations to attend to. Many people prefer using public transportation vehicles because they don't
have the budget to buy their own cars or because no one would accompany them to their destination.
Most people would wake up very early and set their time. Some would record how long and how
fast they should be taking a transport. Recording the time of walking to the transportation terminal,
the amount of time inside, and going to work or school is a good way for a commuter to develop
time management. No one can really predict what may occur when taking a transport. The recorded
time will not be the same as the next time the person would commute, because there would be
unexpected events that could either delay or hasten travel. It is a person's decision whether to keep
going or stop. A common issue in riding a transport is the limited amount of people are allowed to
go inside that transport. Commuters would usually be stressed, because of technical difficulties or
problem. There is a Facebook page called "MRT: Mga kuwento ... Show more content on
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These vehicles may be owned by government entities as public utilities or by private entities for
their own profit. These means of public transport are important to the country's development
because most people need to use mass transport to meet commitments or fulfill obligations like
going to school or work, especially when the places they need to go to are particularly far from
where they live. However, there are many forms of public transport for people to choose from and
not all of them available in a given situation are convenient for the job, so people tend to be choosy
with these modes of transport to
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13. Union Pacific Case Study for Strategic Alternatives Essay...
Union Pacific: A Case Study for Strategic Alternatives PART 1: INTRODUCTION Union Pacific
Railroad Company (UNP) is one of the four major railroad companies that transports a variety of
goods across North America and is an American staple of industriousness and endurance. Union
Pacific with its workforce of 43,000 highly trained people has been in operation since 1862, and its
span of operation stretches from Western to Southern United States and internationally into Western
Canada and Northern Mexico. The American Association of Railroads has classified Union Pacific
as part of the Class I Railroad Group, which consists of seven other railroad companies but Union
Pacific is by far the standout ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
One reason is the high capital investment for the development of railroad infrastructures and
technologies. Consider this, "between 1980 and 2009 Class I railroads spent $460 billion on
infrastructure, equipment maintenance, and upgrades" (Hitt et al. 2011, p. 387). In addition, new
rails and routes must be coordinated and integrated into a complex and congested system that is
owned and operated by well–established companies. Although there is a clear and formidable barrier
into the industry, railroads are not without competition. In addition to the fierce rivalry with the
railroad companies within its strategic group, UNP must also compete with the trucking industry.
Union Pacific and the rail industry saw a surge in business in 2007 compared to other modes of
transportation due to the rising cost of fuel (diesel, jet, and gasoline) and an increase in
environmental awareness. This rise and fall of fuel prices have presented both opportunities and
challenges for UNP. The trucking industry poses a legitimate threat to the rail industry in terms of
freight transportation because of accessibility and logistical versatility. The free–wheeling trucking
industry is not subjected to the heavy regulations that the rail industry must face. Trucks are not
restricted by complicated rail networks and benefit from the use of roads and highways that are
federally and state funded. Whereas UNP and other rail companies must subsidize
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15. What Is Freight Transport System
The North American and European railway systems is freight transportation systems I will be
comparing in this paper. When analyzing the cost structures between the two systems, the results
show that the share of fixed costs in the overall transportation cost is much high in Europe versus
North America. When transporting freight by railway in North America, rail companies look for the
shortest route for each train car while European rail companies devote their focus to the high
utilization and consolidation in each train car. The capacity of each train and how the cost is
structured differs from North America to Europe due to infrastructural and institutional reason.
Many railway networks throughout Europe are currently owned or were owned ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
There are still many challenges that are hindering the future development in globalized trade.
Environmental issues, energy demands and issues in the supply chain field are just a few of these
challenges. An example of the energy issue would be the ongoing fluctuations in energy costs.
Freight and air transportation both depend on petroleum. Typically, the times of higher energy prices
creates a rationalization in the international trade market and the underlying supply chains.
Many the global policies and guidelines in the European Union rest within each member's state. Due
to this, the effectiveness of the European Union guidance relies on the willingness of member states
to adopt the policy. One of the greatest outcomes of the European Union applying and sticking to
their rules was the reduction in custom clearances at a nation's border. Before January 1993, every
truck was stopped at every border for tax clearance, customs check and your usual vehicle
inspection. Overall, they were looking for a way to create a more effective market environment for
goods being transported within Europe. The European Union served as an important forum for
creating a benchmark on policies on open and competitive markets throughout Europe.
Every day in the United States many airplanes, trains, trucks and barges move on or over our
highway system, railways and waterways. Over the year's underinvestment and not planning has
resulted in challenges to which our
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17. Eisenhower Interstate Highway Industry
Questions: – Explain the structures of the road and rail cargo industries and the current issues facing
the industries. Answer: One of the significant issue is the making of new advancements. Interests in
new advancements hold the guarantee of extra changes in efficiency and security. Two of the most
critical open doors accessible today are Positive Train Control (PTC) and Electronically Controlled
Pneumatic (ECP) brakes. The business and Federal Railroad Administration (FRA) have examined
each broadly. With PTC, upgraded interchanges and continuous data diminish degrees of progress
and enhance train rates and security. The data gave by PTC will allow more compelling
administration of train developments over the influenced framework. These ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
(n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.history.com/topics/interstate–highway–system The 1980 Motor
Carrier Act significantly diminished controls over section into the regular and contract transporter
fields, and gifts of power got to be less demanding to acquire notwithstanding for a current private
engine bearer . Retrieved from: (Coyle, Novack, Gibson, Bardi, 2011, p432) Reference: Coyle, J. J.,
Novack, R. A., Gibson, B. J., & Bardi, E. J. (2011). Transportation: A supply chain perspective.
Mason, OH: South–Western Cengage
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19. Icd Dadri Visit
Devender Singh
IIFT MBA (PT) 2010–13; Roll No. 20
Devender Singh
IIFT MBA (PT) 2010–13; Roll No. 20
CONCOR: ICD, DADRI PORT VISIT REPORT Introduction |
ICD Dadri ( Inland Container Depot Dari ) was set up in 2004 to facilitate the inland transportation
.It is the second largest ICD of CONCOR located at Greater Noida (UP)near Dadri railway station.
ICD Dadri is fully functional and caters to both EXIM (Export/Import) & Domestic cargo. The
Container Corporation of India (Concor) operates the country's largest inland container depot (ICD)
at Dadri in Uttar Pradesh. Concor is a Railway PSU. The Dadri ICD has been designed to handle 1
million TEUs (twenty feet equivalent units) of containerised cargo. It has the capacity of 4 lakh ...
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It has rail yard with four full length rail tracks. One of the salient features that Dadri has is 'On
terminal Maintenance facilities' for wagons and equipment, which not only makes it a complete
operational terminal with maintenance facilities but also helps in achieving operational efficiencies.
It has rail yard with four full length racks which are around 650 metres in length. It has 38 BLC
rakes to cater to the Export–Import movement and to provide excellent connectivity to the gateway
ports.2000 Sq.m new warehouse and 25,600 Sq.m new HMS yard.
SALIENT FEATURES
* 3, 05,600 sq.mt of Concrete Block paving for rail handling and stacking of containers. * 60,000
Sq.m Bituminous paved area for parking of containers and trucks. * EXIM warehouse of 9,000 sqm
along with Bonding Facility. * Power supply through 33KV line for uninterrupted & reliable
service. In addition complete power back up with 1000 KVA DG sets. * 2000 Sq.m new warehouse
and 25,600 Sq.m new HMS yard. * Full–fledged dedicated customs department. * 4 Joint venture
CFS(s). A unique feature of ICD–Dadri combining the strengths of shipping lines and CONCOR. *
Fully operational CBS branch of Punjab National Bank for smooth functioning of trade and
commerce. * Office space provided in the administrative building to Customs, Bank, trade tax
department and various business associates like shipping lines, CHAs, transporters, Surveyors etc. *
Main facility
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21. Role Of The Railroads Shifted Over Time
The role of the railroads shifted over time. Eight months after the United States entered the First
World War in 1918, President Woodrow Wilson called for the country's railroads to be nationalized
to mean the demands of the war. He did so under the Federal Possession and Control Act. As part of
this process, he also decided to have new steam engines and cars designed to boost the abilities of
the rail industry. He also arranged for the Railroad Control Act which took place in 1920. This act
stated that when a peace treaty was signed, within 21 months, the railroads would be returned to
their owners and compensation would be given for use of property. This did occur and the railroads
were returned to private property. Railroads not ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This allows the industry to be better connected and function as a whole to allow for best
productivity, volume, revenue, and rates. Ultimately, the history of the rail industry was build one
person at a time as they discovered and implemented a connection that would advance the industry.
However, there were some key individuals who greatly influenced the process. As previously
mentioned, Colonel John Stevens was an influential individual as he was a spark towards the first
American railroad. Another instrumental individual was James Hill. Hill is known for his expansion
of the railroads. He was a U.S. and Canadian railroad executive. He owned and grew the Great
Northern Railway Company, and he also added additional companies. Jay Gould was another
influential railroad executive. He is best known for his work as a financer and developer of projects
in the rail industry. The influential people are not limited to only rails though. Cornelius Vanderbilt
was known for his part in the shipping industry as a whole. He started out with a steamboat
company, moved into steamships, and then expanded to include railroads. He also implemented the
first service rail between New York and Chicago. In the same way, there are some principal
companies who serve as fundamental pieces of the industry today. These main companies are
referred to as Class 1 Railroads. In order for a railroad to be classified as Class 1 it must have an
operating revenue of $433.2 million or more. There are
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23. Railroad Business During The Last Half Of The 19th Century...
Discuss the development of the railroad business during the last half of the nineteenth century in the
United States and explain how railroad companies manifested the structure and problems of
American corporations during that period. Railroads were the single most important invention in
regards to the industrialization of the United States. The creation of railroads led to the settlement of
the west, faster and more efficient ways to transport products and materials and provided
opportunity for economic growth. Railroads helped settle the west because it provided the
availability of safe and quick travel. With the completion of the Transcontinental railroad people
were able to cross the country in just a weeks time. If you wanted to leave your current life behind,
you no longer had to pack a wagon just buy the train ticket. If they don't like where they've relocated
or there is better economic opportunity else where they can pursue it by purchasing another train
ticket. When train companies started making improvements people deemed it safe enough to travel.
One improvement was adopting a standard gauge for the track so all cars could travel on any rail
line. The companies also began to replace iron track with steel to accommodate for the weight.
Safety inventions such as the automatic coupler, block and signal system and ... Show more content
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The Farmer's Alliance was created to organize farmers and establish a way for farmers to talk to
other individuals to talk about their ideas. By pulling together in a unified effort they forced changes
in the capitol. They had other plans to raise crop prices through withholding products but most
farmers were to far in debt to participate. This movement birthed the Populist party. The Populist
party had many ideas such as the bimetallic standard, graduated income tax, government ownership
of railroads, direct election of senators, one term presidency among other
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25. Background And Background Of BEML Limited
Background and inception of the company:
BEML limited (formerly bharat earth movers limited) was established in May 1964 as a public
sector undertaking for manufacture of rail coaches & spare parts and mining equipment at its
Bangalore complex. The company has partially disinvested and presently government of India owns
54 percent of total equity and rest 46 percent is held by public, financial institutions, foreign
institutional investors, banks and employees.
During the financial year 2008–09, BEML achieved a sales turnover of in rs 3013 cores and a pre–
tax profit of in Rs.387 crores. The export earnings touched In Rs.304 cores. BEML limited
conferred with mini–ratna category–1 status and under the administrative control of ministry of
defence, is a multi–technology company offering high–quality for diverse sectors of economy such
as coal, mining, steel, limestone, power, irrigation, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Mission:
1. Improve the competitiveness through organizational transformation and collaboration / strategic
alliances/ joint venture in technology.
2. Grow profitability by aggressively perusing opportunities in national and international markets.
3. Attract and build people in rewarding and inspiring environment creativity and innovation.
4. Offer technology and cost effective total solutions for enhanced customer's satisfaction.
Objectives:
To achieve around 10% growth in 2016–17.
To maintain State–of–the–art technology for all products.
To provide engineering solutions to customers for enhanced customer satisfaction.
Continuous building of skills and competencies to bring about Executive Effectiveness for
Management Succession.
To diversify and grow.
To improve profitability.
To internationalize operations by enhancing
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27. Sydney Trains Operate A Train Operator Owned By The New...
Introduction
Sydney Trains is a train operator owned by the New South Wales Government and operates all
suburban passenger rail services in Sydney, Australia, maintains the New South Wales Metropolitan
Rail Area, and maintains all but a handful of operational railway stations in the state. Sydney Trains
is a wholly owned subsidiary of the Transport for New South Wales (TfNSW) statutory authority.
The network is a hybrid suburban–commuter railway with a central underground core that serves
178 stations over 815 km of track. The network has 20 hours a day operation with train frequencies
of every three minutes or better in the underground core, 5–10 minutes at most major stations all
day, 15 minutes at most minor stations all day and four trains an hour on the Cumberland Line. On
weekends service is less frequent with headways of upwards of a half hour on outer stations with
frequencies of less than 10 minutes in the underground core. Ticketing is provided by the New
South Wales My Zone and Opal card systems.
Sydney Trains operates quick, frequent and reliable trains in the greater Sydney suburban area
(bounded by Emu Plains; Berowra; Waterfall and Macarthur).
To provide a passenger service between midnight and 05:00 while leaving the tracks clear of trains
for maintenance work, parallel bus services were established in 1989. Night Ride services operate
typically at hourly intervals (some routes depart more frequently on weekends). Night Ride services
are contracted to
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29. Railway Labor Act Essay
Railway Labor Act and Impact on Modern Day Airlines For decades, the railroad industry was in a
period of great economic political, and industrial changes in the United States. The industrial boom
was taking its toll on the United States, and the widespread violent work stoppages were detrimental
to the railroad industry due to tensions escalating between unions and workers. President Calvin
Coolidge was strongly vocal about the issue and urged railroads and unions to recommend
legislation to improve relations and ultimately reduce the threat of any railroad shutdowns. As a
response, railroads and unions immediately drafted legislation, which in hopes would improve labor
and union relations. On May 20, 1029, President Coolidge signed and designated the new law as the
Railway Labor Act of 1926. Coined one of the most significant and longest lasting pieces of
legislation, the Railway Labor Act provides a mechanism through which labor disputes between
railroads and currently airlines, could be handled in a peaceful, non–disruptive manner. The Railway
Labor Act of 1926 is unique unlike other legislations because it ensures no interruption to
commerce, provides an unhindered right of employees to join a labor union, guarantees
independence of an organization to enact the RLA, assists in work rules and working conditions, and
assists in a prompt and orderly settlement of disputes. The Railway Labor Act is certainly different
due to the relationship of labor and management in the
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31. The Pros And Cons Of The American Civil War
Railroads are not nearly as popular in the United States as they are in European countries. Prior to
the American Civil War, railroads were a fairly new, and untried, invention. Compared to carriages
and the other modes of transportation at the time, the railroad was far superior. Due to this
superiority, they were used to transport soldiers, food, and supplies. A systemic railroad began to
spread all across the nation, and both sides of the war used them to their advantage. The railroad
construction started as soon as possible. The Baltimore and Ohio Railroad was founded in 1828 and
its first section of rails was open in 1830. At its peak, The B&O Railroad spread from the east coast
all the way to the Illinois, and was over 5,550 miles long! In 1831, the state of Maryland granted the
B&O Railroad and charter to begin construction of a line connecting Maryland to Washington D.C.
The south, which was mostly a society built on agriculture, was at a huge disadvantage when it
came to railroads. Two–thirds of all the railroads in the nation at the time were in the north. The
southern states couldn't transport anything as easy as the north, and their income mostly relied on
the exportation of their crops. Without this source of income, the Confederacy's economy was
crippled. Arguably, railroads were the reason for the South's eventual defeat. By 1861, "22,000 miles
of track had been laid in the Northern states and 9,500 miles in the South." In the south, there were
cities that
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33. A Brief Note On The Railroad, Trucking And Air Industry
Throughout the development of the United States and its economy, transportation has been the
catalyst as well as sometimes the prohibitor of growth from industry to industry and region to
region. As supply chains have become more globalized, so has the need for a more efficient and
accessible transportation infrastructure within the country to allow greater access to newer markets
overseas. By having such a crucial role in U.S commerce over the years, there has been fluctuations
in the amount of regulation drawn up by the government and enforced by federal agencies and the
courts. In this case, the railroad, trucking and air industry's have reflected the national trends of
regulation and deregulation movements over the last 15 years. Soon after the first transcontinental
railroads were federally subsidized and created in the 1860s, concerns arose over cases of predatory
practices being carried out by certain rail companies. This was made possible in part by the
monopolization taking place within the industry. Jay Gould, a wealthy man at the time who was a
leading developer and speculator of railroads, possessed much control over rail activity. Such
control created challenges for local economies of particular cities like St. Louis. For example, in
1881, Gould controlled Eads Bridge, the main bridge crossing the Mississippi River from Illinois
into the city of St. Louis. Gould charged high tariffs which caused rail companies to re–reroute up
through Chicago, ultimately
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35. Transportation Has A Part Of Human History
Transportation has been a part of human history since the beginning be it walking on foot on a trail
through the forests, ships across the oceans, roads created by the horse or horse and carriage, to the
rail roads that transected the United States to modern roadways. Many advancements on roadways
throughout the years were made as each new form of transportation was improved. Then one day
man could fly and hence another form of transportation made it possible for man to go from place to
place in a fraction of the time compared to car or rail road. Along with these improved modes of
transportation came new and inherent risks like head on collisions in vehicles, planes falling from
the sky, and tunnel collapses in subways. With risk and threat comes the need for security and safety
practices. Cars were made safer and roadways were improved to include guard rails, painted lines,
traffic lights and stop signs. As the population grew so did the need to expand the ability to move
about. Interstates were built, airports were built and subways were now a means of travel in the
urban setting. As technology and the transportations system grew so did the threat and risk of
damage from either natural or manmade disasters. We take for granted every day the roads we travel
believing or thinking that nothing can or will happen to them where we live. So how what would
happen if the transportation system suffered a major attack or damage? Roadways deliver goods by
way of tractor trailers
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37. The Transcontinental Railroad And The Gilded Age
By the middle of the 19th century, the Industrial Revolution was changing the face and culture of the
United States. Demand for raw materials and new inventions was increasing. From 1800–1850,
territories claimed by the United States had grown to stretch from the East Coast to the West Coast.
The spirit of "Manifest Destiny", the California Gold Rush, and the promise of rich new land, ripe
with raw materials and opportunity drew settlers ever westward. Following the invention of the
steam engine, trains were becoming very important to the expansion of civilization and its
infrastructure. Trains and the railroads they ran on soon became the lifeblood of industrialized
economic development across the country. Public and private partnerships were formed with
railroad companies to provide them with vast amounts of investment funding. Within a few decades,
the railroad companies and their transcontinental railroads ushered in the Gilded Age and changed
American society forever. The significance of the transcontinental railroads and the impact they
made is quite profound. The first transcontinental line's construction was chartered by the
government in the Pacific Railroad Act. Construction of the line, which ran between Omaha
Nebraska to Sacramento California, began in 1863 and it was completed in 1869. By 1900, other
transcontinental lines, like the Southern Pacific Railroad and the Great Northern Railway, were in
place and connected by numerous feeder lines, junctions, and
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39. Transportation Systems And The Transportation System
The United States transportation system encompass numerous "interconnected modes of
transportation, including aviation, freight and passenger rail, highway, public transit, and pipelines
and moves billions of passengers and millions of tons of goods every annually" (Government
Accountability Office, 2014). The Transportation Systems Sector consists of seven key subsectors,
or modes: Aviation, Highway Infrastructure and Motor Carrier, Maritime Transportation System,
Mass Transit and Passenger Rail, Pipeline Systems, Freight Rail, and Postal and Shipping
(Department of Homeland Security, n. d). This transportation system is critical for the growth and
prosperity of societies, to the nation's supply chain, and as such is an important national security
asset (Obama, 2012). Good transportation network will help to improve Americans' cost of living
through expansion of business opportunities, keeping jobs here in the United States, making prices
of goods and services cheaper for the American families (The National Economic Council and the
President's Council of Economic Advisers, 2014). Surface transportation consists of the highways,
transit systems, railways, and waterways that comprise the intermodal transportation network in the
United States (American Association of Port Authorities, n. d).
According to the Department of Homeland Security (2010) "Freight Rail consists of seven major
carriers, hundreds of smaller railroads, over 140,000 miles of active railroad, over 1.3
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41. Native American Railroads
The growing industry of travel in the United States can be somewhat attributed to the massive birth
of railroads in the 18th century. Incredibly fast movement of both goods and people along rails has
changed how business plan expansion, where people live, how ideas and knowledge move around
the continent, as well as how people travel for pleasure. This paper details the development of the
locomotive and railroad over the 18th century, describes the societal and economic impact of
railroads, and lists the desires reflected within the United States that led to the advent of railroads.
Railroads found their beginning with the Industrial Revolution, which lasted from about 1760 to
1830. The need for a large scale method of transportation was ... Show more content on
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Travelling by foot or by cart could only take someone so far, and the amount of time necessary to
get there was immense. The railroad also represented a desire for a way to colonize the west, and for
a way that businesses could establish themselves in the far reaches of current day California. The
desire to cover distance was due to the dramatic distance between certain colonies in the 19th
century. A need for connection in order to move goods up and down the coast was steadily growing.
It also served as a way to connect ideas, as now a book made in San Fransisco could make it to
shelves in California a week after its' release (American Experience) Also reflected by railroads was
a desire for a new way for society to experience the world. No longer would it take long amounts of
time to travel to see sites; you could see America from the comfort of your seat aboard your train.
This also gave rise to the pleasure of travel to distant places not previously possible, which may
have had an impact on the desire of our current culture to travel in cars to outlying
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43. Understanding the Purpose of an Organisation and Its...
3HRC
Understanding the purpose of an organisation and its operating environment.
1.1 Describe the purpose and goals of an organisation
Network Rail (NR) own and run the railway infrastructure; the tracks and equipment needed so that
the people who do run the trains – Train Operating Companies (TOCs) / Freight Operating
Companies (FOCs) – can keep their trains going. NR are responsible for maintaining the
infrastructure, signaling, timetabling and providing everything the TOCs and FOCs need to keep an
increasing number of trains moving safely.
NR was a private company and in September 2014 NR was reclassified to the Government's balance
and are now an Arm's Length Body of the Department for Transport. NR operated as a government–
owned ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
FOCs earn revenue from transporting goods. TOCs also get some funding from the Government
which they use to buy train paths. These are called track access charges. We work collaboratively
with the TOCs and FOCs to make sure we provide the best service to our customers. When delays
occur that are Network Rail's responsibility, we have to pay penalties to the TOCs and FOCs. | |
Both Network Rail and the TOCs are regulated by the Office of Rail Regulation (ORR).
They monitor our performance and health and safety standards, and work with the Government to
decide what our income should be. | |
Business to consumers as directly dealing withend user as landside neighbours can call us directly to
complaint and complaint regarding managed station as NR only managed 19 station out of2,953
railway stations in britain.
Who do ur organization trade with – govemennet and businesses – mention it.
Tell us – The type of customer is ur business dealing B2B, B2G, b2c Think about Organistation is
business – –B2B to Nr to toc and foc who sell tickets to the customers to use the tarina as they pay
NR rent.
Who is the custoemr everyone who uses the railway
Who is the customer and describe – genger , age range, social dempograpic , matical status– type of
csutomer business goes for – have 3 factor
If it is a business, what type of business, what industry and what size of business
1.3 analyse how external actors impact on the business activities of an

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46. National Rail Budget Analysis
Each of the above targets have clearly defined targets which need to be achieved in order for
funding to be released. If National Rail or any subsidiary fails to meet these targets as noted in the
funding agreement, the DfT could initiate the necessary measures to remedy the situation, and if
needed, request reimbursement of some of the funding paid. Over the last few years the National
Rail service has seen a shift in public sentiment moving away from traditional funding models
towards a growing prevalence on incentive / performance based budgeting. This change in sentiment
is becoming increasing popular within the UK electorate to ensure that service shortfalls and budget
overruns are being addressed. With respect to the UK Rail ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
This format of new policy proposals will require National Rail to work with partners to identify key
benefits, risks and milestones that will need to be achieved in order to meet certain performance
benchmarks. This process should also include systematic reviews of how National Rail plans to
embrace new policies and procedures required to manage the implementation process, track
progress and inform evaluation. Programmatic and financial reviews will become more transparent
with this quantitative information become a core component of the ongoing CP6 budgetary process,
which will also play an important role how performance information is used to inform the budget
allocation process. The hope of this process would be to achieve a more coordinated strategic
process with stronger linkages to the budget planning and resource allocation process. The new
arrangements involve Finance administration of procedures for identifying and managing reviews,
in co–operation with other departments. The effect of performance information on decision–making
and resource allocation in the budget process is mixed. The outcomes policy has resulted in the
development and reporting of performance information by all agencies in the general government
sector. This offers considerable scope for that
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48. Electric Streetcar Timeline
Electric Streetcar Era 1892–Present Ownership Timeline San Francisco and San Mateo Electric
Railway 1892–1902 Geary Street, Park & Ocean Railway 1878–1912 United Railroads 1901–1912
Market Street Railway Company 1918–1944 San Francisco Municipal Railway (Muni) 1912–
present New electric streetcar technology proved cheaper to build and operate than the cable car, and
capable of climbing all but San Francisco's steepest hills The San Francisco and San Mateo Electric
Railway, the first electrically powered streetcar system in San Francisco began operation in 1892. In
1893 when Leland Stanford died, the Sutter Street Railroad Company was taken over by the
Southern Pacific Railroad. The company was renamed to the Market Street Railway ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
The blocks from Broadway to Green were too steep for electric cars to ascend and descend unaided;
the counterbalance solved the problem. Passengers would transfer from double truck electric cars at
the top of the hill to a single truck car attached to the cable by a plow. When the car reached the
bottom of the hill, it released the plow and ran on to Bay Street. The counterbalance was the only
United Railroads line which directly reached the 1915 Panama Pacific Exposition, held at the
Marina. The 19–Polk came within a block of the eastern entrance. URR had all the single truck cars
rebuilt as Pay as You Enter (PAYE) cars with multiple unit (MU) capability. The cars ran as trains
during the Exposition due to the heavy passenger loads. After the URR had become the Market
Street Railway, the line was extended to Marina Boulevard on August 29, 1925. MSRy needed to
store a weighted dummy car at the Turk and Fillmore car house so there would be a counterbalance
car for the last run of the night. A regular 22 Fillmore car towed it out to the top of the hill. The
attendant attached it to the cable, and it counterbalanced the last car of the night up the hill. The
counterbalance car stayed in the middle of the intersection of Fillmore and Green, marked with a red
lantern, all night. Automobiles often ran into it. In the morning, it counterbalanced the first car
coming down. Then a regular 22 Fillmore car towed it back to the
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50. Bombardier Transportation and the Adtranz Acquisition
Bombardier Transportation and the Adtranz Acquisition Executive
Summary......................................3 Current Situation.......................................4 Team
Structure................................................4 Global Drivers................................................5
Problem................................................5 Analysis....................................................5 Possible
Solutions..........................................6 Solution Recommendation..........................................6
Implementation Issues...........................................7 Time Line................................................8
Bibliography................................................10 Executive Summary Bombardier Transportation had
one main problem which is that there isn't any specific and defined organizational structure. This
situation was particularly a problem with Bombardier Transportation trying to merge with Adtranz.
Establishing the corporate culture is the first step that needed to be taken ... Show more content on
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World wide learning– Adtranz would gain the managerial and corporate structure of Bombardier
Transportation, which could ensure the stability of Adtranz in Bombardier Transportation. Problem
There is no defined organizational structure, corporate culture or strategies in place for the new
conglomerate corporation of Bombardier Transporation and Adtranz. Analysis As a result of Adtranz
changing ownership every couple of years, their facility and staff were a collection of multiple
companies which were located through out the continent. With Adtranz's unstable ownership history,
they did not have enough time to develop a long term corporate culture. Even though Bombardier
Transportation recognized potential in the organizational form of Adtranz, Bombardier
Transportation did not do further research to establish what steps should be taken in order to ensure
which management practices would most likely work and best suit the conglomerate. Strategy for
developing the organizational structure of the new Bombardier Transportation had not been
determined prior to the acquisition which may have revealed further barrier's to Bombardier
Transportation's success. Attitudes and values of the public and the government differ considerably
from country to country. Solution Used Establishing an effective corporate culture for the new
conglomerate is essential to Bombardier Transportation's success. Pierre
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52. The Business Of Mining And Selling Sand And Related...
III. General Background
Since 2011, the Company has been in the business of mining and selling sand and related products.
Primarily, the Company sells a product referred to as "dry silica" which is largely used in oil & gas
operations, particularly in dry casing the wells created through horizontal fracturing ("Fracking")
operations. Secondarily, the Company also sells "washed silica sand" and "fill dirt." Washed silica
sand is generally used as top dressing for sports facilities; particle board; foundry and masonry sand;
and mortar productions. Fill dirt is generally purchased by landscapers and construction contractors.
a. The Refining Process
The Company has its headquarters, and one mine with one pit located in Texas. The Company's
Texas mine is located in the Paluxy sand formation. The Company's Paluxy sand is non–
consolidated and is dug out using excavators and shovels. The Company does not perform any
blasting to extract its sand. All sand is extracted through digging.
Once extracted, the sand is hauled via truck to a primary feeder. Once placed in the primary feeder,
it is slurrified and screened to remove overburden and other oversized non–sand particles. The sand
slurry is then pumped to the onsite washing plant. The washing plant serves 2 functions, washing
and sizing. Once entering the washing plant, sand is rinsed by fresh water. The sand is then placed
into sizing apparatus.
The Company uses both cyclones and hydrosizers for sand sizing. The cyclones
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54. Canadian National Railway : A Part Of The Transportation...
Executive Summary Canadian National Railway is a company that is a part of the transportation rail
industry. It transports a variety of goods around Canada and the United States. After thoroughly
analyzing the annual report for 2015, it is evident that CN is doing well and has been for the past
years. This report includes the historic success of CN, comparison to industry and competing
company and the analysis of the financial statements. These information help understand how its
revenues, profit and overall success is increasing year by year.
Historic Success of CN Railway The Canadian National Railways is a part of the Railway Industry
and it is the most popular and longest system all over North America. It is the only "transcontinental
railway" company that Canada has which crosses the Atlantic Coast in Nova Scotia to the Pacific
Coast in British Columbia. The CN Railway system provides transportation services to coal,
automobiles, grain, beverages, lumber and metal products. They use railway containers which is a
cost–effective method that helps easily transport Canadian and American goods. CN Railway's
profit increases every year due to the vast amount of items it transports and this causes multiple
consumers and businesses to be involved with the CN Railway Company. (Canadian National,
2015).
 June 6th 1919–Canadian National Railway Company was created as a Crown corporation.
 Only transcontinental railway company in Canada. This is an
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56. Federal Highway Administration Case Study
The safety of our nation in all aspects should be our number one priority. When that safety is put
into jeopardy in a careless way, the incident tends to be amplified to a high degree. This is what
happened in researching the Federal Highway Administration along with Trinity Industries and what
they were doing to put the safety of the drivers in the U.S. at risk. The Federal Highway
Administration is an agency in the U.S. Department of Transportation that handles and oversees all
state and local bodies of government in their design and maintenance of the highway system in the
United States. Their main priority is making sure that our nation's roads and highways are the safest
and most advanced in the world. The Federal Highway Administration ... Show more content on
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All of the lies that were covered up just created a trickle–down effect. The truth always comes to
light, so they could have prevented all of this from happening. The massive lawsuit could have also
been prevented, and now they have to shell out an absurd amount of money all because they tried to
take the easy way out to save a dollar. The correct path for the Federal Highway Administration to
pursue then would have been to drop Trinity Industries and find someone else when they got wind
of them saving two dollars per guard rail by shaving off one inch from each of them. The correct
manner for Trinity Industries to have conducted themselves in would have been to not be cheap and
try to save that two dollars. I think them trying to save such little money per guard rail basically was
them putting a price tag on the lives of individuals. From a moral standpoint, you never want to see
someone experience tragedy and for their loved ones to have to go through such a rough
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58. The Wealth and Succes of William Vanderbilt Essay
William Vanderbilt was an American businessman whose wealth was derived from the thriving
railroad industry of the late nineteenth century. He was born in New Brunswick, New Jersey in 1821
and died at age 64 on December 8, 1885. During this time, he led the Lake Shore and Michigan
Southern Railway, the Canada Southern Railway, and the Michigan Central Railroad. He took over
as president for these organizations for his father. His father, Cornelius Vanderbilt, brought the
railroad business to his family. Upon his death, William Vanderbilt was the richest man in the world.
His success can be attributed to his ability to capitalize on the transportation revolution that swept
America years ago, and only remained to expand and grow with the ... Show more content on
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The rails are the single and greatest contributor to his vast fortune, and he saw it as one well
deserved by his family and himself. The wealth should not be stripped from his good hands, as he
saw it, especially considering his notable contributions to charity and the national economy all
around. Vanderbilt expressed the utmost confidence in his own people and his own company. In fact,
he stated in that same interview, "I don't take any stock in this silly nonsense about working for
anybody but our own." The idea of the federal government acquiring the railroads would not appeal
to this attitude nor would it find support in any region of his company. This "support your own" type
of attitude is one that carries well among those who are involved, thus the effort to acquiesce the
railroads from Vanderbilt and his people would no doubt be faced with adversity.
Finally, the idea of establishing a national welfare system for all citizens who fall below a
congressionally defined poverty line would most likely not be supported by Vanderbilt. Logic
dictates that those who have money, tend to try and keep it when it comes to fiscal policy. For the
same reasons that wealthy conservatives of todays' republican party oppose the institution of
national healthcare which raises taxation on the upper one
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60. New Housing Advantages And Disadvantages
WHO BENEFITS? New transport infrastructure creates value and there are many stakeholders who
benefit from well places and designed transport infrastructure. To seek a portion of this newly
created value, you firstly need to identify and beneficiaries. Existing residents – as many studies
have proven, property prices increase once a major new transport infrastructure is announced.
Residents do not need to wait for the infrastructure to be built, as prices have been shown to increase
as early as the initial announcement. Residents all benefit from reduced congestion, faster and more
reliable journey times, improved quality of life. Research showed that Melbourne's City Link had
created increased land value of $30 billion. The Southern Railway in Perth showed that there was an
uplift in value over 5 years by 42% above base value uplift for properties in station precincts. For
every kilometres a dwelling in Brisbane was located in proximity of a ferry terminal there was an
increase of 4% in price. In London research found that property within easy reach of a station was
worth on average 20,000 pounds more than other properties. Another benefit New residents – will
benefit in purchasing a home in a newly developed area, without having to pay premium city prices
with the ability to commute in a reasonable time to the CBD with the creation of a new railway line.
Ongoing benefits will be achieved with new areas providing a much needed economic activity
leading to market
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62. Changes in America's Agriculture From 1865-1900 Essay
Through the period of 1865–1900, America's agriculture underwent a series of changes .Changes
that were a product of influential role that technology, government policy and economic conditions
played. To extend on this idea, changes included the increase on exported goods, do the availability
of products as well as the improved traveling system of rail roads. In the primate stages of these
developing changes, farmers were able to benefit from the product, yet as time passed by,
dissatisfaction grew within them. They no longer benefited from the changes (economy went bad),
and therefore they no longer supported railroads. Moreover they were discontented with the
approach that the government had taken towards the situation. After the civil ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
Moreover, the document also helps visualize the linking of the regions in which national markets
emerged, as well urbanization and industry expansion. To extend on this idea, immigration grew
alongside industry expansion. For more land became accessible for sale, which was an advantage to
those whom jobs (like those building railroads or working in companies near them) called for them
to live near. Although the most convenient way to transport goods was using the railroad, it also
worsened the economic hardship that farmers had, for the prices that they had to pay to export their
goods, were quite elevated. The rates as well as the lack of support from the government angered the
farmers, and lead them to form farmer alliances and the Grange, led by Oliver Hudson Kelly. Most
farmers, such as the prairie farmer in document C, sought state regulation on railroad freight rates
and pleaded the government consider making new law. As a response to this, government passed the
granger laws in Illinois, which protected farmers from being abused or discriminated through the
high tariffs on exporting their goods. This laws were later found unconstitutional by Supreme Court,
and were replaced by the commerce act of 1887.This was not the
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64. A Review And Critique : The Great Transportation...
A Review and Critique: The Great Transportation Conspiracy Name Institution The Great
Transportation Conspiracy According to its slogan "What's good for General Motors is good for the
country", Charlie Wilson, the executive suite of GM, held the company with high regards. It was
almost certain that whatever decision GM was making in the transportation industry, its sole purpose
was to improve the lives of the American citizen. In fact, at a time when the general public was
almost entirely dependent on centrally generated electricity for city transportation, decisions coming
from GM was to be taken with a lot of enthusiasm. Without doubt therefore, the country turned its
transportation policy over to the GM together with its automobile allies. This decision come with its
share of consequences. As it was noted, the centrally generated transportation system was relatively
clean and very efficient. The trackless trolleys as well as electric buses powered by overhead wires
transported the public with ease across the towns. However, with GM taking over, there was a
brewing conspiracy. That was, to destroy the mass transit and convert the public to reliance on
private automobiles, which in fact depended on foreign oil. According to the conspiracy, the GM
along with its close allies maneuvered to create a transportation oligopoly for the internal
combustion engine. Instead of just relying on sales and popularity, they conspired and also broke
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66. The City Of Greater Shepparton
City of Greater Shepparton is situated 191 km away from Melbourne and in Northern Victoria it is a
large city. The population is about 230,000 with major industry, hence providing employment and
service. Therefore agriculture is a favourable and major production area. It is forecasted agriculture
will play a significant role in the development and growth of northern Victoria. Recent years the
region was affected with a range of challenge in drought, flood, and implementation of Murray
Darling Basin Plan. Although the region has faced difficulties there has been continues growth
across all major industries. As it is located in the centrally location, with affordable real estate,
extensive business opportunity. It has been one of the exponentially growing region. An outstanding
opportunity to reform Greater Shepparton into Central Business district (CBD) into a modern, lively
and desirable for everyone to lie. For achieve Greater Shepparton City Council has recommended a
coordinated program of improvements known as the Shepparton CBD Revitalisation Project. The
Shepparton CBD Revitalisation Project has three key infrastructure projects as follows:
1. Vaughan Street and Maud Street Redevelopment There are four sub projects in Vaughan Street
and Maude Street Redevelopment. In December 2013 the first sub–project was completed. It mainly
concentrated on the Vaughan Street – Corio Street to Maude Street Improvements. The other
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68. Research Paper On The Steam Train
Sophie Blecha
1st period
The Steam Train
Railways are one of the fastest ways to travel. From the first steam train in England, to the subways
of New York City, people have been fascinated by the speeds of the " Iron Horse". One of the most
influential forms of rail transportation was the steam train. This train changed the world with its
ability to make rail transportation available to the public, travel at high speeds, and haul heavy
loads.
Though the first public railways were built in England, one of the most significant public railways
was the American Transcontinental Railroad. Before this railroad was built, slower, more
inconvenient forms of transportation had to be used such as horse and wagon. The construction of
this historic railway began in 1863. Workers built westward from the town of Omaha, Nebraska and
at the same time they built eastward from Sacramento, California. The end result was 2,900
kilometers of rails. Before this railroad was built, one would have to take a wagon, horse, or a
combination of shorter railroads and several ships to reach the other side of the country. Where the
builders met working from east and west, both sides of the rails were sealed together with golden
nails on May tenth, 1869 in northern Utah. The point where the two rails met is now a national
monument. The railroad took six years to build. It was the invention of the steam engine that
enabled the development of the railroad.
Steam trains are powered by steam engines, which
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70. American Railroad Outline
American Railroad
Marcus Italo
Period D
U.S History
Dr. Mallon
Italo 1
The American railroad system was the best and only way to get town to town back in the
day. The Railroads created a cost efficient way to move people or supplies, even its earliest days
made moving dirt more efficient than moving by hand or bucket. The Railroads at first were not
the most efficient, but over time they became more useful to the common people. Railroads also
would change the way people were transported, from using carriages drawn by horses, to steam
powered engines taking them farther distances in shorter periods of time. The train would boost
the economy in the United States from how efficient the trains were. Today we still use it as a
means ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In Japan they have the
world's fastest train, this train can reach speeds up to 366 miles per hour. The train has been
named Maglev of the fact that is levitates off the rail using magnets. Lori Aratani states in her
article that America may be getting these kind of trains, "And there is a chance – albeit small –

71. that such maglev technology may come to the East Coast. The Japanese government is all for
building a line that would carry passengers between Washington and New York." This type of
train is way more efficient and better for the environment. That is because the train uses magnet
to move it, not coal or gasoline which emit hazardous chemicals into our environment. Because
it is not on the rail it reduces friction which is why the train can reach such high speeds.
Because the Railroads, transportation has been revolutionized. Because of them the
Union was able to transport troops to where they were most needed, which was much faster than
traveling by foot. Today we have trains that can move up to speeds of 366 miles per hour in
Japan, to large freighter trains that transport many of our goods from the factory to our homes.
9
10
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73. Right Track Research Paper
The Right Track Every affluent nation throughout the world has invested in a high–speed rail
network–with the conspicuous exception of the United States. In Asian countries, such as China and
Japan, an in European countries, such as France and Spain, trains voyage around the country at
velocities over 200 mph–connecting central cities and providing sensible alternative to both air and
automobile travel. Concurrently, the American rail network is restricted to speeds below 150 mph.
The debate whether the United State should invest in high–speed railway systems has become a
long–driven unresolved controversy. According to the InfoBase, the supporters argue that the
availability of high–speed trains will entice commuters out of their cars, ... Show more content on
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7.58% of the annual federal funds seems a lot to be allocated just for establishing a high–speed
railway system; however, constructing a high–speed railway system throughout the United States
would take a couple of decades to accomplish. This means that the cost of constructing a high–speed
railway system would be divided annually for about 20 years, only taking approximately about
0.38% of the annual federal funds collected from taxpayers–a minute percentage invested that would
massively benefit the citizens of the United States in the future. Another argument of the disputants
is that the construction of a high–speed railways system would only benefit a small portion of the
United States population. Their argument could possibly be true when the high–speed railway
system is just newly constructed; however, it is very unlikely to occur. As mentioned above, the
construction of the high–speed railway system would take a couple of decades. The United States
high–speed rail network map of the USHSR webpage shows a chronologically ordered planogram,
from the year 2015–2030, that indicates which areas of the nation would the high–speed railways
will consecutively be constructed. The planogram shows that the association plans to primarily
construct the high–speed railways within the busiest cities of the most densely populated states such
as California, Florida, Texas, New York, etc. This method is desirable because a substantial amount
of people within those
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75. Railroad Industry And Railroad Technology
Railroad Safety in America The railroad industry and railroad technology in the United States has
changed over the years. The railroad industry and railroad technology has helped the men and
women make things safer and faster for people who rely on the railroad. From passenger rail service
to freight service, each one has their ways in using technology for the future. The Federal Railroad
Administration (FRA) is continually working to do better at rail safety on all railroads. Their
mission "is to enable the safe, reliable, and efficient movement of people and goods for a strong
America, now and in the future." 1 Each year, one hundred railway accidents are investigated and
every railway facility is investigated by the FRA. They specialize in different areas on the railroad
that includes: "tracks & structures, railroad operating practices, signal & train control
systems, motive power and equipment, hazardous materials, and highway–rail grade crossings." 2
These are the areas that I will focus on for my essay regarding railroad safety in America. The main
items that any railroad needs to build a stretch of track from one city to another are wooden ties,
spikes, rails, and the ballast (stones). The ballast is laid down first and is smoothed out for the
workers who can then lay down the ties that are spread out from each tie at a distance of two feet. It
is critical to use ballast over the ground foundation. The ballast keeps the rails off the ground and
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77. Passenger And Freight Transportation Systems
Passenger and freight transportation systems have a number of similarities in the investment
evaluation process, with a few significant differences. The table below offers an initial look at the
stakeholders for each and their relative financial interests. As this table illustrates, many of the
stakeholders are similar. However, there are significant differences in the asset providers and those
entities with a direct financial interest. This variance drives major differences in the evaluation of
investment in projects in either area, freight or passenger transportation. In freight operations, most
often the assets are provided by private firms with a direct interest in the operation of freight
transportation services on the asset. In most passenger transportation systems, the asset provider is a
public entity, such as a transit authority. For purposes of the asset provider financial discussion
relative to investment, there is a cost and benefit analysis that always takes place. These elements
are generally described as, for cost elements, facility capital costs (dictated by site location and
design, as well as the partners involved in the planning process), facility maintenance costs (ongoing
costs of maintaining a facility to ensure safe operations and upkeep), and operating costs (such as
labor costs, fuel costs, equipment costs, and the time lost to congestion or to the breakdown of
efficient supply chains). Regarding benefits, other impact factors include capacity
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