Disaster Management in Nursing

Compiled By: Mr. Ashish Roy

1. M EDICAL SURGICAL -II UNIT NO. XI DISASTER MANAGEMENT IN NURSING COMPILED BY - Mr. Ashish Henjali Roy B.Sc Nursing(Nursing Tutor) Savitri Hospital And Paramedical Institute,Gorakhpur,UttarPradesh.

2. Definition A serious disruption of the functioning of a community or a society causing widespread human , material, economic or environmental losses which exceed the ability of the affected community or society to cope using its own resources.

3. WHO Definition: An occurrence of a severity and magnitude that normally results in death, injuries and property damage that cannot be managed through the routine procedure and resources of government.

4. Emergency management/ disaster management Discipline of dealing with and avoiding risks It is a discipline that involves preparing for disaster before it happens, disaster response(emergency evacuation , quarantine, etc.) as well as supporting and rebuilding society after natural or human made disasters.

5. Cont.… Continuous process by which all individuals, groups and communities, manage hazards in an effort to avoid and ameliorate the impact of disaster resulting from hazards.

6. TYPES OF DISASTERS 1. Natural Earthquake Tsunami Volcanic eruption Snow storm / avalanche Lightning Windstorm Thunderstorm Hailstorm Tornado Cyclone/ Hurricane Asteroid impact Flood Dust-storm Drought

7. Cont.… 2. Human- Influence

8. Cont.…

9. Cont.… 4. Some natural influence Crop disease Insect infestation Forest fire Mangrove decline Coral reef decline Acid rain Ozone depletion

10. Cont.… 5. Human Armed conflict Land mines Major (air, sea, land) traffic accidents Nuclear / chemical accidents Oil spill Water / soil / air pollution Groundwater pollution Electrical power breakdown

11. Phases Of Disaster Management Phase I: Mitigation Attempt to prevent hazards from developing into disasters or to reduce the effect of disaster when they occur. Focuses on long term measures for reducing/eliminating risks Most cost effective Types of mitigation: I. Structural mitigation II. Non-Structural measures

12. Cont.… Mitigation Activities: Identification of risks Catastrophe modeling tools

13. Cont.. Personnel activities in mitigation:

14. Cont … Phase II –Disaster Preparedness Focuses on preparing equipment, procedure Development of volunteer response capability among civilian population Causality prediction

15. Cont.… Phase II Development of emergency plan of action Communication plans with easily understandable terminology Practice of multi-agency co-ordination Proper maintenance and training of emergency services Rehearsal of emergency evacuation plans Development and exercise of emergency preparedness warning system and evacuation plans Stockpiling, inventory and maintenance of supplies

16. Phase III – Disaster response Determined by the level of disaster. Mobilization of emergency services Well rehearsed emergency plan a prerequisite On a personal front it may be evacuation or home confinement.

17. Starts immediately after the immediate threat to life has subsided Aim is to restore the affected area to its previous state Involves rebuilding destroyed property, reemployment and the repair of infrastructure. Implementation of mitigative efforts Phase IV-Recovery Phase

18. DISASTER SERVICES Triage in disaster : Separates those who need rapid medical care to save life or limb. It reduces the burden on the medical facilities It provides for equitable and rational distribution of causalities among the available hospitals.

19. Triage Category: Color Category Priority Color Conditions Immediate 1 R ed Sucking chest wound, airway obstruction Delayed 2 Yellow stable abdominal wounds, soft tissue injuries Minimal 3 Green Upper extremity fracture, small lacerations, Expectant 4 Black Unresponsive patients with penetrating head injury, wound involving multiple sites

20. The Indian scenario National Disaster Management Authority Of India Disaster risk in India: Vulnerable 58.6%landmass prone to earthquakes of moderate to very severe intensity. 40 million hectare (12%of land ) prone to floods and river erosion Of the 7,516 km long coastline,5,700 prone to cyclones, tsunamis 68%cultivable land prone to draught Hilly areas at risk of avalanches and landslides

21. Cont.… Vulnerable to nuclear, biological ,and chemical warfare. Compounded by ever-growing population, vast disparity of income, rapid urbanisation , development within high-risk zones, environment degradation, climate change

22. Disaster management initiatives in India High powered committee(HPC ) First initiative , Aug 1999 under JC Pant Prepared comprehensive model for disaster management at national, state and district levels National Committee on Disaster Management Initiated after the Gujarat Earthquake under the chairmanship of the PM of India

23. Disaster Management Act 2005 Holistic management of disaster Dec 23,2005 Accordingly NDMA setup at New Delhi under the PM Responsible for laying down policies and guidelines for Disaster management, ensuring timely and effective response coordination, enforcement and implementation of policy and plans Is evolving a National policy on Disaster management

24. NURSING CARE IN DISASTER MANAGEMENT The systematic and flexible utilization of knowledge and skills specific to disaster related nursing and the promotion of a wide range of activities to minimize health hazards and life threatening damage caused by disaster in collaboration with other specialized fields

25. OBJECTIVES: To effectively reduce the Impact of the disaster on human life and health. To participate in the coordinated efforts of all groups to reduce loss of life, property. damage, social and economic disruption and To initiate rehabilitation.

26. Role of the nurse In Disaster preparedness: Facilitate preparation within the community Initiate and update disaster plan Update record of vulnerable population Check availability of resources in case of disaster. Assess and report environmental health hazards.

27. In Disaster response : Member of the assessment team Feeding back Facilitate rapid rescue Recovery Ongoing assessment and surveillance

28. Cont.… In Recovery: Hygiene and immunization Referral to mental health professionals Assessment for environmental hazards Assessment for faulty conditions facilitating future disasters. Case finding and referrals

29. Common Psychological complications due to Disaster: Organic ,mental disorder secondary to head injury ,toxins ,illness, dehydration Acute stress disorders Adjustment disorders Substance abuse PTSD(Post traumatic stress disorder) Generalized anxiety disorder Behavioral responses like family violence.

30. Role of nurse -psychological stress of disaster victims Nursing assessment Assess for high risk Those who have lost one or more family members Those with serious injuries Those with previous history of psychiatric illness Those who have lost home or possession People on fixed family income Elderly, minority or without adequate support system ,

31. Cont.… Identification of victims behavior Perception of events Support systems & coping mechanisms Identification of negative feelings

32. Nursing interventions in Disaster management: Tailored to the community served. Appropriate to the stage of emotional response Should work with families or group of families Survivor should feel “valued” Do not give false reassurances.

33. Cont.… Keep families together especially parents and children Remove panic stricken people from main group Keep people in group Assignee small supervised tasks Increase awareness of what has happened Do not isolate Explore provisions for reconstruction of life style

34. Cont.… Assist in contact with friends Give information about social, financial, health resources. Establish and maintain communication network Prevent /reduce rumors Encourage sharing of information

35. Specific interventions to reduce stress in crisis of Disaster: Education Crisis intervention Problem solving Advocacy Referrals

36. ;) THANKYOU SO MUCH FOR YOUR CAREFULL LISTENING AND KIND ATTENTION !!! ;)