disaster management in nursing 2-1.pptx

msc nursing final year

1. GOVT. COLLEGE OF NURSING RAJNANDGAON (C.G.) SUBJECT: NURSING MANAGEMENT SEMINAR ON: DISASTER MANAGEMENT SUBMITTED TO DR. MRS. UMA SHENDEY PROFESSOR DEPARTMENT O F CHILD HEALTH NURSING GOVERNMENT COLLEGE OF NURSING RAJNANDGAON (C.G.) SUBMITTED BY M R S. CHANDRIKA SAHU M.Sc. NURSING 2 ND YEAR GOVERNMENT COLLEGE OF NURSING RAJNANDGAON (C.G.)

2. Community disaster management Community disaster management refers to the collective efforts of a community to prevent, prepare for, respond to, and recover from disasters. It involves: 1. Risk assessment and mapping 2. Emergency planning and preparedness 3. Community education and awareness

3. Con… 4. Volunteer management and training 5. Resource mobilization and management. 6. Collaboration with government agencies and organizations 7. Implementation of early warning systems 8. Conducting regular drills and exercises.

4. Key components of community disaster management Community participation and engagement Local knowledge and expertise Inclusive and equitable approaches Building resilience and capacity Fostering partnerships and collaborations. Empowering vulnerable populations. Promoting a culture of safety and preparedness

5. Effective community disaster management 1. Reduce disaster risks and impacts 2. Enhance community resilience and capacity 3. Promote sustainable development and livelihoods 4. Support vulnerable populations and reduce disparities 5. Foster a sense of community and social cohesion

6. Examples of community disaster management initiatives 1. Community-based early warning systems 2. Volunteer emergency response teams 3.Disaster-resistant construction and infrastructure 4. Community emergency funds and resources 5. Public education and awareness campaigns 6. Collaborative disaster planning and response efforts 7.Community-led disaster recovery and reconstruction initiatives

7. Natural disasters in India Natural calamities in India , many of them related to the climate of India, cause massive losses of life and property. Droughts, flash floods, cyclones, avalanches, landslides brought by torrential rains and snowstorms pose the greatest threats. A natural disaster might be caused by earthquakes, flooding, volcanic eruption, landslides, hurricanes etc.

8. Con.. Other dangers include frequent summer dust storms, which usually track from north to south; they cause extensive property damage in North India and deposit large amounts of dust and dirt from arid regions. Hail is also common in parts of India, causing severe damage to standing crops such as rice and wheat and many more crops and effects many people.

9. Landslides and Avalanches Landslides are very common in the lower Himalayas. The young age of the region's hills results in rock formations, which are susceptible to slippages. Rising population and development pressures, particularly from logging and tourism, cause deforestation.

10. Parts of the Western Ghats also suffer from low-intensity landslides. Avalanches occurrences are common in Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, and Sikkim etc. Landslides in India are also highly dangerous as many Indian families and farmers  reside in the hills or mountains. Con..

11. Management of Landslides and Avalanches Landslide Management: Identification and mapping of landslide-prone areas. Slope stabilization and reinforcement. Drainage management and control. Vegetation management and restoration. Monitoring and early warning systems Emergency preparedness and response planning. Public education and awareness.

12. Avalanche Management Avalanche forecasting and warning systems. Snowpack monitoring and analysis. Ski area and road closures. Public education and awareness. Emergency response planning and rescue operations. Avalanche safety training and equipment.

13. Floods in India Floods are the most common natural disaster in India. The heavy south west monsoon rains cause the Brahmaputra and other rivers to distend their banks, often flooding surrounding areas. Though they provide rice paddy farmers with a largely dependable source of natural irrigation and fertilisation , the floods can kill thousands and displace millions.

14. Management of Flood Flood management involves a range of strategies to prevent, mitigate and respond to flooding: Prevention Watershed management Floodplain zoning and land-use planning Flood-control structures (e.g., dams, levees, floodwalls). Wetland restoration and preservation

15. Mitigation Flood forecasting and warning systems. Floodplain mapping and risk assessment. Flood-resistant construction and retrofitting. Flood-control measures (e.g., sandbags, flood gates).

16. Response Emergency preparedness and planning. Evacuation and shelter management. Floodwater rescue and relief operations. Debris removal and cleanup.

17. Recovery Damage assessment and repair. Floodplain restoration and rehabilitation. Watershed restoration and management. Flood-risk reduction measures.

18. Cyclones The  Intertropical Convergence Zone may affect thousands of Indians living in the coastal regions. Tropical cyclogenesis  is particularly common in the northern reaches of the Indian Ocean in and around the Bay of Bengal. Cyclones bring with them heavy rains, storm surges and winds that often cut affected areas off from relief and supplies.

19. Each year, an average of eight storms with sustained wind speeds greater than 63 kilometres per hour form; of these, two strengthen into true tropical cyclones, which have sustained gusts greater than 117 kilometres per hour. Con..

20. During summer, the Bay of Bengal is subject to intense heating, giving rise to humid and unstable air masses that produce cyclones. Many powerful cyclones, including the 1737 Calcutta cyclone, the 1970 Bhola cyclone, the 1991 Bangladesh cyclone, the 1999 Odisha cyclone, and 2019s Cyclone Fani  in Odisha and Cyclone Vayu  in Gujarat, have led to widespread devastation along parts of the eastern coast of India and neighboring Bangladesh. Con..

21. In terms of damage and loss of life, the 1999 Odisha cyclone, a super cyclone that struck Odisha on 29 October 1999, was the worst in more than a quarter-century. With peak winds of 160 miles per hour (257 km/h) Con..

22. Almost two million people were left homeless, another 20 million people's lives were disrupted by the cyclone. Officially 9,803 people died. In terms of damage and asset destruction, Cyclone Amphan , a super cyclone that struck West Bengal, Odisha and Bangladesh on 20 May 2020 is, as of that date, the worst in India in the 21st century. With peak winds of 260 kilometres per hour to 280 kilometres per hour . Con..

23. Almost 5 million (50 lakh) people are left homeless in West Bengal, Odisha and Bangladesh another 10 million (1crore) people's lives were disrupted by the cyclone. Officially, 128 people died from the storm. Official damage and asset destruction estimate is 13.40 to 13.69 billion US Dollars it is the costliest and most damaging cyclone ever to occur in the Bay of Bengal. 2021 Cyclone Tauktae  killed at least 104 people. Con..

24. Management of cyclone Cyclone management involves a range of strategies to prevent, mitigate, and respond to cyclones: Prevention: Monitoring and forecasting: Track cyclone formation and movement. Early warning systems: Alert people in vulnerable areas. Evacuation plans: Move people to safe zones. Storm shelters: Provide safe refuge.

25. Mitigation Coastal protection: Build seawalls, dunes, and breakwaters. Flood-control measures: Implement storm water drainage systems. Wind-resistant construction: Enforce building codes. Public education: Raise awareness about cyclone risks.

26. Response Emergency preparedness: Stockpile supplies and equipment. Search and rescue: Locate and assist affected people. Medical aid: Provide emergency healthcare. Food and water distribution: Support affected communities.

27. Recovery Damage assessment: Evaluate impact and identify needs. Debris removal: Clear roads and public spaces. Infrastructure repair: Restore essential services. Livelihood support: Help affected communities recover.

28. Breastfeeding mother disaster management Breastfeeding mother disaster management involves ensuring the safety and well-being of breastfeeding mothers and their infants during disasters: Evacuation planning : Include breastfeeding mothers and infants in evacuation plans. Safe shelter: Provide safe and private spaces for breastfeeding. Food and water: Ensure access to clean water and nutritious food for mothers. Hygiene and sanitation: Maintain proper hygiene and sanitation facilities.

29. Con… Emotional support: Offer emotional support and counseling to breastfeeding mothers. Breastfeeding supplies: Provide access to breastfeeding supplies, such as breast pumps and storage bags. Infant care: Ensure access to medical care and supplies for infants. Communication: Establish communication networks to support breastfeeding mothers.

30. Key guidelines 1. WHO's "Emergency Preparedness and Response" guidelines 2. UNICEF's "Infant and Young Child Feeding in Emergencies" guidelines 3. American Academy of Pediatrics' "Disaster Preparedness" guidelines

31. Training and preparedness: 1.Educate healthcare providers on breastfeeding support in disasters. 2.Conduct regular drills and training exercises. 3. Develop breastfeeding-friendly emergency plans.

32. Epidemic diseases Epidemic diseases are infectious diseases that spread rapidly and widely among a population, often causing widespread illness and death. Examples of epidemic diseases include: Influenza (flu) COVID-19 ( coronavirus ) Ebola HIV/AIDS Malaria Measles Meningitis Tuberculosis (TB) Cholera Dengue fever Zika virus SARS (severe acute respiratory syndrome) MERS (Middle East respiratory syndrome) Polio Avian influenza (bird flu)

33. Management of epidemics Management of epidemics involves a range of strategies to prevent, detect, and respond to outbreaks. Here are some key measures: Prevention: Vaccination and immunization programs Public health education and awareness campaigns Surveillance and monitoring of infectious diseases Infection control practices in healthcare settings

34. Detection Establishing a surveillance system to monitor disease trends Implementing early warning systems for disease outbreaks Conducting regular risk assessments and situation analysis

35. Response Activating incident management systems and emergency response plans Implementing control measures (e.g., isolation, quarantine) Providing medical care and treatment to affected individuals Conducting public health investigations to identify sources and risk factors

36. Control and Containment Implementing public health measures (e.g., social distancing, travel restrictions) Enhancing infection control practices in healthcare settings Conducting environmental cleaning and disinfection Managing and disposing of hazardous materials and waste

37. Communication and Coordination Establishing clear communication channels with stakeholders Coordinating with healthcare providers, laboratories, and public health agencies Providing regular updates and situation reports to the public and stakeholders Engaging with community leaders and partners to support response efforts

38. Recovery Evaluating the effectiveness of response measures Conducting post-outbreak reviews and lessons-learned exercises Updating policies, guidelines, and procedures based on lessons learned Supporting affected communities in recovery efforts

39. Key guidelines WHO's "International Health Regulations" (2005) CDC's "Epidemic Intelligence Service" guidelines WHO's "Epidemic Preparedness and Response" guidelines

40. Disaster response agencies National Disaster Management Authority (India) National Disaster Response Force (NDRF), a union force under NDMA Odisha Disaster Rapid Action Force  (ODRAF) State Disaster Response Force (Assam) Tamil Nadu State Disaster Management Authority (TNSDMA)

41. National Disaster Management Authority

42. National Disaster Management Authority (India), abbreviated as  NDMA , is an apex Body of Government of India, with a mandate to lay down policies for disaster management. NDMA was established through the Disaster Management Act enacted by the Government of India on 23 December 2005.  NDMA is responsible for framing policies, laying down guidelines and best-practices for coordinating with the State Disaster Management Authorities (SDMA's) to ensure a holistic and distributed approach to disaster management.

43. Members It is headed by the Prime Minister of India and can have up to nine other members. Since 2020, there have been four members. They are: Kamal Kishore , Lt. Gen ( Retd ) Syed Ata Hasnain , Rajendra Singh and Dr. Krishna Vatsa . As of now, Kamal Kishore acts as a member secretary. There is a provision to have a Vice Chair-person if needed.

44. Functions and responsibilities NDMA, as the apex body, is mandated to lay down the policies, plans and guidelines for Disaster Management to ensure timely and effective response to disasters. Towards this, it has the following responsibilities: Lay down policies on disaster management; Approves the National Plan; Approve plans prepared by the Ministries or Departments of the Government of India in accordance with the National Plan;

45. Con.. Lay down guidelines to be followed by the State Authorities in drawing up the State Plan; Lay down guidelines to be followed by the different Ministries or Departments of the Government of India for the purpose of integrating the measures for prevention of disaster or the mitigation of its effects in their development plans and projects. Coordinate the enforcement and implementation of the policy and plans for disaster management. Recommend provision of funds for the purpose of mitigation.

46. Programs NDMA (National Disaster Management Authority) runs various programs for mitigation and responsiveness for specific situations. These include the National Cyclone Risk Management Project, School Safety Project, Decision Support System and others. India Disaster Response Summit held on 9 November 2017 held at New Delhi. This summit was jointly organised by the National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA) and social networking site Facebook . India has become the first country to partner with Facebook on disaster response.

47. NDMA guidelines Following are the guidelines as per NDMA's official website: - Guidelines for Preparation of Action Plan - Prevention and Management of Heat Wave Landslide Risk Management Strategy Guidelines on Disability Inclusive Disaster Risk Reduction Guidelines on Temporary Shelters for Disaster-Affected Families Guidelines on Prevention & Management of Thunderstorm & Lightning/Squall/Dust/Hailstorm & Strong Winds Guidelines on Boat Safety Guidelines on Cultural Heritage Sites and Precincts Guidelines on Museums Guidelines on Minimum Standards of Relief Guidelines on Hospital Safety Guidelines on School Safety Policy Guidelines on Seismic Retrofitting of Deficient Buildings and Structures

48. Guidelines on Scaling, Type of Equipment and Training of Fire Services Guidelines on National Disaster Management Information and Communication System Guidelines on Management of Drought Guidelines on Management of Urban Flooding Guidelines on Management of Dead in the Aftermath of Disaster Guidelines on Management of Tsunamis Guidelines on Incident Response System Guidelines on Psycho-Social Support and Mental Health Services in Disasters Guidelines on Management of Chemical(Terrorism) Disasters Guidelines on Management of Landslides and Snow Avalanches. Con..

49. National Disaster Response Force

50. The  National Disaster Response Force  ( NDRF ) is an Indian specialised force constituted under the Disaster Management Act, 2005

51. Agency overview Formed: 19 January 2006; 18 years ago. Jurisdiction: Government of India. Headquarters: Directorate General, NDRF, 6th Floor, NDCC-II Building, Jai Singh Road, New Delhi – 110001. Motto: " आपदा सेवा सदैव सर्वत्र " Employees: 13,000 personnel Annual budget: ₹1,601.02 crore (equivalent to ₹18 billion or US$220 million in 2023) (2023–24).

52. Minister responsible: Amit Shah, Minister of Home Affairs. Agency executive: Shri Piyush Anand , IPS, Director General. Parent department: Ministry of Home Affairs Child agencies: Karnataka State Disaster Response Force Maharashtra State Disaster Response Force Telangana State Disaster Response Force Andhra Pradesh State Disaster Response Force Key document: Disaster Management Act, 2005 Website: ndrf.gov.in Con..

53. The responsibility of managing disasters in India is that of the state governments. The ‘Nodal Ministry’ in the central government for management of natural disasters is the Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA). When 'calamities of severe nature' occur, the Central Government is responsible for providing aid and assistance to the affected state, including deploying, at the State's request, of Armed Forces, Central Paramilitary Forces, National Disaster Response Force (NDRF), and such communication, air and other assets, as are available and needed. Con..

54. National Disaster Response Force (NDRF) is under the National Disaster Management Authority. The head of the NDRF is designated as Director General. The Director Generals of NDRF are IPS officers on deputation from Indian police organizations. Director General is a three-star officer. The NDRF is led by a Director General and also has several Inspector Generals (IG) and Deputy IGs, who are flag officers and wear badges of rank. Con..

55. Composition National Disaster Response Force (NDRF) is a force of 16 battalions, organised on  para -military lines, and manned by persons on deputation from the para -military forces of India: three Border Security Force, three Central Reserve Police Force, two Central Industrial Security Force, two Indo-Tibetan Border Police, two  Sashastra Seema Bal and one of the Assam Rifles.

56. Con…. The total strength of each battalion is approximately 1149. Each battalion is capable of providing 18 self-contained specialist search and rescue teams of 45 personnel each including engineers, technicians, electricians, dog squads and medical/paramedics.

57. Deployment These NDRF battalions are located at twelve different locations in the country based on the vulnerability profile to cut down the response time for their deployment. During the preparedness period/in a threatening disaster situation, proactive deployment of these forces will be carried out by the NDMA in consultation with state authorities.

58. Functional Parameters The aim of the National Disaster Management Authority is to build a safer and disaster resilient India by developing a holistic, proactive, multi-disaster and technology driven strategy for disaster management. This has to be achieved through a culture of prevention, mitigation and preparedness to generate a prompt and efficient response at the time of disasters.

59. Con… This national vision inter alia, aims at inculcating a culture of preparedness among all stakeholders. NDRF has proved its importance in achieving this vision by highly skilled rescue and relief operations, regular and intensive training and re-training, familiarization exercises within the area of responsibility of respective NDRF Battalions, carrying out mock drills and joint exercises with the various stakeholders.

60. Disaster Response NDRF has proved its efficacy with its commendable performance during various disasters including the drowning cases, building collapses, landslides, devastating floods and Cyclones. NDRF has saved 133,192 human lives and retrieved 2760 dead bodies of disaster victims in 73 response operations in the country. Some of the major response operations of NDRF as below: 2007 Flood in Bhavnagar, Gujarat – 3–5 July 2007 – Rescued 291 people; distributed 3,750 food packets Flood in Rajkot, Gujarat – 3–5 July 2007 – Rescued 291 people; distributed 3,750 food packets

61. 2008 Building collapse (Hotel Shakunt ) in Ahmedabad ,  Gujarat  – 3–5 Feb 2008 – Saved 10 people and recovered 6 dead bodies Flood in Lakhimpur ,  Assam  – 14 June – 20 July 2008 – Rescued 2500 civilians Flood in Dhemaji ,  Assam  – 16 June – 31 July 2008 – Rescued 600 people Flood in Lakhimpur ,  Assam  – 21 July – 4 August 2008 – Evacuated 2000 people

62. Con… Rescue and relief operations during the  Kosi  breach in  Bihar Kosi breach in Bihar  – 20 August 2008 – Saved over 105,000 people including women, children and the elderly; distributed medicines and water bottles Flood in Lakhimpur , Assam – 31 Aug – 9 September 2008 – Saved 750 people Flood in Puri , Cuttack, Kendrapara & Jagatsinghpur ,  Odisha  – Sept 2008 – Saved over 1000 people

63. Con… Flood in Kamrup , Assam – 28 September 2008 – Saved 350 people Flood in Tiruvarur , Tamil Nadu – 26–30 Nov 2008 – Saved 773 people Flood in Chennai, Tamil Nadu – 26 Nov – 2 December 2008 – Rescued 1550 people Cyclone Aila  (24 Pargana North & South, West Bengal) – 25 May – 10 June 2009 – Rescued 2000 people; distribution of medicine to 30,000 victims & food packets to 16,000 homeless victims

64. 2009 Flood in Barpeta , Assam – 27 May 2009 – Saved 300 people Flood in Junagarh and Porbandar , Gujarat – 16–29 July 2009 – Saved 2225 people Flood in Kasarkode , Kannur and Ernakulam , Kerala – 17–24 July 2009 – Saved 180 people Flood in Sitamarhi , Bihar ( Bagmati breach) – 2–9 Aug 2009 – Rescued 1034 people; distributed medicines to 831 victims Flood in Howrah & Hooghly, West Bengal – 8–14 Sep 2009 – Rescue 675 people.

65. Andhra Pradesh & Karnataka Floods – Oct 2009 – Saved 10,659 people Con..

66.   NDRF rescue and relief operation, Karnataka, 2009 Con..

67. Rescue and relief work during the  Odisha  Flood of 2009 NDRF shifting school children to safer places during Cyclone Aila , 2009 Con..

68. 2010 Building collapse at Bellary, Karnataka – 27 January 2010 – Saved 20 human lives and recovered 27 dead bodies. Flood in Guwahati , Assam – 20–25 April 2010 – Saved 300 human lives. Cyclone Laila  in Andhra Pradesh & Karnataka – 18 May 2010.

69. 2011 46 members NDRF team performed search and rescue operation in  Onagawa , Miyagi (Japan). 2013 Cyclone Phailin  in the states of Andhra Pradesh, Odisha , etc. – The battalions of the army and navy were used to evacuate people. 2015 NDRF rushed teams to parts of India and Nepal affected by a late April earthquake. Flood in Chennai, Tamil Nadu – 10 Nov Con..

70. 2019 At least 58 teams of NDRF were deputed in Kerala during a flood in August 2018 making it the highest-ever deployment of NDRF in any single state since its raising. 194 persons have been rescued and more than 10,000 people have been evacuated so far. The NDRF teams are operational at present in Thrissur (15), Pathanamthitta (13), Alappuzha (11), Ernakulum (5), Idukki (4), Mallapuram (3), Wayanad and Kozhikode (2 each). Con..

71. 2020 Gas leak in Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh – 7 May 2020 . Cyclone Amphan  in West Bengal 2021 Glacial outburst flood in Uttarakhand  – 7 February 2021. Cyclone Yaas  in Odisha and West Bengal. Con..

72. 2023 The NDRF teams were deployed in Assam to tackle the annual flood situation. The force carried out rescue operations, evacuating stranded people and providing them with essential relief materials. NDRF was instrumental in minimising the loss of life during the cyclone that hit Odisha . The force was involved in preemptive evacuations, search and rescue operations, and distribution of relief materials.

73. The NDRF teams were quick to respond to the earthquake that struck Himachal Pradesh. They carried out search and rescue operations, helping to locate and save trapped individuals. The NDRF has been actively involved in rescue efforts in  Bharuch  district, specifically in Nikora Village. The force saved 105 people stranded in low-lying areas and relocated them to safety in collaboration with the civil administration. This operation was particularly challenging due to the water level being above the danger mark. Con..

74. SUMMARY

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76. Thank you!