Disaster disaster management during emer

Disaster

1. Disaster Management -Ms. Payal Thakor Sy gnm Roll no-35

2. Content Definition of disaster Principles of disaster Types of disaster Cycle of disaster management Triage system of disaster management Roles and responsibilities of nurse in disaster management

3. Disaster Disaster means a catastrophe, mishap, calamity or grave occurrence in any area arising from natural or man made causes.

4. Definition “A disaster can be defined as any occurrence that cause damage, ecological disruption ,loss of human life, deterioration of health and health services on a scale, sufficient to warrant an extraordinary response from outside the affected community or area” -WHO

5. Definitions “A disaster can be defined as an occurrence either nature or manmade that cause human suffering and creates human needs that victims cannot alleviate without assistance.” -American Red Cross

6. Disaster nursing “Disaster nursing is nursing practiced in a situation where professional supplies , equipment, physical facilities and utilities are limited or not available.”

7. Principles of Disaster Management There are 8 fundamental principal that should be followed by all who have a responsibility for helping the victims of a disaster. It is critical that rescue workers use these principles in proper sequence or they will be ineffective & possibly detrimental a disaster victims.

8. The 8 basic principles are as follows Prevent the occurrence of the disaster whenever possible. Minimize the number of causalities if the disaster cannot be prevented, Prevent further casualties from occurring after the initial impact of the disaster. Rescue the victims. Provide first aid to the injured. Evacuate the injured to medical facilities . Provide definitive medical care. Promote reconstruction of lives.

9. Basic principles of nursing care for disaster victims A – Adaption of skills to situation C – Care For disaster victims C – Continuous awareness of the patients condition T – Teach auxiliary personnel S – Selection of essential care

10. Type of disaster Natural Disaster Cyclone Earthquake Tsunami Landslide Floods Man – made disaster Technology Industrial accidents Security related

11. 1)Natural Disaster They are caused by biological and geological in the natural environment (e.g. Cyclones , earthquake, tsunami , floods, landslides, and volcanic eruptions).

12. Earthquake & Cyclone

13. Flood

14. Volcano & land slide

15. Man – made disaster Transportation accident Industrial accidents Nuclear exploration Fires

16. Types of disaster according to speed of onset Sudden onset : little or no warning ,minimal time to prepare. For example, an earthquake , tsunami , cyclone, volcano, etc. Slow onset : adverse event slow to develop; the second level is an emergency; the third level is a disaster. For example, drought , civil strife, epidemic, etc.

17. Disaster , types and effects

18. Disaster effects : Deaths Disability Increase in communicable disease Psychological problems Food shortage Socioeconomic losses Shortages of drugs and medical supplies Environmental disruption

19. Health effects of disaster: Accidents & trauma , loss of life & disposal of dead bodies. Outbreaks of diarrhea , cholera , hepatitis A & E , meningitis ,respiratory infections as a consequence of contamination of drinking water & breakdown of water supply system & large scale aggregation of people with hygiene & environment conditions. Vector – bone diseases like malaria, dengue, Japanese encephalitis are common aftermath of floods & heavy rains. Plague outbreak occurred after earthquake Problem of malnutrition , psychological trauma, problems of orphans & shelter.

20. Disaster cycle

21. Components of disaster preparedness Assessing vulnerability Planning Institutional framework Information systems Resource base Public education and training Warning systems

22. Disaster response Actions carried out in a disaster situation with the objective to save lives , alleviate suffering and rescue economic losses. Disaster responses includes the implementations of disaster preparedness plans and procedures.

23. Rehabilitation phase Water supply Food safety Basic sanitation and personal hygiene Housing

24. Triage Triage consists of rapidly classifying the injured on the basis of the severity of their injuries & the likelihood of their survival with prompt medical intervention. Although different triage systems have been adopted & are still in sue in some countries , the most common classification uses the internationally accepted four colors code system.

25. Triage Red indicates high priority treatment or transfer, Yellow signals medium priority, Green indicates ambulatory patients & Black for dead patients .

26. Triage stage Immediate or high priority(T1) Urgent(T2) Delayed minimal or ambulatory patients(T3) Expectant or least priority(T4)

27. tagging All patients should be identified with tags stating their name , age , place of origin , triage category , diagnosis & initial treatment.

28. Role of nurse in disaster management D – Disseminate information on the prevention 7 control of Environmental hazards I – Interpret health laws and regulation S – severe yourself of self – survival A – Accepts directions & take orders from an organized S – Serve the best the most T – Teach the meaning of warning signals E – Exercise leadership R – refer to appropriate agencies