DNA VIRUS.pptx

What are viruses?
Viruses are tiny microscopic infectious agent that replicates only inside the living cells of an organisms.
Viruses infect all life forms, from animals and plants to microorganisms, including bacteria and archaea.
Viruses are classified in to two :
DNA containing viruses, and
RNA containing viruses.
In this topic am talking about DNA VIRUSES, i hope you learn more about it.

1. Date:7/June/2022 Topic: DNA VIRUS Presented By: Mr. Adnan Abdi

2. General Concept. A DNA virus is a virus that has a genome made of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA).They can be divided between those that have two strands of DNA in their genome, called double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) viruses, and those that have one strand of DNA in their genome, called single-stranded DNA ( ssDNA ) viruses. dsDNA viruses primarily belong to two Realms : Duplodnaviria and varidnaviria and ssDNA viruses are almost exclusively assigned to the realm:monodnaviria .

3. DNA Viruses are divided in to two major Groups... Double Stranded DNA viruses {DsDNA} Poxviridae Hepadnaviridae He rpesviridae Human papillomavirus Single Stranded DNA Viruses {SsDNA} Parvoviridae

4. Poxviridae... Pox viruses are large enveloped viruses that replacate in the cytoplasma and encode proteins for DNA Replication and gene expression. Diseases caused by pox viruses, especially smallpox, have been known about for centuries. One of the earliest suspected cases is that of Egyptian pharaoh Ramses V who is thought to have died from smallpox.

5. Cont... A century after Edward Jenner showed that the less potent cow pox could be used to effectively vaccinate against the more deadly smallpox, a worldwide effort to vaccinate everyone against smallpox began with the ultimate goal to rid the world of the plague-like epidemic. The last case of endemic smallpox occurred in Somalia in 1977. Extensive searches over two years detected no further cases.

6. Hepadnaviridae... Hepadnaviridae is a family of viruses. Humans, apes, and birds serve as natural hosts. There are currently 18 species in this family, divided among 5 genera. Its best-known member is hepatitis B virus. Diseases associated with this family include: liver infections, such as hepatitis, hepatocellular carcinomas and cirrhosis .

7. Cont... Hepatitis B is an infectious disease caused by the hepatitis B virus (HBV) that affects the liver; it is a type of viral hepatitis. It can cause both acute and chronic infection. The virus is transmitted by exposure to infectious blood or body fluids. In areas where the disease is common, infection around the time of birth or from contact with other people's blood during childhood are the most frequent methods by which hepatitis B is acquired.

8. Cont... Hepatitis B infection has been preventable by vaccination since 1982. The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends vaccination in the first day of life if possible. Two or three more vaccine doses are required at a later time for full effect. This vaccine is about 95% effective in preventing infection. About 180 countries gave the vaccine as part of national programs as of 2006.

9. Herpesviridae ... Herpesviridae is the name of a family of enveloped, double-stranded DNA viruses with relatively large complex genomes. They replicate in the nucleus of a wide range of vertebrate hosts, including eight varieties isolated in humans, several each in horses, cattle, mice, pigs, chickens, turtles, lizards, fish, and even in some invertebrates, such as oysters.

10. Human Herpes Viruses {HHV} Eight human Herpes virus species are known Herpes Simplex virus type 1 {HSV-1} Herpes simplex virus type 2 {HSV-2} Varicella zoster virus {VZV} Cytomegalovirus {CMV} Epstein-Barr virus {EBV} Human Herpes virus type 6 {HHV-6} Human Herpes virus type 7 {HHV-7} Human Herpes virus type 8 {HHV-8}

11. Human papillomavirus (HPV)  Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a viral infection that’s passed between people through skin-to-skin contact. There are over 100 varieties of HPV, more than 40 Trusted Source of which are passed through sexual contact and can affect your genitals, mouth, or throat. The virus that causes HPV infection is transmitted through skin-to-skin contact. Most people get a genital HPV infection through direct sexual contact .

12. Cont... Many people have HPV and don’t even know it, which means you can still contract it even if your partner doesn’t have any symptoms. It’s also possible to have multiple   types of HPV . In rare cases, a mother who has HPV can transmit the virus to her  baby during delivery . When this happens, the child may develop a condition called recurrent respiratory papillomatosis where they develop HPV-related warts inside their throat or airways.

13. Cont... Most cases of HPV go away on their own, so there’s no treatment for the infection itself. Instead, your doctor will likely want to have you come in for repeat testing in a year to see if the HPV infection persists and if any cell changes have developed that need further follow-up.

14. Parvoviridae . What is parvovirus? What is a parvovirus infection (parvovirus B19)? The parvovirus in humans is different than the one by the same name found in dogs and cats. Humans get a different type: B19. Parvovirus B19 is a common infectious disease that is spread from person to person and most often results in no or very mild symptoms. The virus sometimes targets the cells that mature into red blood cells. Infection causes a temporary stoppage of the production of these cells. The effect of this stoppage is only apparent in individuals who don’t produce normal red blood cells.

15. Cont... The parvovirus causes  fifth disease also known as “slapped cheek” disease, which is very common in school-aged children How is a parvovirus infection spread? Human parvovirus is present in the nasal mucus, spit or saliva. The virus can be spread through airborne droplets when an infected person coughs or sneezes. It may also spread through blood or contaminated blood products. Pregnant women who have been infected with parvovirus can spread the virus to the fetus through the placenta.