Disaster Risk Reduction

Disaster Risk Reduction

1. DISASTER RISK REDUCTION Dr Fayaz A. Malla Assistant Professor, Environmental Sciences Higher Education Department, Govt. of J&K Email: [email protected]

2. Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) Disaster risk reduction is aimed at preventing new and reducing existing disaster risk and managing residual risk , all of which contribute to strengthening resilience and therefore to the achievement of sustainable development The concept and practice of reducing disaster risks through systematic efforts to analyze and manage the causal factors of disasters, including through reduced exposure to hazards, lessened vulnerability of people and property, wise management of land and the environment, and improved preparedness for adverse events.” (United Nations International Strategy for Disaster Reduction, 2009)

3. Why DRR

4. Components of DRR

5. Mitigation

6. Disaster Mitigation includes Reviewing building codes. Vulnerability analysis updates. Zoning and land-use management and planning. Reviewing of building use regulations and safety codes Implementing preventative health measures Political intervention and commitment Public awareness

7. Disaster Mitigation Structural mitigation – construction projects which reduce economic and social impacts i.e., dams, windbreaks, terracing and hazard resistant buildings. Non-structural activities – policies and practices which raise awareness of hazards or encourage developments to reduce the impact of disasters

8. Various mitigation strategies or measures- For instance, varieties of crops that are more wind, flood or drought resistant can often be introduced in areas prone to floods, drought and cyclones, Economic diversification. Strategies Community based Mitigation Government Establishments Government Based mitigation Top –Down approach Bottom-Up approach

9. Disaster mitigation and Infrastructure Investment in infrastructure to support sustainable socioeconomic development Investment in infrastructure for reconstruction and recovery. A backup generator is available in case of power failure and that a battery-operated radio . A backup copy of all critical information The preliminary design should take into consideration the prevalent hazards and methods to avoid or to minimize the effects of the extreme natural events. Strengthening vulnerable areas such as roofs, exterior doors, windows, and garage doors.

10. Preparedness

11. Preparedness

12. Response

13. Response

14. Response

15. The other aims of response

16. Recovery

17. COMMUNITY DATA BASES AND INFORMATION HAZARDS: GROUND SHAKING GROUND FAILURE SURFACE FAULTING TECTONIC DEFORMATION TSUNAMI RUN UP AFTERSHOCKS NATURAL HAZARDS INVENTORY VULNERABILITY LOCATION RISK ASSESSMENT RISK ACCEPTABLE RISK UNACCEPTABLE RISK GOAL: DISASTER RESILIENCE PREPAREDNESS PROTECTION EMERGENCY RESPONSE RECOVERY IENCE FOUR PILLARS OF RESILIENCE

18. Strategies to Strengthen DRR

19. Strategies to Strengthen DRR

20. Challenges to Address DRR

21. Challenges to Address DRR

22. Disaster and Development Disasters set back development programming, destroying years of development initiatives. Rebuilding after a disaster provides significant opportunities to initiate development programs Development programs can increase an area’s susceptibility to disasters Development programs can be designed to decrease the susceptibility to disasters and their negative consequences

23. Development initiatives for countries faced disaster

24. Important Activities

25. DRR Recommendations

26. E O P allows the community to respond to threats. Engages responders in the short-term recovery. Must be flexible to be valuable in real and potential emergencies. It doesn’t include the administrative plan , the mitigation strategy, the long- term recovery or the Standard Operational procedures. Emergency Operation Plan (EOP)

27. Policy Arena There have been growing calls for greater clarity about the components of DRR and about indicators of progress toward resilience — a challenge that the international community took up at the UN's  World Conference on Disaster Reduction  (WCDR) in Kobe, Japan, in 2005, only days after the  2004 Indian Ocean earthquake . The WCDR began the process of pushing international agencies and national governments beyond the vague rhetoric of most policy statements and toward setting clear targets and commitments for DRR.

28. Hyogo Framework for Action

29. Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction The  Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction (2015–2030)  is an international document that was adopted by the United Nations member states between 14 and 18 March 2015 at the  World Conference on Disaster Risk Reduction  held in  Sendai , Japan, and endorsed by the  UN General Assembly  in June 2015.  It is the successor agreement to the  Hyogo Framework for Action  (2005–2015), which had been the most encompassing international accord to date on disaster risk reduction. The Sendai document emerged from three years' of talks, assisted by the  United Nations International Strategy for Disaster Reduction , during which UN member states, NGOs, and other stakeholders made calls for an improved version of the existing  Hyogo Framework , with a set of common standards, a comprehensive framework with achievable targets, and a legally-based instrument for disaster risk reduction. Member states also emphasized the need to tackle disaster risk reduction and  climate change adaptation  when setting the  Sustainable Development Goals , particularly considering an insufficient focus on risk reduction and resilience in the original  Millennium Development Goals .