Distribution system

water distribution system, layouts of water distribution system, dead end system, grid iron system, ring system, radial system

1. Water distribution system By Mr. Ravi Kumar GARRE

2. Distribution system

3. Distribution system Distribution system is the part of the water works which receives the water from pumping station or from conduits and delivers it throughout the community. It includes: Reservoirs for purposes of storage Equalizing pressures Pipe lines Other appurtenances Distribution system is used to describe collectively the facilities used to supply water from its source to the point of usage.

4. Requirements of good distribution system Water quality should not get disturbed in the distribution pipes. It should be capable of supplying water at all the intended places with sufficient pressure head. It should be capable of supplying requisite amount of water during fire fighting.

5. Requirements of good distribution system The layout should be such that no consumer would be without water supply, during the repair of any section of them. All the distribution pipes should be preferably laid one metre away or above the sewer lines. It should be fairly water-tight as to keep losses due to leakage to minimum.

6. Distribution pipes are generally laid below the road pavements, and as such layouts generally follow the layouts of roads. There are four different types of layouts: Dead end system Grid iron system Circle or ring system Radial system Layouts of distribution system

7. Dead end system It is suitable for old towns and cities having no definite pattern of roads.

8. Dead end system Dead system comprises a supply main starting from the service reservoir and laid along the main road, with sub-mains running at right angles to it in both directions and laid along other roads joining the main road. Across the sub-mains run the minor distributors or branches, laid along the streets and connecting buildings and houses.

9. Dead end system Advantages: It is relatively cheap Easy determinations of discharge and pressure at any point in the system. Disadvantages: Due to many dead ends stagnation of water occurs in pipes. When repair have to be made at any part of the system, large portion of the community may be struggled.

10. Grid iron system It is suitable for cities with rectangular layout, where the water mains and branches are laid in rectangles.

11. Grid iron system It is an improvement over the dead end system. Here no dead ends, so water can circulates freely throughout the system. Mains running on main roads in one direction and sub-mains also running alike on minor roads and streets.

12. Grid iron system Advantages: Water kept in good circulation due to absence of dead ends. In the case of break down in some section, water is available from some other direction. Disadvantages: Provision of large number of joints. Exact calculation of sizes of pipes is not possible due to provision of valves on all branches.

13. Ring system This consists of cutting the entire community in to circular rectangular blocks. Looks like grid iron system due to no dead ends.

14. Ring system The determination of discharge and size of pipe are easy. Water can be supplied to any point from at least two directions. This shows that this system possesses the advantages of both of the previous sysems .

15. Radial system This system is reverse of the ring system, water flowing towards outer periphery instead of from it.

16. Radial system The area divided into different zones. The water is pumped into distribution reservoir kept in the middle of the each zone. The supply pipes are laid radially ending towards the periphery.

17. Radial system Advantages: It gives quick service. Calculation of pipe size is easy.