Disaster Management and Mitigation presentation

DMM

1. What is Disaster “ A disaster can be defined as any occurrence that cause damage, ecological disruption, loss of human life, deterioration of health and health services on a scale, sufficient to warrant an extraordinary response from outside the affected community or area ”. (W.H.O.)  “A disaster can be defined as an occurrence either nature or manmade that causes human suffering and creates human needs that victims cannot alleviate without assistance”. American Red Cross (ARC)

2. Types of D isasters

3. Types Of Disasters   Natural disaster: Natural disaster: Natural disasters, e,g . natural calamities or climatic hazards, like earthquake, flood, cyclone, drought, famine, forest fire, dust storms, sandstorms, landslides, avalanche, volcanic eruptions . Man made disasters: This include technical disasters like dam failure, nuclear accidents, hazardous waste accidents, oil spills and leakages, industrial accidents and due to fire, social disasters like mass-migration, riots etc. Minor disasters involving approximately 25 victims Moderate disasters involving approximately 100 victims Major disasters involving more than 100 victims. Catastrophic disaster when number of injured patients reaches up to 1000 or more.

4. Types of Hazard

5. Types of Hazard

6. 1.Geological Disasters Earthquake Landslides Volcanic eruption Mining

7. Earthquake An earthquake (also known as a quake, tremor or temblor) is the result of a sudden release of energy in the Earth`s crust that creates seismic waves. Earthquakes are recorded with a seismometer, also known as a seismograph. The moment magnitude (or the related and mostly imperceptible and magnitude 7 causing serious damage over large areas. Intensity of shaking is measured on the modified Mercalli scale Management: Most injuries are sustained during impart and, thus, there is the greatest need for emergency care occurring in few hours, when quality and severity of injuries is overwhelmed, wealth facilities at different levels must be adopted.

8. Precautions: Before entering a buildings: Observe the construction of the buildings and be careful for possible hazards, which may occur from weak structure. When entering a damaged buildings: Use a helmet, work in pairs, listen for the possible sounds and keep calling . While moving inside a damaged building: Do not ignite fire, keep close to walls and do not pull anything protecting out from the collapsed structures. People affected need psychological support as they have lost their near and dear ones and property also.

9. Cyclone Cyclone is an area of closed, circular fluid motion rotation in the same direction as the earth. This is usually characterized by inward spiraling winds that rotate counter-clockwise in the Northern Hemisphere and clockwise in the Southern Hemisphere of the Earth. Most large- scale cyclonic circulations are centered on the areas of low atmospheric pressure . The largest –pressure systems are cold-core polar cyclones and extratropical cyclones which lie on the synoptic scale Warm core cyclones such as tropical cyclones, mesocyclones , and polar lows lie within the smaller mesoscale . Subtropical cyclones are of intermediate size. Upper level cyclones can exist without the presence of a low surface, and can pinch off from the base of the tropical upper tropospheric trough during the summer months in the northern hemisphere. Cyclones have also been seen on other planets outside of the Earth, such as Mars and Neptune.

10. Management Warning should be given through proper media . Research should be sent to safe areas. Proper treatment must be done or injuries.

11. Volcanic Eruption A volcanic is an opening, or rupture, in a planet`s surface or crust, which allows hot magma, ash and gases to escape from below the surface. The word `volcano` is derived from the name of Vulcano island of Silicy , which, in turn, was named after Vulcan, the Roman god of fire.

12. Landslides These include wide range of ground movements such as risk falls, deep failure of slopes and shallow debris flows which can occur in off shores , coastal and onshore environment. The main causes are ground water pressure acting to destabilize the slope, loss or absence of vertical vegetative structure, soil nutrients and erosion of toe of a slope by river or ocean waves.

13. Management : Avoid landslide prone area Rescue team should be sent to clear the roads Protect trapped people