Document of transport across membrane system

Transport across membrane system

2. INTRODUCTION
The cell membrane is made up of phosphate group, protein
,carbohydrates ,lipid bilayer etc.

3. Lipid soluble substances, water & urea can easily
pass through the lipid bilayer of the cell membrane.
The lipid bilayer of the cell membrane is
impermeable to
lipid insoluble substance such as ions & charges or
polar molecules like g lucose.
These substances pass through specialized protein
channels, carrier proteins and active pump
mechanism.

6. PASSIVE TRANSPORT
It is a naturally occurring phenomenon and do not require any
energy.

8. MOMENT OF WATER MOLECULES FROM HIGHER
CONCENTRATION TO LOWER CONCENTRATION

9. ACROSS THE MEMBRANE.
FACILITATED DIFFUSION
Passive movement of molecules along the

10. It is a selective process means membrane allows only
selective molecules and ions pass through it.
Secondary active transports:

13. ACTIVE TRANSPORT

14. PRIMARY ACTIVE TRANSPORT
They use the energy directly from the hydrolysis of ATP.
It includes ;
SODIUM POTASSIUM PUMP
CALCIUM PUMP
HYDROGENPOTASSIUM PUMP

15. SODIUM POTASSIUM PUMP

Present in all eukaryotic cells.

16. The three sodium ions bind to the protein channel and
release the ions out of the cell.
And two potassium ions binds to the protein channel and
enters into the cell.
Here ATP converts into ADP & Pi .
Pi means inorganic phosphate which helps to movement of
ions into & out of membrane.

17. CALCIUM PUMP

18. SECONDARY ACTIVE TRANSPORT
Energy utilised in the transport of one substance
helps in the movement of the other substance.

19. VESICULAR TRANSPORT
ENDOCYTOSIS:
It is a cellular process in which substance are brought into the

20. TYPES OF ENDOCYTOSIS

PHAGOCYTOSIS;
Ex: White blood cells surround and engulf bacteria .

21. PINOCYTOSIS:
Ex: Amino acids, fatty acids.
Receptor mediated endocytosis:
Ex:
Nerve growth factor, vitamins, hormones, HIV virus entering the T cell.
EXOCYTOSIS
The process by which cells move materials from with in the cell into the
extracellular fluid.