Discipline and Ideas in Social Science Module 1.pptx

Senior High - DISS

1. DISS

2. Lesson 1 : Defining Social Sciences as the Study of Society

3. Historical Background of Social Sciences

4. Ancient Philosophy -ancient history: there’s no difference between Mathematics and the study of history, poetry, or politics

5. There was a big change in how people understood science, and social sciences.

6. According to Stearns et al. (2000) In 18th Century societies changed with events like the Industrial and French Revolutions, social sciences started to focus on improving society. Hobbes, Locke, and Montesquieu wrote influential works on society and government "sociology" was invented by Auguste Comte

7. According to Stearns et al. (2000) In 18th Century

8. According to Stearns et al. (2000) In the period of 1760

9. According to Stearns et al. (2000) In the period of 1760

10. According to Stearns et al. (2000) In 19th Century social sciences had become more established in Europe, and scholars like Karl Marx introduced major theories

11. According to Stearns et al. (2000) In 19th Century

12. According to Stearns et al. (2000) In 19th Century social sciences had become more established in Europe, and scholars like Karl Marx introduced major theories

13. According to Stearns et al. (2000) In 20th Century social sciences became even more structured and specialized, with different disciplines like economics, psychology, and anthropology connecting to other fields like math and biology

14. Definitions of Social Sciences, Natural Sciences, andHumanities Social Sciences

15. Social Sciences field of study that focuses on how people interact with each other in societies. how individuals behave as part of a group and how their actions affect the society they live in

16. Natural Sciences focuses on understanding the natural world by observing, experimenting, and gathering evidence to describe and predict how things work.

17. Examples: Scientists study how objects move, like how gravity makes things fall to the ground. They observe what happens, test it through experiments, and use the results to explain and predict other movements.

18. Examples: Scientists study living things, like how plants grow. They observe plants in nature, conduct experiments to see how they react to different conditions (like sunlight), and use that knowledge to understand and predict how all plants grow.

19. 2 Main Branches of Natural Science 1. Life Science/ Biological Science 2. Physical Science -Physics, Astronomy, Chemistry, Earth Science

20. Biological Science It studies life in all its forms, past and present. This includes plants, animals, viruses and bacteria, single-celled organisms, and even cells.

21. Physical Science The branch of science that studies non-living things in the world, like rocks, water, and air. It focuses on things that are not alive.

22. Physics The branch of science that studies matter (which is anything that has mass and takes up space) and energy (which is the ability to do work, like moving something or heating it). Physics looks at how matter and energy behave both on their own and when they interact with each other.

23. Physics Examples 1: Gravity - Physics helps us understand why things fall to the ground when we drop them. Gravity is the force that pulls objects toward the Earth. 2: Electricity - Physics explains how electricity works, like when you turn on a light switch, and the light bulb glows because of the flow of energy through wires.

24. Astronomy the science that studies everything in space, like stars, planets, comets, and galaxies. It also looks at events and things that happen outside of Earth, like cosmic radiation, which is leftover energy from the early universe.

25. Astronomy Examples 1: Stars - Astronomy helps us learn about stars, like our Sun, and how they shine and provide light and heat to planets. 2: Planets - Through astronomy, scientists study planets, like Mars, to understand what they are made of and if they might have had water or life at some point.

26. Chemistry The science that studies what things are made of (matter) and how they can change into something else. Chemists also learn how to control these changes to create new materials that can be useful.

27. Chemistry Examples 1: Rusting of Iron - When iron is exposed to water and oxygen, a chemical reaction occurs, turning the iron into rust. This change in matter is an example of chemistry at work. 2: Medicine - Chemists create medicines by combining different chemicals. These medicines can help fight diseases or relieve pain by changing how your body works in a helpful way.

28. Earth Science The study of our planet, Earth, and the things around it in space, like the moon and other planets. This science helps us understand how Earth works and can be used in many practical ways, like predicting weather or finding natural resources.

29. Earth Science Examples 1: Weather Forecasting - Earth scientists study the atmosphere to understand weather patterns. This helps meteorologists predict when it will rain or be sunny. 2: Volcanoes - Earth science also involves studying volcanoes to learn how and why they erupt. This knowledge helps keep people safe by warning them before an eruption happens.

30. Humanities The study of human experiences and how people express and understand their lives. It includes looking at things like ideas, stories, beliefs, and creative works.

31. Humanities Art: Humanities studies paintings and sculptures to understand what artists were feeling and thinking when they created their work.

32. Humanities History - Humanities involves looking at past events and stories, like how ancient civilizations lived, to learn about human experiences and how they have changed over time.

33. Humanities Literature - Humanities explores books and poems, like Shakespeare's plays, to understand different cultures, emotions, and ideas from the past and present.

34. Humanities Music - Studying music helps us understand how different cultures express emotions and tell stories through songs and compositions, like Beethoven’s symphonies or traditional folk music.

35. Humanities Philosophy - Humanities includes philosophy, where people think deeply about big questions, such as what is right and wrong or what makes life meaningful.

36. Humanities Religion - Exploring different religions and their beliefs helps us understand how people find purpose and community in their lives, such as the teachings of Buddhism or Christianity.

37. Social Sciences and Natural Sciences Things in Common: both sciences employ the scientific model in order to gain information. both sciences use empirical and measured data evidence that canbeseenand discerned by the senses. both sciences’ theories can be tested to yield theoretical statementsandgeneral positions.

38. Social Sciences and Natural Sciences Use the Scientific Model: Both use the scientific method to explore and understand their subjects. This means they make observations, form questions, test ideas, and analyze results. Example: In social sciences, a researcher might study how people respond to different types of advertisements. In natural sciences, a biologist might study how plants grow under different light conditions. Both use experiments to test their ideas.

39. Social Sciences and Natural Sciences Use Empirical Data: Both rely on evidence that can be seen or measured. This evidence helps them understand and explain their findings. Example: Social scientists might collect survey responses to understand people's opinions, while natural scientists might measure the temperature and growth of plants in an experiment.

40. Social Sciences and Natural Sciences Test Theories: Both fields create theories or ideas that can be tested. This helps them confirm or change their understanding based on new evidence. Example: In social sciences, a theory about social behavior might be tested through experiments or surveys. In natural sciences, a theory about gravity might be tested through experiments or observations. Both fields check if their theories hold true in different situations.

41. Social Sciences Vs. Natural Sciences Social Science: Started Later: It began about 300 years after natural science. Focuses on People: It studies human behavior and emotions. Unpredictable: Human behavior is spontaneous and can’t always be controlled or predicted.

42. Social Sciences Vs. Natural Sciences Social Science: Uses Experiential Data: It collects data from real-life experiences and interactions. Methods: Often involves different ways of observing and interacting with people, like surveys or interviews. Open System: Social sciences deal with complex and changing human systems.

43. Social Sciences Vs. Natural Sciences Natural Science: Started Earlier: It began in the 16th and 17th centuries. Focuses on Objects: It studies non-living things like chemicals, plants, and physical forces. Predictable: Experiments are controlled and results are usually predictable.

44. Social Sciences Vs. Natural Sciences Natural Science: Uses Experimental Data: It collects data through controlled experiments and measurements. Methods: Often involves repeated lab experiments to test theories. Closed System: Natural sciences deal with more fixed and predictable systems.

45. Social Sciences and Humanities Things in common: 1. Focus on Human Aspects: Both fields look at different ways humans interact with the world and each other. Example: Both study economics—social science looks at how people manage money and resources, while humanities might explore how economic systems influence art and culture.

46. Social Sciences and Humanities Things in common: 2. Concerned with Human Lives: Both are interested in understanding people’s experiences and societies. Example: Both fields study politics—social science might analyze how governments work and how policies affect people, while humanities might explore how political events are represented in literature and art.

47. Social Sciences and Humanities Things in common: 3. Study Human Nature: Both examine human nature and behavior from different angles. Example: Both study psychology—social science focuses on psychological theories and practices, while humanities might look at how psychological themes are portrayed in novels or films.

48. Social Sciences and Humanities Things in common: 3. Study Human Nature: Both examine human nature and behavior from different angles. Example: Both study psychology—social science focuses on psychological theories and practices, while humanities might look at how psychological themes are portrayed in novels or films.

49. Social Sciences VS Humanities Social Science: Historical Influence: Developed after the French Revolution and the Industrial Revolution. Example: Social sciences like sociology emerged to understand the changes in society due to industrialization.

50. Social Sciences VS Humanities Social Science: Scientific Approach: Uses scientific methods to study human behavior, often with experiments and data. Example: In psychology, researchers might conduct experiments to understand how people react to different stimuli.

51. Social Sciences VS Humanities Social Science: Empirical Methodology: Relies on objective methods and measurements, like using surveys and statistical tests. Example: A social scientist might use surveys to collect data and analyze it to understand social trends.

52. Social Sciences VS Humanities Humanities: Historical Influence: Emerged earlier, around the 15th century, focusing on cultural and philosophical questions. Example: The study of classical literature and philosophy from the Renaissance period.

53. Social Sciences VS Humanities Humanities: Philosophical Approach: More about interpreting and understanding human experiences, culture, and art. Example: Analyzing a Shakespearean play to explore themes of human nature and morality.

54. Social Sciences VS Humanities Humanities: Interpretative Methodology: Uses subjective methods to explore meaning and heritage, like analyzing texts and artworks. Example: A historian might interpret ancient texts to understand the cultural context of past societies.

55. Functions of Social Sciences and Humanities

56. Functions of Social Sciences To analyze, explain, and possibly predict and produce new knowledge of factual information -studying information to understand it better, explain it clearly, and use it to make predictions or discover new facts. Example: In weather forecasting, scientists analyze data from weather instruments, explain how it affects the forecast, and use it to predict future weather conditions.

57. Functions of Social Sciences To generate and produce new knowledge or factual information -creating new information or discovering new facts that weren’t known before. Example: In medicine, researchers might conduct experiments to find a new treatment for a disease, generating new knowledge about how the treatment works and its effects on patients.

58. Function of Humanities To better appreciate the meaning and purpose of the human experience - both broadly in the nature of the human condition, as well as within each individual -understanding and valuing what it means to be human, both in general and for each person. Example: Reading novels can help you appreciate the human experience by showing different perspectives on life, emotions, and struggles. For instance, a novel about someone's journey through hardship can help you understand and empathize with their personal experiences, while also reflecting on broader human conditions like resilience and hope.