DISEASE PREVENTION AND CONTROL (Communicable).pptx

Disease prevention and control " communicable diseases ". ommunicable Disease Prevention, Control, and Elimination promotes, coordinates, and implements technical cooperation activities directed toward the surveillance, prevention, control, elimination and/or reduction of communicable diseases. Most diseases are preventable to a greater or lesser degree, the chief exceptions being the idiopathic diseases, such as the inherited metabolic defects. In the case of those diseases resulting from environmental exposures, prevention is a matter of eliminating, or sharply reducing, the factors responsible in the environment. Because chemicals and other substances and materials originate largely from human activities, prevention ought to be a simple matter of the application of well-established principles of industrial hygiene. In practice, however, this is often difficult to achieve.

1. DISEASE PREVENTION AND CONTROL (Communicable) 3 rd . Quarter Health

2. Key Concept: Communicable diseases – are diseases that are transmissible from one, (person, animal, or other objects) to another. Pathogen – is an organism that causes disease to its host; also known as infectious/disease agent. Bacteria – are one-celled microscopic organisms that rank among the most widespread of living things. Some are small that a single grain of soil may contain over 100 million of them and some bacteria do not cause disease. Virus – is a small, simple life-loke form which measures one half to 100 the size of a bacterium.

3. Key Concept: Host – is a plant, animal, or a person that the parasite feeds on. Mode of transmission – is a method of transfer by which the pathogen moves or is carried from one host to another. Symptoms – are subjective manifestations of diseases such as stomachache.

4. Factors that influence Disease Transmission: Environmental factors Sanitation Food and water Pollution Climate Socio-economic factors Cultural practices Living arrangement

5. Types of pathogens and their nature: Type of Pathogen Nature Bacteria One-celled microscopic organisms that rank among the most widespread of living things. Toxin bacteria- produce a certain food poison called botulism, live in the soil enter the body through wound. Resident bacteria – live in human mouth, intestines, and skin. Resident bacteria cause infections when they move from their original resident to another. Rickettsiae Are organisms that are considered intermediate, that is, somewhere between a virus and a bacterium. Viruses Are small, simple life-like forms from one-half to 100 the size of a bacteria. Fungi Are simple organisms that cannot make their own food Protozoa Are single-celled organisms that are larger than bacteria and have a more complex cellular structure.

6. Types o f pathogens and their nature: Type of Pathogen Nature Parasitic Worms A disease causing organism that lives in humans or other animals and derives its nourishment from its host. Roundworms – hatch and live in the intestines, the eggs usually enters the body through contaminated water, food, fingers placed in the mouth. Pinworms – hatch and live in the intestines, eggs usually enter the body through the anus, nose or mouth through inhaled air or fingers that have touched a contaminated object Tapeworms – live in intestines, eggs usually enter the body via raw or uncooked beef Flukes – Live in different locations in the body, including the intestines, bladder, rectum, liver, spleen, lungs and veins.

7. Chain of Infection: Pathogen – is an organism that causes disease to its host; also known as infectious/disease agent. Reservoir – a place where pathogen thrives and reproduces such as human beings, animals, and inanimate objects such as water, table tops, and doorknobs. Portal of exit – a way for microorganism to leave the reservoir, through the nose, mouth or feces. Mode of transmission - is a method of transfer by which the pathogen moves or is carried from one host to another, through contact, respiratory droplet, air-borne, food-borne, water-borne and vector-borne

8. Chain of Infections Portal of entry – is an opening allowing the microorganism to enter the host, includes body orifices, mucus membranes or break in the skin. Susceptible host – a person who cannot resists a microorganism invading the body due to immunity

9. Mode of Transmission Mode of Transmission Examples of Diseases Preventive Measures I. Direct 1. Contact transmission Kissing Handshakes with a sick person Sleeping with someone with lice Hand, foot and mouth disease Acute conjunctivitis Scabies Head lice infestation Chickenpox Isolation for sick No human contact Proper hygiene Disinfect properly 2. Food-borne / water-borne transmission Viral gastroenteritis Cholera Hepatitis Ensure foods are adequately cooked Perform hand hygiene before meals Sick food handlers should refrain from work 3. Vector-borne transmission Dengue fever Malaria Japanese encephalitis Maintain environmental hygiene to prevent breeding of mosquitos

10. Mode of Transmission Mode of Transmission Examples of Diseases Preventive Measures II. Indirect Droplet transmission Coughing Sneezing Influenza Common cold Pneumonia infection Maintain good indoor ventilation Keep booth hands clean Cover mouth and nose when sneezing and coughing Wear mask and appropriate personal protective equipment 2. Air-borne transmission Pulmonary Tuberculosis Measles Chickenpox Maintain good indoor ventilation Seek medical advice immediately in unwell Anyone with symptoms of air-borne transmission should not go to school or work

11. ACTIVITY 1: MODE OF TRANSMISSION What are the two kinds of transmission? What are the different modes of transmission? What are some examples of communicable diseases? What are their preventive measures? Write 5 preventive measures

12. ACTIVITY 2: CHAIN OF INFECTION Make and draw the chain of infection based on your understanding of the lesson, make sure to label every parts of the chain of infection:

13. Read and analyze the article below: Peter joined the school fun run; his desires is to win so he didn’t mind if he was stepping on water wherein his feet got soaked. Even if this made him uncomfortable because his feet were very itchy, he didn’t do anything but removed his socks that evening. He hanged his pair of socks at the back of the refrigerator to dry and immediately went to sleep because he was so tired. Early that morning, his brother John saw the dried pair of socks and used it thinking that was clean.

14. Answer the following questions: What types of pathogens can cause Peter’s diseases? Where can these microorganisms thrive and reproduce? Where is the reservoir of the microorganisms? How did the microorganisms transfer to John’s body? Where did the microorganisms enter John’s body? Who is the next host?