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1. DISSERTATION REVIEW 1 SHRI VIDYA H G 203701368 IX SEM Section C Adaption & Innovation : The Role of Advanced Materials in Residential buildings, to Strengthen the Vernacular Architecture of Udupi region. [India] Keywords – Vernacular Architecture, Modern Materials, Climate-responsive, Thermal Comfort, Sustainability A bstract The study explores the impact of modern architectural transitions on thermal comfort in vernacular homes in warm-humid regions like Udupi, India. Vernacular architecture, which uses locally available materials and techniques, is characterized by its use of locally available materials and techniques. Modern architecture, on the other hand, often emphasizes aesthetics, structural innovations, and industrial materials, which can alter the thermal dynamics of buildings. A literature review and mixed-methods approach were used to compare traditional homes with modern ones. Results showed that vernacular dwellings have superior thermal performance due to their design strategies, such as orientation, natural ventilation, shading devices, and the thermal mass of building materials. These homes maintain cooler indoor temperatures and stable humidity levels, providing a comfortable living environment. However, modern dwellings often suffer from heat retention and inadequate ventilation, leading to higher indoor temperatures and discomfort during peak summer months. The study also highlights the socio-cultural aspects influencing the adoption of modern architectural styles and the gap in awareness among architects and builders regarding the thermal advantages of vernacular techniques. It recommends an integrative approach that blends vernacular wisdom with modern technological advancements to enhance thermal comfort in contemporary dwellings.

2. Introduction Vernacular architecture, rooted in local traditions and materials, is a sustainable building practice that reflects the cultural heritage of communities. It is a unique study of how human societies residing in Udupi region have adapted their built environments to local conditions using locally available materials and traditional building methods. However, with global climate changes and modern living standards, there is a growing need to revisit and potentially augment these traditional practices. Udupi, known as the temple town, is a place where tradition and culture are deeply rooted in the community. The buildings in Udupi are designed in a style that reflects the lifestyle of the locals. It is important for the residents to follow their own traditions and uphold their cultural heritage in the way they live and build even when incorporated with usage of advanced materials. The integration of advanced materials into vernacular architecture offers a promising pathway for adaptation and innovation. These materials, known for their superior durability, thermal insulation, and environmental impact, can address limitations of traditional materials while preserving the cultural integrity of vernacular structures.

3. Literature Review S.N . TITLE AUTHOR YEAR METHODOLOGY ABSTRACT INFERENCE 1. Impact of modern transition on thermal comfort in vernacular dwellings in warm-humid climate of Sugganahalli (India) Vivek Shastry, Monto Mani, Rosangela Tenorio 2012 The study investigates the impact of modern construction practices on thermal comfort and energy in Sugganahalli, a rural vernacular community in South India Results show that modern changes increase indoor temperatures by over 7°C, requiring active air-conditioning, and that thermal sensation votes lie outside the extended thermal comfort boundary for hot developing countries. 2. Review of energy efficient features in vernacular architecture for improving indoor thermal comfort conditions S.S. Chandel, Vandna Sharma , Bhanu M. Marwah 2016 This study reviews vernacular architecture research to identify energy-efficient features affecting indoor thermal comfort conditions. The study also examines vernacular architecture in India, including the Himalayan state of Himachal Pradesh. Key features include built mass design, orientation, space planning, openings, and sun provision. Earth, a low-compressive material, is used due to its thermal insulation. An emerging architectural style is identified, incorporating thermal comfort, energy efficiency, passive solar features, and current design techniques. Further research is needed to improve earth's strength and durability. 3. The urban sustainable structure of the vernacular city and its modern transformation: A case study of the popular architecture in the Saharian Region Nawal Benslimane, Ratiba Wided Biara 2019 This paper explores the transformation of the city of Bechar over the past 50 years, focusing on understanding the urban structure and heritage, traditional design principles, and sustainability materials to revive urban sustainable vernacular cities. Modern European urban planning has led to the demolition of historic Islamic cities, resulting in a loss of identity due to the absence of architectural heritage values, ignorance of local climate, and lack of integration.

4. Literature Review S.NO TITLE AUTHOR YEAR METHODOLOGY ABSTRACT INFERENCE 4. Effects of Changes in Traditional Agroecosystems on Vernacular Dwellings: the Occupants’ Perspective J. Julian Cruz-Cortes, Julia E. Fraga, Miguel A. Munguia 2019 The study explores the impact of transforming traditional agroecosystems on perishable materials used in vernacular dwellings in a Maya community in central Yucatan, Mexico. Traditional materials are primarily sourced from fragmented landholdings and intensified land use, leading to a decrease in their availability and replacement by industrially produced materials, primarily by households with limited agricultural involvement. 5. Spatial Form Analysis and Sustainable Development Research of Traditional Residential Buildings Hai-fan Wang , Shang-chia Chiou 2020 This paper explores the cultural asset of Three courtyards nine halls in eastern Zhejiang, China. The research focuses on the spatial characteristics and construction culture of these traditional dwellings, revealing their san -ho-yuan structure, symmetrical layout, and clan-based origin. The need for sustainable development of traditional residential culture by analyzing the construction and environmental elements of these dwellings. 6. Resilience of vernacular and modernising dwellings in three climatic zones to climate change Khadeeja Henna, Aysha Saifudeen , Monto Mani 2021 A study evaluates the climate-resilience of vernacular dwellings in response to three climate-change scenarios: rapid economic growth, regionally sensitive development, and structured economic growth. The study found higher resilience in vernacular dwellings.   Climate change affects buildings through extreme weather events and thermal stresses, particularly in rural India where 65% of the population consists of vernacular dwellings. Modernization, including the use of modern materials and appliances, undermines these dwellings' ability to maintain comfort.

5. Literature Review S.NO TITLE AUTHOR YEAR METHODOLOGY ABSTRACT INFERENCE 7. A Study on Design Strategies of Vernacular Architecture Based on Data Analysis of Community’s Architectural Preference PAN Xi, XIAO Xiao , SUO Jingxuan 2021 This paper investigates the architectural preferences of a Naxi ethnic community using qualitative and quantitative research methods, analyzing its characteristics and proposing strategies for contemporary vernacular architecture design. Provides architects with a comprehensive approach to vernacular architecture, focusing on community involvement and respecting their culture and tradition. This approach promotes multi-participation, positive interaction, and sustainable development in rural construction. 8. Solar Passive Design Features in the Vernacular Architecture of Telangana Aman Sharma, Tejas Pawar, Shiva Ji. 2023 This paper examines the built fabric of Kalabgoor village in Telangana, India, focusing on solar passive features like natural ventilation, spatial layout, resident activities, shading devices, form, and orientation. Climate, sociocultural setting, economy, building materials, and technical availability influence human comfort and long-term viability of building architecture. Solar passive strategies is used in traditional buildings since ancient times. Building design requires understanding the interplay between architectural textures, human behavior, culture, and environmental factors. 9. From Poor Buildings to High Performance Buildings: The Spontaneous Green Evolution of Vernacular Architecture Lihua Liang, Baohua Wen, Feng Xu, Qingxin Yang 2023 This study introduces the concept of spontaneous green evolution in vernacular architecture, focusing on the roofing of courtyards (CBR) in southern Hebei. The research analyzes the adaptability of courtyard buildings to specific conditions and living patterns, aiming to improve performance and promote sustainable development. The findings contribute to the health and comfort of existing vernacular buildings and rural human settlements, fostering a relay between professional intervention and folk wisdom.

6. Literature Review S.NO TITLE AUTHOR YEAR METHODOLOGY ABSTRACT INFERENCE 10 Thermal comfort and building energy consumption implications Liu Yang, Haiyan Yan, Joseph C. Lam 2013 Buildings contribute 40% of global energy consumption and 30% of CO2 emissions. Research shows raising summer set point temperature can save energy in air-conditioned spaces, with further studies focusing on future climate scenarios. The static PMV model is effective in air-conditioned buildings but not naturally ventilated ones. Adaptive models offer a wider range of comfort temperature, potentially saving energy and reducing peak electricity demand. Human perception of thermal environment is influenced by culture, religion, education, and experience.

7. Research Gap Identification Fieldwork and case studies in under-researched regions are lacking, necessitating more empirical studies and documentation of vernacular architecture in diverse geographical and cultural contexts , like Udupi. The preservation of vernacular architecture amidst urbanization and modernization presents significant challenges, necessitating research on advanced materials and techniques to meet modern living standards. Limited research on vernacular buildings' climate adaptability , particularly in changing climate patterns, necessitates studies on advanced materials to improve thermal performance and climate resilience. Research is needed to integrate modern materials with traditional vernacular building techniques without compromising the cultural and historical value of vernacular architecture , despite extensive study. Research Questions What are all the challenges faced in the process of preserving vernacular style of the residential building? How different design building elements affect the overall energy efficiency of a structure? What are the challenges faced to integrate the advanced materials into existing residential buildings? How will the strategies developed conserve the traditional techniques used in the building? Aim To explore advanced materials into traditional buildings of Udupi that are 150-200 years old, for the strengthening of Vernacular A rchitecture. Objectives The primary objective of this research is to investigate the role of advanced materials in the adaptation and innovation of vernacular architecture. Specifically, the study aims to: Assess the benefits of incorporating advanced materials into traditional building practices, focusing on sustainability, energy efficiency, and structural resilience. Identify challenges and barriers to the integration of advanced materials with traditional construction techniques and cultural contexts. Develop strategies for the adaptive reuse of vernacular architecture using advanced materials, ensuring that innovations respect and preserve cultural heritage.

8. Methodology To achieve this objective the paper will rely on the qualitative analysis, based on literature reviews & case studies. To i mprove thermal performance in buildings, approaches such as bio-climatic charts, dynamic simulation model, thermal sensation survey and real-time building simulation will be used. For the validation of challenges faced, long-term thermal monitoring will be carried out for the building. Using climate analysis data application, METEONORM, strategies can be followed to achieve the above objectives. IDENTIFICATION OF KEYWORDS WEEK 1 INTRODUCTION WEEK 1 BACKGROUND STUDY WEEK 1 LITERATURE REVIEW WEEK 1 RESEARCH GAP RESEARCH QUESTIONS WEEK 2 AIM & OBJECTIVES WEEK 2 SCOPE & LIMITATIONS WEEK 3 DATA COLLECTION WEEK 3 PRIMARY CASE STUDY WEEK 4 & 5 VERNACULAR ARCHITECTURE UDUPI CLIMATE ANALYSIS CLIMATE RESPONSIVE DESIGN STRATEGIES MATERIAL AND CONSTRUCTION STUDY HIREBETTU HOUSE WEEK 6 & 7 BUILDING STUDY CLIMATE ANALYSIS MATERIAL & DESIGN CONSTRUCTION PASSIVE SOLAR FEATURES PRESENT DAY SCENARIO STUDY STRATEGY WEEK 8

9. Scope Architectural Focus : It explores the role of advanced materials in enhancing residential buildings while maintaining vernacular architectural principles. Structural Intact : The innovation displayed in the design sets it apart from traditional methods. Despite the innovative approach, the structure remains unaltered, maintaining its integrity and stability. Sustainability : Evaluation of how these materials contribute to the sustainability and durability of buildings. Innovation : Investigation into innovative techniques for integrating advanced materials with traditional methods. Case Studies : Inclusion of specific case studies from the Udupi region to illustrate successful implementations. Cultural Relevance : Analysis of how the use of advanced materials aligns with the cultural and historical context of Udupi’s architecture. Limitations Geographical Limitation : The findings may not be directly applicable to regions outside Udupi. Material Availability : The study assumes the availability of advanced materials, which might not be accessible or affordable in all areas. Time Constraints : Limited time for the research might affect the depth of analysis and the number of case studies examined. Technological Limitation : The research might not cover all possible advanced materials and technologies due to constant innovation in the field. Scope of Innovation : Focus is on residential buildings; hence, the findings may not be applicable to commercial or industrial buildings. Environmental Impact : While sustainability is considered, the long-term environmental impact of using advanced materials is not deeply explored.

10. Hirebettu Mane

11. Climate Responsive Design Strategies Thermal comfort is a crucial aspect of building design, influencing the satisfaction with the environment. Various models have been proposed to define thermal comfort zones, leading to the formulation of climate-responsive design strategies. Mahoney's tables and Givoni's Bio-climatic charts are popular models that provide architects with passive design guidelines based on local climatic conditions. These models have gained popularity in the field. Rather than relying on in-depth thermal analysis or simulation, the six tables—four for entering climatic data, for comparison with the requirements for thermal comfort, and two for reading off appropriate design criteria—use easily accessible climate data and straightforward calculations to provide design guidelines. Climate-responsive design aims to minimize environmental impact, increase comfort, and minimize energy use by adapting buildings and spaces to the local climate. Passive solar design involves optimizing building orientation, window placement, and thermal mass to maximize sunlight exposure in winter and minimize it in summer, while utilizing materials that absorb, store, and release heat. Select locally sourced, recycled, and low-emission materials to reduce transportation energy, support local economies, and minimize environmental impact. Natural ventilation in buildings involves cross ventilation, stack ventilation, and operable windows, which allow air to flow through, remove heat, and enhance thermal buoyancy. High-performance insulation reduces heat transfer, air sealing prevents heat loss, and reflective roofing uses materials that reflect heat instead of absorbing it. Shading techniques include installing overhangs or awnings, using trees and plants for natural shading, and using external devices like louvers or shutters to control sunlight penetration. Daylighting techniques include using horizontal light shelves, high windows for glare reduction, and skylights for natural light in interior spaces. Utilize high-efficiency HVAC systems, incorporate renewable energy sources like solar panels, wind turbines, or geothermal systems, and implement smart controls for efficient energy use. Rainwater harvesting, permeable surfaces, and green roofs are effective methods for managing water, reducing runoff, recharging groundwater, and providing insulation on rooftops.