discussion(SOE).pdfbsjejdjejheiejeirjrbr

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1. 1stdiscussion??????Inacommercialtransaction,therearespecificparticipantsinvolved..Inthecontextoftheverb"buy",thepersonwhoobtainsthegoods(the“buyer”)isseenasthemainfocusortheprimaryperspective.Theotherelementsinvolvedinthetransactionarelessprominentor“downplayed”.Heusesastagemetaphortoillustratethis.Insentence(19a),“I”andthecarareonthecenterstage,meaningtheyarethemainfocus.Here,“I”istheprimaryperspectiveandthecarissecondary.Abelardoandthemoneyareonthe“sidestage”,whichmeanstheyarenotthemainfocus.Insentence(19b),Abelardoistheprimaryperspective,whileI,thecar,andthemoneyarelessprominentordownplayed.Ifthespeakerwantstoshiftthefocustothegoods,theverb"cost"canbeused."Thecarcostsmeacertainamountofmoney".thecaristheprimaryperspective.So,theperspectiveinasentenceisaboutwhoorwhatisgiventhemostattentionorimportance.Theverbusedcanshiftthisfocus,changingthewaythesituationisperceived.2nddiscussion??????Tagalog(orFilipino)isalanguagethatusesthesameverbroot,"bili",forboth"BUY"and"SELL".Thedifferenceinperspectivebetweentheseactionsisexpressedthroughdifferentmorphologicalmarkersattachedtotheverb.Insentence(21a),theinfix"-in-"isused,whichisknownasa"GoalFocus"marker.Itsignifiesthatthemainparticipantintheclauseisthe"GOAL"ortheobjectbeingboughtorsold,suchasthecar.Ontheotherhand,insentence(21b),theprefix"na-"isused,indicatingan"ActorFocus".Thisexpressesthatthemainparticipantintheclauseisthe"ACTOR",referringtothepersonperformingthebuyingorsellingaction,suchas"I".InEnglish,theverbs"buy"and"sell"accomplishasimilartaskoffocusingondifferentparticipants.However,inEnglish,weuseseparateverbstoconveytheseperspectives,whereasinTagalog,theperspectivesareexpressedthroughmorphologicalchangesontheverbitself.3rd??????Intheseexamplesthesameverb,leneninitsbaseform,translatesasEnglishlendwhenthepersonwhoreceivesthedollaristheDirectObject,butborrowwhenthepersonwhoreceivesthedollaristheSubject,andthereforeinprimaryperspective.

2. Lessprominentordownplayedsomethingthatisnotasvisible,noticeable,orwell-knownassomethingelse.Primary/SecondaryperspectiveFirstpersonpointofviewSecondpersonpointofview