DISASTER MANAGEMENT- definition, types, cycleppt

CONTENTS
Definition
Classification
Disaster cycle
- Recovery phase
- Risk reduction phase
Summary
What is Diaster? According to WHO

“Any occurrence that causes
damage, ecological disruption
loss of human life
deterioration of health and health services
on a scale sufficient to warrant an extra ordinary response
from outside the affected community or area.”
Types:
NATURAL DISASTER
MANMADE DISASTER
Natural Disasters

(a) Meteorological Disasters :
Storms, cyclones, hurricanes, tornados, snow storms, heat waves and droughts.

(b) Topological Disasters :
Earthquake, landslides and floods

(c) Biological Disasters :
Epidemics of communicable diseases
Man-made Disasters

(a) Accidents : Transportation accidents, collapse of buildings, dams and other structures, mine disasters and or leak at a chemical plant

(b) Civil disturbances : Riots

(c) Warfare : Nuclear, Biological and terrorism.

(d) Refugees : Forced movements of large number of people usually across the frontiers.
Effects: Injury or Loss of life, emotional stress
Epidemic of communicable diseases
Damage and destruction of property and cash crops, Livelihood.
Disruption to essential services
Damage to national infrastructure, systems and progress
RECOVERY PHASE
Response

Rehabilitation

Reconstruction
Disaster management is a continuous and integrated process of mitigation, preparedness, response, and recovery for both natural and human-made disasters. Its goals are to prevent or reduce risks, prepare for events, effectively respond to them, and recover and rebuild afterward. The process involves a multi-tiered institutional system for planning and implementation at national, state, and local levels.
The four phases of disaster management
Mitigation: Reducing the risk and impact of disasters by implementing measures like building codes, land-use planning, and environmental management. This phase also involves strengthening capacities through training and integrating risk reduction into development plans.
Preparedness: Developing emergency plans, establishing early warning systems, and conducting training and drills for response teams and the community. It also includes the preparation of emergency kits and the documentation of assets to aid in recovery.
Response: Coordinating emergency services during an event, providing immediate assistance like medical care and shelter, and ensuring efficient communication and information dissemination to the public.
Recovery: Restoring essential services, infrastructure, and the community after a disaster. This phase includes long-term rehabilitation and reconstruction efforts.
Key components of the process
Risk Assessment and Planning: Identifying potential hazards, assessing vulnerabilities, and developing plans to address them.
Capacity Building: Training personnel and the public to improve their ability to respond to and recover from disasters.
Coordination: Establishing

1. DISASTER MANAGEMENT
1

2. 
Definition

Classification

Disaster cycle
- Recovery phase
- Risk reduction phase

Summary
2

3. According to WHO

“Any occurrence that causes
damage, ecological disruption
loss of human life
deterioration of health and health services
on a scale sufficient to warrant an extra ordinary response
from outside the affected community or area.”
3

4. NATURAL DISASTER
MANMADE DISASTER
4

5. Natural Disasters
(a) Meteorological Disasters :
Storms, cyclones, hurricanes, tornados, snow
storms, heat waves and droughts.
(b) Topological Disasters :
Earthquake, landslides and floods
(c) Biological Disasters :
Epidemics of communicable diseases
5

6. 6

7. 
Injury or Loss of life, emotional stress

Epidemic of communicable diseases

Damage and destruction of property and cash
crops, Livelihood.

Disruption to essential services

Damage to national infrastructure, systems and
progress
7

8. 

Disaster management can be defined as the
effective organization, direction and utilization
of available counter-disaster resources.

8

9. DISASTER IMPACT
RESPONSE
REHABILITATION
RECONSTRUCTION
PREVENTION
AND
MITIGATION
PREPAREDNESS
DISASTER CYCLE
Risk
Reduction
phase
Recovery
phase
9

10. 10

Disaster Recovery:
the process by which communities and nations
are assisted in returning to their proper level of
functioning following a disaster.

11. 
Response

Rehabilitation

Reconstruction
11

12. 
MANAGEMENT OF THE MASS
CASUALITIES
Immediate action ( first few hours)

RELIEF PHASE
Begins when assistance from outside starts to
reach the disaster area
12

13. Mass casualities: Immediate action -
1.Search and rescue
2.Field care
3.Triage
4.Tagging
5.Identification of dead
13

14. 
SEARCH, RESCUE AND FIRST AID:
Uninjured survivors
14

15. ►Injured persons converged to health facilities.
►All health services redirected to this new priority
►Bed availability and surgical services should be maximized
►Food and shelter provision to be made
►A Centre to respond to inquires from patient’s relatives and
friends
►Priority should be given to victim’s identification and
adequate mortuary space.
15

16. 
“FIRST COME,FIRST TREATED” Is not applicable in
mass emergencies

Patients are sorted according to the seriousness of
their injuries or illness so that treatment priorities can
be properly allocated between them

IT IS DESIGNED TO MAXIMIZE THE NUMBER OF
SURVIVORS.
16

17. PRIORITY COLOUR
HIGH RED
VICTIMS WHOSE IMMEDIATE OR LONG TERM PROGNOSIS IS
DRAMMATICALLY INCREASED BY SIMPLE INTENSIVE CARE
MEDIUM YELLOW
CONDITION IS STABLE FOR THAT MOMENT BUT REQUIRE HOSPITAL
CARE(OBSERVATION)- NOT IN IMMEDIATE DANGER OF DEATH
AMBULATORY GREEN
DEAD OR MORIBUND BLACK
17

18. 18

19. 19

20. 20

21. 
TRIAGE AT SITE

TRANSPORT TO HOSPITAL

TREATMENT AT HOSPITAL
21

22. CARE OF DEAD INCLUDES:
1.Removal of the dead from the disaster site
2.Shifting to the mortuary
3. Identification
4.Reception of bereaved relatives

22

23. 
MANAGEMENT OF THE MASS
CASUALITIES
Immediate action ( first few hours)

RELIEF PHASE
Begins when assistance from outside starts to
reach the disaster area
23

24. 
Immediate supplies includes critical
health supplies

Later supplies include Food, blankets,
clothing, sanitary engineering equipments

LARGE DONATIONS.
24

25. 
Response

Rehabilitation

Reconstruction
25

26. Restoration to pre -disaster condition ( Basic needs)

Water supply

Food safety

Basic sanitation and personal hygiene

Vector control

Care of orphans
26

27. 
Survey of all public water supplies

Restrict access to people and animals

Safe excreta disposal away from the water
source

Prohibit bathing, washing and animal husbandry

Upgrade wells

Estimate the maximum yield

Trucked water to be inspected to determine
fitness
27

28. FOOD SAFETY:

Personal hygiene to be monitored in individuals
involved in food preparation
BASIC SANITATION:

Emergency latrines to be made available.

Washing, cleaning and bathing facities made available
28

29. VECTOR CONTROL:

Control programmes intensified
CARE FOR ORPHANS:

Efforts to locate relatives
OR

Reintegrate in to society through health and social
agencies.

Organizing reliable disease reporting system and
investigation of reports.
29

30. 
Prevention and mitigation

Preparedness
30

31. 
Measures designed either to prevent
hazards from causing emergency

OR
To lessen the likely effects of emergencies

Reducing the vulnerability of the systems for
disaster
31

32. THESE MEASURES INCLUDE:
- Improving structural quality of schools, hospitals
and other public and private buildings
- Ensuring safety of health facilities, water supply,
sewage disposal
- specific measures depends on the type of
disaster to which the area is vulnerable.
32

33. 
Risk assessment and vulnerability Mapping

Regular monitoring for safety standards of
infrastructures like dams, roads, bridges, flyovers,
railway lines, power stations etc – meet the norms and
standards

Environmentally sustainable development

Adapting to the climatic changes
33

34. 34

35. Seismic
Disturbancesupto
Magnitude 4.9
Zone II
Moderate Risk
Quakesupto
Magnitude 6.9
Zone III
High Risk
Quakesupto
Magnitude 7.9
Zone IV
Very High Risk
Quakesof
Magnitude 8and
greater
Zone V
MagnitudeZone
Source: IS 1893 (Part 1) : 2002 (BIS)

Fig: 2.1.6Fig: 2.1.6
35

36. 36

37. 
DEFINED AS:
“A programme of long term development
activities whose goals are to
- strengthen the overall capacity and
capability of a countries
- to manage efficiently all types of emergency
37

38. Preparing a plan of action for an emergency –
depending upon the analysis of hazard
severity and vulnerability
To ensure that appropriate systems,
procedures and resources in place to provide
prompt effective assistance to disaster
victims.
38

39. 
Multi-sectoral involvement

Organize communication, information and
warning systems and ensure coordination

Adopt measures to ensure financial and other
resources are available and can be mobilized
in disaster situation.
39

40. 
Public education programmes

Information sessions with media

Medical preparedness and Mass Casuality
Management training in Govt, Pvt hospitals

Organize disaster simulation exercises
40

41. 41

42. 
Triage and tagging – Colour coded system

Mitigation – Vulnerability mapping and risk
assessment

Preparedness - strengthen the overall
capacity and capability.
42

43. 
Park’s Textbook of Preventive and Social
Medicine, 28
rd
Edition.

Community Medicine with Recent Advances.
A.H Suryakantha. 7
rd
Edition.
43

44. 44