Disaster management

prize winner ppt about disaster management and its solution

1. DISASTER MANAGEMENT BY S.K.AJEY SHABHUNAN R.SRIHARI R .SRI KRISHNA VII STD ALPHA SCHOOL,TRICHY

2. DISASTER   “ RARELY ANNOUNCED - NEVER POSTPONED”. “A serious disruption of the functioning of society involving widespread human, material, economic or environmental losses and impacts, which exceeds the ability of the affected society to cope using its own resources.” The term disaster owes its origin to the French word “Desastre” which is a combination of two words ‘des’ meaning bad and ‘ astre ’ meaning star. Thus this term refers to ‘Bad or Evil star’

3. TYPES OF DISASTER NATURAL DISASTERS Earthquake Tsunami Landslide Cyclone Floods & Drought Urban flood MAN MADE DISASTERS Nuclear Leaks Chemical Leaks/Spill over Terrorist Activities Structural Collapse

4. DISASTER MANAGEMENT CYCLE KEY PHASES The total sum of activities, programmes and measures which can be taken up before (pre-disaster ) , during and after a disaster (post-disaster) with the purpose to avoid a disaster, reduce its impact or recover from its losses .

5. DISASTER MANAGEMENT CYCLE PRE-DISASTER Mitigation - Minimizing the effects of disaster. Examples: building codes and zoning ; vulnerability analyses; public education . Preparedness - Planning how to respond . Examples : preparedness plans ; emergency exercises/training; warning systems. DURING Response - Efforts to minimize the hazards created by a disaster. Examples: search and rescue; emergency relief. POST-DISASTER Recovery - Returning the community to normal. Examples: temporary housing; grants; medical care

6. INDIA

7. India’s Vulnerability to Disasters 12% is vulnerable to severe earthquakes. 68% land is vulnerable to drought. 12% land is vulnerable to floods. 8% land is vulnerable to cyclones.

8. EARTHQUAKE Earthquakes are caused by the abrupt release of strain that has built up in the earth's crust. Most zones of maximum earthquake intensity and frequency occur at the boundaries between the moving plates that form the crust of the earth.

9. MITIGATION SEISMIC ISOLATOR Seismic isolation bearings isolate a structure from the ground motion produced by an earthquake. The energy absorption devices are designed to absorb the energy associated with an earthquake.  

10. COST ANALYSIS 7 storey building, total floor area of 44,700m2 Fitted with 135 lead rubber bearings and 132 slider bearings Total construction cost $165 million Cost of all components of the seismic isolation system was around 3% of total construction cost Translates to approximately $110/m 2 (Rs 7350/m 2 ) A pproximately for our home 100 sqm x Rs 7350 = 7,35,000. out of total cost of construction = Rs 25,00,000/- Wellington Regional Hospital

11. 2.Tsunami Tsunami has been derived from a Japanese term Tsu meaning 'harbor' and nami meaning 'waves'. A   tsunami  is a series of waves generated in an ocean or other body of water by a disturbance such as an earthquake, landslide, volcanic eruption, or meteorite impact. Tsunamis range in size from centimetres to over 30 m height. Most tsunamis are less than 3 m in height.

12. MITIGATION : Flared seawalls When waves come up against conventional upright seawalls, the water is pushed up vertically, making overtopping waves. If the seawall is flared on the other hand, the curved shape redirects the waves back toward the sea. On December 26, 2004, Indian Ocean earthquake tsunami crashed against India's south-eastern coastline. However, the former French colonial enclave of Pondicherry escaped unscathed due to a massive stone seawall

13. COST ANALYSIS T he world's largest, sea wall erected a few years ago in Kamaishi (japan)city's harbour at a depth of 63 m (207  ft.), a length of 2 km (1.2 mi) and a cost of $1.5 billion  Total length of coastal area effected tsunami are 360 km (TN) 640 km (AP). Construction cost of 50 % of very worst effected length, height of wall 15 m are $ 90 billion Economic loss in 2004 INDIAN OCEAN TSUNAMI in India $ 15 billion. And loss of life 12,405.

14. 3.Landslide,   A  landslide  is defined as the movement of a mass of rock, debris, or earth down a slope due to gravity . M ain cause of landslides is changes in the groundwater table. Heavy rains, flash floods, melting of snow in warm weather, and the like can cause changes in the groundwater table, thus inducing landslides.

15. MITIGATION : Wire Mesh Netting System   The  wire mesh system  has been applied in the geotechnical field across the world to minimize the geological effects of rock movement due to both man-made and natural phenomenon.

16. Cost analysis   COST OF MESH 12.6 % of land area covered by mountain region in India.so, 3,287,263 square kilometres X 12.6% X 30% Area of land slides X $5= Rs 4,100 crores. LOSS OF ECONOMIC Economic losses and casualties due to landslides are greater than commonly recognized. Annual losses in the United States, Japan, Italy, and India have been estimated at Rs 6,691 crores.

17. 4.Cyclone The word cyclone has been derived from Greek word ' cyclos ' which means ' coiling of snake ‘ A cyclone is formed when a system of winds moving in circular motion closes in toward an area of the sea with low atmospheric pressure .

18. MITIGATION : MONOLITHITIC DOME HOUSE The physical geometry of a building affects its aerodynamic properties and how well it can withstand a storm. The strength is due to the natural strength of the arch, and the insulation is due to the minimal surface area of a spherical section.  It cannot be destroyed by super typhoons, earthquakes, or fires,” said Michael Scott, Philippine Country Manager of Monolithic home builders based in Texas, United States.

19. COST ANALYSIS 1,000-square-foot dome-home will cost about R s 46,66,606/-) compare to conversational home construction cost will be Rs 20,00,000/-) If the cost of a home is divided by its years of useful life, nothing can compare to a Monolithic Dome.

20. 5.Flood and Drought Flood: An overflow of a large amount of water beyond its normal limits, especially over what is normally dry land . Drought: A prolonged period of abnormally low rainfall, leading to a shortage of water.

21. MITIGATION : LINKING RIVER Inter Linking of Rivers (ILR) should be implemented so that the flood damage and drought is eradicated and the lives of Indian farmers are improved.

22. DETAILS OF PROJECT SL.NO NAME OF WATER WAY LOCATION LENGTH IN KM WIDTH IN M DEPTH IN M 1 The Himalayan balancing Waterways Wide canal travelling form West to East at the foot of Himalayan mountain 4500 Km 150 m 10m 2 The Central balancing Waterways Starts in Uttar Pradesh on the Northern side of Vindhya Range and traverses on both sides of the range East and west. 5750 km 200 m 30 m 3 The Southern balancing Waterways Starts form Maharashtra runs down in Andhra and Tamilnadu up to Kanyakumar 4625 km 100 m 10 m

23. ADDITIONAL BENEFIT Drinking Water : 700 million people will get uninterrupted drinking water supply . Transport : We will get a very economical Inland waterway Transport (IWT) system. This will greatly reduce the fuel consumption and pollution Agriculture: The projects will minimize the flood and drought to a very great extent. We will be able to bring in over 150 Million Acres under additional irrigation. Power: We will be able to generate huge amount of hydroelectric power in the order of about 60000 MW, which can be utilized for the development of Industry for transport, for agriculture and domestic purposes and for many other purposes. Income from power generation will be Rs. 60,000 Crores

24. COST ANALYSIS Floods in 4 states lead to economic loss of Rs 19,000 crore in past one year The cost of the project is estimated to be around Rs. 5.35 (in 2003) lakh Crores. The project will take 7 years for completion. Income per year will be Rs. 1,04,000 Crores from Freight Revenue, from irrigation, Power and Water for drinking and industrial use.

25. 6.Urban flood Urban flooding .  Urban flooding  is the inundation of land or property in a built environment, particularly in more densely populated areas, caused by rainfall overwhelming the capacity of drainage systems, such as storm sewers. Chennai flood 2015 is only the latest example of urban flooding.

26. MITIGATION : Flood defence for individual urban home A waterproofing membrane  cover up to ground floor can help prevent water from entering a house. I t is One of the cheapest way . It will safeguard household appliance like TV, fridge etc

27. Cost analysis Rs 25/- per sq ft for a 130 ft x 15 ft = 1950 sq ft x Rs 25 = Rs 48,750 per home. The floods in Chennai 2015 caused an economic loss of $2.2 billion.

28. FOR INFORMATION DISASTERS DIAL TOLL FREE No. 1070 Log on to http://www.ndmindia.nic.in ANDRIOD APP WARNING DISASTER

29. Fun fact

30. Future disaster Major Solar Storm  a variety of eruptions of mass and energy from the  solar  surface.  ASTEROID STRIKES 99942 Apophis   (a asteroid- rocky body )would hit Earth on April 13, 2029 .   III WORLD WAR It may caused for water. And It leads nuclear war

31. conclusion Natural disasters, however powerful and sudden they may be, are not incapable of being guarded against. The modern technology has given enough gadgets to people for forecasting, and lessening if not totally preventing heavy damages inflicted upon by the natural disasters. Only requirement is that people must take interest in getting as much awareness as possible about the safeguard measures and mitigation. Human lives are the most important thing.

32. THANK YOU FOR WATCHING AND CELEBRATE UPCOMING FESTIVALS WITHOUT FIRE ACCIDENT Do's : -   ü   While lighting the crackers, stand at an arm's length, away from the Cracker. ü   Keep buckets of water and blankets ready, in case a fire breaks out. ü   Wear thick cotton clothes while bursting crackers, so as to ensure maximum safety from fire. ü   Wear footwear while lighting Diwali fireworks. ü   Light only one firework at a time and one person should do it. Others should watch from a safe distance .     Don'ts : - û    Don't burn crackers in crowded, congested places, narrow lanes, near sources of fire or inside the house. û    Don't dare to examine un-burst crackers.. leave it!! Light a new cracker. û    Avoid long loose clothes, as they are fast in catching fire. û    Never ignite aerial fireworks (like rockets) if there is any overhead obstruction present like trees and wires. û    Avoid bursting crackers on the roads-it could cause a major road accident.