Disaster Management ppt.pptx

This presentation aims at communicating knowledge about the management of disasters in the best possible way. I have explained all the basic elements of disaster in the simplest form.

1. Disaster Management-an Overview Presenter, Dr Sanket V. Nandekar JR, Dept. of Community Medicine IMS-BHU, VARANASI Moderator, Prof. Dr Hari Shankar Dept. of Community Medicine IMS-BHU, VARANASI

2. Outlines of Presentation:

3. History of Disaster management in India 1887- 1st Famine commission framed by British Government, Followed by 2 nd 3 rd . 1900- Famine Code & Policy. 1984- Bhopal Gas Tragedy (15k) 1999- Super Cyclone in Odisha (Country felt need for Disaster management) (10) 1999- High Powered Committee was framed by former PM Shri Atal Bihari Vajpayeeji for Disaster management.

4. History of Disaster management in India 2001- After Gujarat Earthquake (Gujarat was 1st state to form Disasters Management Act in year 2001 at state level) (20) 2004- Indian Ocean Tsunami (200k). 2005- Disaster management act was passed at national level. 2013- UK Flash Floods (5.7k). 2014- Kashmir Floods (0.3k). 2016- Disaster Management Plan 2019- Revised Disaster Management Plan

5. Background “India with wide range of topographic and climatic conditions is the highly disaster-prone country in Asia-Pacific region with an average of 8 major natural calamities a year.”

6. Vulnerability Profile of India Northern mountain regions, including the foot hills are prone to snow-storms, land-slides and earthquakes. The “both eastern & western coastal areas (>11000km) are prone to severe floods and cyclones (Andhra Pradesh, West Bengal, Orissa, etc.). Bihar, Assam and Uttar Pradesh get major floods almost every year.

7. Vulnerability Profile of India Western desert areas are prone to draughts. There is hardly a year when some or the other part of the country does not face the specter of drought, floods or cyclone.

8. Hazard: As per the definition adopted by UNISDR, "hazard" is a dangerous, phenomenon, substance, human activity, or condition that may cause loss of life, injury or other health impacts, property damage, loss of livelihoods and services, social and economic disruption, or environmental damage. Introduction

9. Types of Hazard: Geological Hazard: Earthquake, Tsunami etc. Climatic Hazard: Cyclone, Flood etc. Environmental Hazard: Environmental Pollution, Deforestation etc. Chemical Industrial & Nuclear Accidents etc

10. The United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction (UNISDR) (2009) defines disaster as: "A serious disruption of the functioning of a community or a society involving widespread human, material, economic or environmental losses and impacts, which exceed the ability of the affected community or society to cope using its own resources". Disaster:

11. Disaster Management Act 2005 of India uses the following definition for disaster: " Disaster means a catastrophe, mishap, calamity or grave occurrence in any area, arising from natural or manmade causes, or by accident or negligence which results in substantial loss of life or human suffering or damage to, and destruction of property, or damage to, or degradation of, environment, and is of such a nature or magnitude as to be beyond the coping capacity of the community of the affected area“. Disaster:

12. Vulnerability “Vulnerability is the extent to which a community structure service or geographic area is likely to be damaged or disrupted by the impact of a particular hazard.” e.g. Physical Vulnerability, Social Vulnerability, Economical Vulnerability, Environmental Vulnerability

13. Capacity: Capacity is the combination of all the strengths, attributes and resources available within an organization, community or society to manage and reduce disaster risks and strengthen resilience. e.g. • Physical Capacity. • Socio economic Capacity

14. Risk Risk is the possibility of damage in terms of life property and livelihood due to a disaster. Risk depends mainly upon two factors i.e. Hazard & Vulnerability Broadly we can say Risk = Hazard * Vulnerability

15. “Disaster Management is the sum total of all activities, program and measure which can be taken up before, during and after a disaster to reduce, the potential losses from hazards, assure prompt and appropriate assistance to victims of disaster, and achieve rapid and effective recovery.” What is Disaster Management?

16. There are three fundamental aspects of disaster management : a. Disaster response b. Disaster mitigation; and c. Disaster preparedness. These three aspects of disaster management correspond to different phases in the “Disaster management cycle" Disaster Management

17. Disaster management cycle:

18. “Immediate reaction to disaster as the disaster is anticipated, or soon after it begins in order to assess the needs, reduce the suffering, limit the spread and consequences of the disaster, open up the way to rehabilitation.” Disaster Response:

19. By, Mass evacuation, Search and rescue operations. Emergency medical services Securing food and water for affected Maintenance of Law & Order Disaster Response:

20. Analyze the impact of disaster, Rescue and First Aid, Field care, Triage, Tagging, Identification of dead. Disaster Response: Triage

21. Identification of medical & health resources Pre-hospital emergency services Assessment of immediate health needs External medical services and extrication workers Temporary field treatment Prompt and proper treatment to save lives. Medical and Public Health Response:

22. Food safety and Water Safety Animal control Vector control mainly for Measles, diarrheal diseases, ARI, and malaria breakdown Waste management. Medical and Public Health Response:

23. Rehabilitation: Rehabilitation is defined as “a set of interventions designed to optimize functioning and reduce disability in individuals with health conditions in interaction with their environment”.

24. Reconstruction: Slogan – “Build Back Better The process of reconstruction involves partial or complete relocation and rebuilding the essential physical infrastructure and shelter (house) so that vulnerability levels are reduced and families are able to get back to their feet.

25. “ Disaster mitigation is permanent reduction of risk of a disaster, to limit its impact on human suffering and economic assets.” Primary mitigation: Reducing hazard & vulnerability. Secondary mitigation: Reducing effects of hazard (Preparedness). Disaster Mitigation:

26. Components of Disaster Mitigation: Reducing hazard - Protection against threat by removing the cause of threat. Reducing vulnerability - Reducing the effect of threat Natural hazards are inevitable, reduce vulnerability. Disaster Mitigation:

27. Disaster preparedness is ongoing multisectoral activity and integral part of the national system responsible for developing plans and programs for disaster management. Disaster Preparedness is some total of Prevention, Mitigation, Response, Rehabilitation and Reconstruction . Disaster preparedness:

28. Structural Damage- to variable extent . Health- Physical Entanglement, Injuries, Disabilities, Coma, Death, Psychological- Cognitive, Behavioral, Social. Ecological- Changes in eco system . Economical- Financial losses. Consequences of Disaster:

29. Priority 1- Knowing the Risk. Priority 2- Disaster Governance Priority 3- Investing in DRR. Priority 4- Disaster Preparedness & Build Back Better Approach . 2019 Comprehensive Plan For DRR: “Working Towards the Culture of Preparedness, Mitigation Response & Rehabilitation”.

30. The overall coordination of disaster management comes under the Ministry of Home Affairs" (MHA). The Cabinet Committee on Security (CCS) and the National Crisis Management Committee (NCMC) are the key committees involved in the top-level decision-making with regard to disaster management. Institutional Framework For Disaster Management:

31. At National Level: NDMA- National Disaster Management Authority Guidelines/Decision making Authority National Disaster Management Plan Headed by: Prime Minister Of India NDRF- National Disaster Response Force Institutional Framework For Disaster Management:

32. At State Level: SDMA- State Disaster Management Authority Implementation Authority State Disaster Management Plan Headed by: Chief Minister Of respective State SDRF- State Disaster Response Force Institutional Framework For Disaster Management:

33. At District Level: DDMA- District Disaster Management Authority Working Authority District Disaster Management Plan (Action Plan) Headed by: District Magistrate Of respective Districts. Institutional Framework For Disaster Management:

34. Major Funds for Disaster Management: NDRF- National Disaster Response Fund NDMF- National Disaster Mitigation Fund

35. Composition Of NDRF Team: Total= 47 44 & 3 DVR

36. S. No Type of Hazards Time of Occurrence Potential Impact/ Probable Damages   Vulnerable Areas 1. Flood/Water Logging June- September Crop, Human, Animal, Infrastructure loss   Entire city 2. Earthquake Jan - December Crop, Human, Animal, Infrastructure loss  Entire City 3. Heat-Stroke April - July Crop, Human, Animal, Infrastructure loss Entire City 4. Cyclone May-December Crop, Human, Animal, Infrastructure loss Entire City 5. Epidemic June- Human & Animal loss Entire City 6. Lightening April -December Human, Animal, Infrastructure loss Entire City 7. Fire April - June Human, Animal, Property & Infrastructure loss Entire City 8. Cold Stroke December - Jan Animals, Human loss Entire City 9. Electrocution Jan - December Animals, Human, Property loss Entire City 10. Road Accidents Jan - December Animals, Human, Property loss Entire City Vulnerability Profile of Varanasi:

37. TYPE OF RESOURCES NUMBERS Hospitals Allopathic-202, (bed -4235) Ayurvedic- 26 (BED- 109) Unani- 01 PHCs 30 CHCs 08 SHCs 57 dispensaries 06 Sub health centers 306 Private hospital 70 Fire Brigades 04 Boats 251 Engine Motor Boats 110 Disaster Response Resources in Varanasi District

38. S.N. Type of Educational Institutions No. of Institution 01 Universities 4 02 Degree college 26 03 Medical college 02 04 Pharmacy college 03 05 Mass communication colleges 02 06 U.P Boards school 37 07 C.B.S.E school 36 08 I.C.S.E board 06 09 MBA collge 06 10 B.Ed college 16 11 Computer institutions 35 12 Technical university 01 13 Colleges 21 14 Secondary & senior secondary schools 409 15 Middle school 989 16 Primary schools 1851 No of Educational Institutions (Disaster S helters) in Varanasi District

39. 1. Battery operated torch 2. Battery operated radio 3. Extra batteries 4. First aid kit and manual 5. Emergency food (dry items) and water (packed and sealed) 6. Candles and matches in a waterproof container 7. Knife 8. Chlorine tablets or powdered water purifiers 9. Can opener 10. Essential medicines 11. Cash 12. Aadhar Card and Ration Card 13. Thick ropes and cords 14. Sturdy shoes How to Prepare an Emergency Kit?

40. T h a n k y o u …