Documentation on mosque of PUNJAB

documentation on old mosques of PUNJAB i.e. MANAKPUR SHARIF, SIRHIND

1. DOCUMENTATION
MANAKPUR SHAREEF, KHIJRABAD
SADNA QASAI MOSQUE, SIRHIND
TOMB OF USTAD, SIRHIND
TOMB OF SHAGIRD, SIRHIND

2. CONTENTS
1.MANAKPUR SHAREEF
•INTRODUCTION AND POLITICAL HISTORY 1
•SITE PLAN 3
•GATEWAY - 4-11
•FRONT ELEVATION
•REAR ELEVATION
•SECTION
•DETAILS
•MATERIALS

•MAIN TOMB- 12-18
•PLAN
•ELEVATION
•SECTION
•DETAILS

•MAIN MOSQUE- 19-27
•PLAN
•ELEVATION
•SECTION
•DETAILS

•PLAN
•ELEVATION
•SECTION
•DETAILS

2. INTRODUCTION AND POLITICAL HISTORY OF SIRHIND 28-29
•TOMB OF USTAD 30-40
•PLAN
•ELEVATION
•SECTION
•DETAILS

•TOMB OF SHAGIRD 41-48
•MOSQUE OF SADNA QASAI 49-52
•PLAN
•ELEVATION
•SECTION
•DETAILS

3. The study of the structures has been conducted and completed within a bound time frame of three
months and it has been an excellent exercise of co-operation and co-ordination among a number of
people from various walks of life. It was ambitious to undertake this study .

For all those who have participated in all the stages of this study, the ultimate aim and motivation
has been the desire to study ancient construction principles,methods and materials.

Every study has its limitations and we have faced some limitations in carrying out measurement and
conducting a detailed study. Thus this is a visual inspection limited in scope by the following
conditions: structural components concealed behind finished surfaces could not be inspected and
only representative samplings of visible structural components were inspected.

The project emphasizes on learning methodology to study the historic places by practicing a
systematic approach to prepare inventory and doing documentation of a historic site & structure to
understand the spatial form, architecture and traditional construction techniques employed in the
historic structure. The objective of the project is to explore the methodology for practicing and
intervening in the historic site/structure. It will develop an understanding of the significance of
historic sites/structures and assessment of their related issues.
PREFACE

4. MANAKPUR SHARIF VILLAGE
• Manakpur Sharif is a village
panchayat located in the SAS
Nagar district of Punjab
state,India.
• The latitude 30.75 and
longitude 76.78 are the
geocoordinate of the Manakpur
Sharif.
•Punjabi is the Local Language
here.
•This is a small village in mohali
district . The village Manakpur
Sharif in Distt Mohali of Punjab
is known for its old historical
Mosque, before the partition
of India and Pakistan in 1947.

• The population of this
village was predominantly
Muslim.

•The mosque is known as
Dargah of Hazrat Hafiz Musa
Manakpur Chishti Sabri R.A.
who is Murshid of Hazrat Shah
Khamosh Hyderabdi R.A

BRIEF HISTORY
ACCESSIBILTY
• Manakpur Sharif is a Village in
Majri Tehsil in S.a.s Nagar District
of Punjab State, India.

• It is located 36 KM towards west
from District head quarters
Sahibzada Ajit Singh Nagar and 40
KM from State capital Chandigarh.

•This Place is in the border of the
S.a.s Nagar District and Jalandhar
District.

•Morinda Rail Way Station , New
Morinda Rail Way Station are the
very nearby railway stations to
Manakpur Sharif. How ever
Chandigarh Rail Way Station is
major railway station 44 KM near to
Manakpur Sharif.

• The closest airport to the city is
located at the city Chandigarh. It is
an international airport which is
well connected to all the major
cities of our country. From there
the city is best
approached by
road.

CLIMATE,RAINFALL
AND SOIL
•The climate of is characterized
by its general dryness (except in
the south-west monsoon
season), a hot summer and a
bracing cold winter. The year
may be divided into four
seasons.
• The south-west monsoon
season commences late in June
and continues up to about
middle of September.
•The temperature ranges from
minimum of 4° C in winter to 45°
C in summer. Relative humidity is
high, averaging about 70 percent
during monsoon. The average
annual rainfall in district is 775.6
mm. About 78 percent of the
annual rainfall is received during
the period from June to
September.

• The soils of the District vary in
texture generally from loam to
silty clay loam.
VILLAGE MANKPUR
SHARIF
MOSQUE COMPLEX
AT MANAKPUR
SHARIF
(before
independence)
AVERAGE TEMP PER YEAR
1.

5. MANAKPUR SHARIF MOSQUE COMPLEX
Also known as Dargah of Hazrat Hafiz Musa Manakpur Chishti Sabri
R.A. who is Murshid of Hazrat Shah Khamosh Hyderabdi R.A.
LOCATION
LOCATION OF MANAKPUR
SHARIF IN PUNJAB
LOCATION OF MANAKPUR
SHARIF NEAR S.A.S. NAGAR
AND CHANDIGARH
The blue line depicts the way to the site from sector
43 bus stand, Chandigarh. This site is approached by
village Kuberi road connecting Chandigarh-Kurali road
further leading to NH3. It is at a distance of 36.4km
from bus stand.
POLITICAL MAP OF INDIA
LOCATING PUNJAB
DOTTED LINE DEPICTING THE
VILLAGE BOUNDARY
APPROACHED BY KUBERI ROAD
NEARBY LANDMARKS
Paroul bus stand -5.5 km
Kurali railway station -11km
Mianpur railway station-13km
S.A.S. nagar railway station-21km
2.

6. SITE PLAN
• The site is located in tehsil Majri.
• Approached by village kuberi road.
• The complex is north-south oriented
where the tomb and gateway are
south facing whereas the mosque is
east facing.
• Total site area is 111010 sq.ft.
• Usable or covered area is 56234 sq.
ft.
• Mainly composed of three main
structures i.e. The main entrance
gateway, the tomb and the mosque.
• Also consisting of a small pool,
water tank, public toilets, stores and
kitchen hall.
• There is a huge pool in front of this
complex covering the area of 36000
sq ft. approx.

SITE PLAN
SATELLITE
VIEW OF SITE
ENTRANCE
GATEWAY
TOMB
MOSQUE
3.

7. ENTRANCE GATEWAY
• The whole structure measures 66’x25’.
• The plan is mirror along the centre line.
• The structure has been raised to 7” from road level.
• The ground floor has two stores on either side measuring 10’-0”x 6’-0”.
• On the front side , the entrance is 9’-9” wide and 2’-1” deep in the form of Tudor arch which
further widens up to 11’-3” wide and 5’-2.5” deep.
• The internal chamber is rectangle in shape measuring 13’-6.5”x 15’-3”.
• On either side of internal chamber there is room pierced by three equal arches that are 3’-0”
wide and 2’-3” deep.
• On the rear side, the exit is 11’-0.5” wide and 2’-1.5” deep further shortens up to
9’-6.5” wide and 1’9” deep.



PLAN
4.

8. FRONT ELEVATION
•The front elevation is highly ornamented composed of niches and arches.
•The whole structure is a combination of both Mughal and Rajasthani architecture
•It is a t storeyed high structure surmounted by a beautiful Bengali Chhatri .
•Each storey is almost 12’-2” high soaring upto a total height of 52’-9” including the finial of Bengali
chhatri.
• Entrance arch is a four-centred arch.
•The central multi foilated arch is achieved through pseudo stalactite.
•Rectangular frames and blind arches are recessed to add to the elevational features
•Two octagonal pillars on either side of the central projected area with 1’-2” side.
•There is a combination of three blind arches on each storey constructed in a rectangular frames as an
elevational feature
•On first and second floor each blind arch has a jharokha in it depicting Rajasthani architecture.
•These arches springs from the pillasters.


FOUR CENTRED
ARCH
MULTIFOIL
ARCH
MULTIFOIL BLIND
ARCH WITH
RECTANGULAR
FRAME
JHAROKHA
PILLASTER
BENGALI
CHHATRI
OCTAGONAL
PILLARS
ELEVATIONS
SEGMENTAL
ARCH
5.

9. •Less ornamented in comparison to front elevation.
•This elevation is facing towards the tomb inside.
•Same pattern is followed as on the front but with comparatively less jharokhas.
•No jharaokhas are created on ground and first floor.
•There is a combination of just rectangular frames and blind arches on these two floors.
•Central part of the façade has column of recessed panels on the either side of the
combination of rectangular frame and blind arches.
•The two side pillars stands on a pedestral with 1’-0” side
FOUR CENTRED
ARCH
MULTIFOIL
ARCH
MULTIFOIL BLIND
ARCH WITH
RECTANGULAR
FRAME
JHAROKHA
RECESSED
PANELS
PILLASTER
REAR ELEVATION
•Bengali chhatri with three
finials on the top of it and
two small burjis on side.
•It is rectangular in plan
where both the front and
rear elevations are same.
6.

10. CENTRAL
PROJECTED
PART
SIDE RECESSED
PART
MIRROR LINE
TRIPPLE STOREYED
FACADE
DESIGNING OF ELEVATION
BLIND ARCHES
WITH RECTANGULAR
FRAME
7.

11. C
DETAILS
JHAROKHA
IN FRONT
FACDE
JHAROKHA
IN REAR
FACADE
•Jharokha on front façade is
comparatively more ornamented.
•Melon form dome is achieved.
•Front façade jharokhas are also
comaparatively wider than from
rear one
Trifoiled blind arches within rectangular
frame are made in the central part of
front facade
TRIFOIL
ARCH
Elevational part of ground floor on both
the facades is composed of rectangular
recessed frams with multi foil blind
arches
•Different form of
jharokhas are made in
the combination of
three arches resting on
pillasters on
subsequent floors.
•These all are just
elevational feature of
the strucure thus
enhancing the beauty
of the entrance
gateway
JHAROKHAS ON FIRST AND SECOND FLOOR
8.

12. SECTIONAL ELEVATION OF INTERNAL CHAMBER
•On the either side of internal chamber there is a room pierced by three multifoil arches 3’-0”
wide and 2’-3” deep with column in between.
•The internal chamber is double height having topmost point at 25-6”.
•The three arch system is separated by a row of panels each measuring 1’-0”x1’-5”.
•These three arches have springing point at 4’-9” height further achieving the rise of 1’-9”.
•The room is raised up to a level of 2’-6” high.
•The domical ceiling is achieved by pendentives on four columns.
•Pendentives are achieved by huge Tudor or four centered arch on each side of the chamber.
•Each arch is 23’-10” high having springing point at 16’-0” height and have a rise of. 7’-0”

THE SPANDREL OF ABOVE ARCHES ARE MORE ORNAMENTED THAN LOWER ONE
SPANDREL
SPRINGING
POINT
RISE
INTERNAL CHAMBER
9.

13. QUASE FOUR CENTRED ARCH
•Quase four centred arch has
been used on the either side of
the chamber to enclose the
combination three arches given
on ground floor and first floor.
•This arch is achieved through
pendentives on the corners
which further helps to achieve
the domical roof .
•Rectangular panels with floral
pattern inside is painted within
this arch.
•A fixed geometrical pattern is
painted on the ceiling using
organic colours.
•Also the floral pattern is used in
between.
•Repetition of arcs using centre
point as a common point, a
rhombus is achieved whose size
increases as we move outward.
•Colours like blue , orange , green
and red are primarily used.
RECTANGULAR PANELS WITH
FLORAL PATTERN INSIDE
ARCH SUPPORTED
BY TWO PILLARS
10.

14. MATERIALS
• Materials in architecture is
responsible for providing both the
color and texture to a composition.
• The primary construction
materials used in this entrance
gateway
are Nanak Shahi bricks, Lime
mortar, paints, surkhi, organic
colours.
•Walls are constructed of Nanak
Shahi bricks(24 x 12 x 3.5 cm) and
lime mortar

•Red surkhi is applied to the
surface to get red colour.
•Orange, white and green
colours are applied to the wall
making it aesthetically pleasing.

•Flooring has been done with Nanak shahi bricks using
lime mortar and surkhi
•All paintings in the internal chamber are as old as the
structure is…
•No artificial colours ahs been used..
•Organic colours has been used to make
all floral patterns on walls and ceiling.
FLORAL PATTERNS WITH ORGANIC COLOURS
WHITE ,ORANGE ,RED ANG GREEN COLOURS
PAINTED ON THE WALL S OF FRONT AND REAR
FACADE
NANAKSHAHI BRICK WORK ON FLOORING
11.

15. CENTRAL
PROJECTED
PART
SIDE RECESSED
PART
MIRROR LINE
TRIPPLE STOREYED
FACADE
DESIGNING OF ELEVATION
BLIND ARCHES
WITH RECTANGULAR
FRAME
11.
ANALYSIS

16. FRONT ELEVATION ARCH AT A
A
B
ARCH AT ‘B’
TYPE:FOUR CENTERED
ARCH
TOTAL HEIGHT:14’-3”
SPRINGING POINT:9’-3”
RISE:5’-0”
ARCH AT C
ARCH AT D
TYPE: SEGMENTAL ARCH
TOTAL HEIGHT:26’-1.5”
SPRINGING POINT: 20’-6”
RISE: 5’-7.5”
A’
TYPE: QUASE FOUR
CENTERED ARCH
TOTAL HEIGHT:23’-5”
SPRINGING POINT:18’-9”
RISE:4’-7.5”
TYPE: TRIFOILATED ARCH
TOTAL HEIGHT:5’-7.5”
SPRINGING POINT: 4’-3”
RISE: 1’-4.5”
TYPE: MULTIFOILATED ARCH
TOTAL HEIGHT: 5’-6’
SPRINGING POINT:4’-3”
RISE1’-3”
ARCH AT A’
TYPE: MULTIFOILATED ARCH
TOTAL HEIGHT: 25’-0”
SPRINGING POINT:15’-1.5”
RISE: 9’-10.5”
INTERNAL ELEVATION
TYPES OF ARCHES
12

17. MASS-VOID
VOID
MASS
FRONT ELEVATION
REAR ELEVATION
MASS-VOID
VOID
MASS
92%
MASS-VOID RELATIONSHIP
8%
91%
9%
13

18. PRINCIPLES OF DESIGN
AXIS
SYMMETRY SYMMETRY
HIERARCHY
SIZE OF ARCHES DECREASES AS WE MOVE INWARD
REPITION
14
REPITITION OF ARCHES ON BOTH THE SIDES .
THEREFORE, MAINTAINING RHYTHM AND SYMMETRY.

19. PRINCIPLES OF DESIGN
AXIS
SYMMETRY SYMMETRY
HIERARCHY: IMPORTANT ELEMENTS LIKE MAIN
GATEWAY IS PLACED AT CENTRE WITH MORE
EMPHASIS IN COMPARISON TO OTHERS
REPITITION/RHYTHM: REPITITION OR RHYTHM IS
THERE BOTH HVERTICALLY AND HORIZONTALLY .
SCALE:THE SCALE IS MONUMENTAL SCALE
TO GIVE THE GRANDEOUR EFFECT TO THE
COMPLEX MAIN ENTRANCE
R
E
P
I
T
I
O
N
15

20. 4 entrances
Enclosed square plan
Surrounded by
enclosed verandah
Maqbarah covered by
dome
MANAKPUR SHARIF TOMB
INTRODUCTION
Out of five specific Indo-Islamic types , Manakpur Sharif
Tomb comes under “TYPE B”.
This type consists :
An enclosed square
With one, three or four entrances and may be
surrounded by a covered verandah of one or two
aisles.
Characterized by solid masonry walls covered by a
dome without a surrounding verandah.
Generally consists of single storey.
DESIGNING:
•Overall composition of plan is governed by an
emphasis on bi-lateral symmetry and the central
axis denoting the most significant space in the
complex.
•Axiality in the composition of both plan and
elevation are universal feature of Islamic tomb and
are meant to suggest a powerful relating device.
•VISION: The tomb constructed on platform when
reached the view narrows.
•Upon the ascension of the platform
the field of vision is narrowed once
more and focused on arched entry
way.
BASIC TYPOLOGY:
12.

21. PLINTH
21
Open area
11650.8 sqft
Built-up area
1700 sqft
PLINTH DESIGN:
•Tomb is built on the 7’-3” high platform which is
designed to serve the function as well as to add to
the aesthetics of the tomb ,gives grandeur effect.
Platform is irregular in shape.
Tomb is not located centrally on the platform, but
lies straight in direction of main entrance gate.
There are smaadhis on both side of platform
including one small tomb.

PLINTH
KEY PLAN
13.

22. PLAN
22
FLOOR PLANS:


KEY
PLAN
GROUND FLOOR PLAN
GROUND FLOOR PLAN
TERRACE FLOOR PLAN
AREA
CHART
•Tomb lie on a 7’-3” high platform
approached by a flight of steps. Area of
platform 13350 sq ft.
•Square in plan measure 41’-9⅟2” x40’-
8”.
•Tomb consist of a corridor and main
shrine . Shrine measures 520 sq ft. Area
of corridor is 695 sq ft.
•Tomb consist of three arched opening
on all four side. Main shrine consist of
three niches one on each side and an
arched opening.
•In the center is smaadhi which rest on
platform of 10’-5”x7’-9” The main
shrine is covered by dome, affected by
erecting a squinch arch in each corner.






14.

23. ELEVATION

•While designing the elevation of the tomb various principles
would have been kept in mind, for example
rhythm,symmetry,harmony,balance with respect to proportion.
•All the sides (individually) are mirror along the central axis.
•Monotony of the façade is broken by providing different
•arch at the Centre.
•The central arches (cusped arch) are kept common on all the
four sides..
• The four corners of the square are chamfered by providing
thick columns which adds more beauty to the white tomb.
• The pillars between the arches are decorated by providing
series of panels.
• The front façade is given more attention by providing horizontal
panels for calligraphy.
ELEVATION:


Use of two different cusped arches
Use of panels
between arches
Use of cusped
arch
Heavily decorated arch
marks entrance
Internal elevation
Heavily
Decorated
minarets
Use of calligraphy

•Although it’ is a single storey structure, but the proportions
adopted makes it look grandeur and the white paint used
compliments the concept.
•Series of cusped arches are provided at the terrace surmounted
by fluted minarets which varies in height with lower minarets.
•Further 9 gumbads are erected on the row of arches which
marks the octagonal drum with a dome.
•The dome is decorated by white and green mosaic tiles and is
highlighted by the presence of finial.
Series of cusped arch along with fluted minarets
Use of mosaic tiles
Finial
Use of inverted
petals on gumbad
15.

24. SECTIONAL ELEVATION

•Cusped arches as
at entrances and
Tudor arches for
niches are used .
•Dome rests on
octagonal base
formed by the
squinch.


SMAADHI
DOME COVERING
MAIN SHRINE
USE OF SQUINCH
USE OF CUSPED
ARCH
SECTIONAL
ELEVATION:
16.

25. STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS
Construction of Tudor arch
Construction of Basket arch
Construction of Cusped arch
STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS:



•A dome is an element of architecture that resembles the hollow
upper half of a sphere.
•Onion-shaped dome made up of Nanak-Shahi brick.
•Dome rests oh octagonal base formed by the squinches at each
corner of the square.
•To build the dome squinches may be formed by masonry built
out from the angle in the corbelled coarse by filling the corner
with a vice placed diagonally or by building number of corbelled
arches diagonally cross the corner
DOME:
Construction
ARCHES IN STRUCTURE:
Arch in a structure that spans a space that supports the structure
below it .
•CUSPED ARCH: Formed by the intersection of lobed or scalloped
forms. This arch is observed in the entrance arch openings.
•TUDOR ARCH: Four centered arch also known as depressed arch, a
low, wide type of arch with the pointed apex. This is observed in
the internal niches
•BASKET ARCH:A three centered arch that is somehow flattened
giving the effect of false ellipse. Observed in the side elevation of
tomb.
Cusped arch Basket arch Tudor arch
17.

26. MATERIALS USED:
Materials used in building play a major role
both structurally and aesthetically.
•The primary construction materials used in
the tomb are bricks, lime mortar, lime
surkhi. They are categorized as below:


MATERIALS USED
WALLS:

•Bricks:Nanak Shahi(24X12X3.5cm &
23x12x3.5cm)
•In internal walls, there is a possibility of only
mud/sand mortar being used primarily as the
binding agent.
•No signs of reinforcement provided
DOME:

•Bricks:Nanak Shahi(24X12X3.5cm & 23x12x3.5cm)
•Mortar:Lime mortar+Surkhi
•Mosaic Tiles has been used on the exterior façade of the
dome (after independence)specifically of white and green
colour,colour of Islam
•And the interior of dome is painted with natural organic
colors.

FLOORING:
•The flooring of the structure is not in its original state at
most of the places.
•Ground floor: The flooring has been done with the
Marble with grey granite used as a highlighter
•First floor/Terrace floor: Brick tiles are used with a
thin finishing on top. Fungal growth on the floor as
well.

MAIN SHRINE:
•The maqbarah is surrounded by
carved marble jali of height 1’-6”
• Niches are painted with organic
colors
•Flooring is done with marble

18.

27. ANALYSIS (TOMB)
90%
10%
MASS VOID
88%
12%
MASS VOID
FRONT ELEVATION
PLAN (TOMB)
FRONT ELEVATION
SIDE ELEVATION
Circulation
area
965.36 sq ft
Area
under
wall
550.8 sq
ft
Smaadhi
80 sq ft
Circulation
area
965.36 sq ft
Area
under
wall
550.8 sq
ft
Circulation
area
965.36 sq ft
Area
under
wall
550.8 sq
ft
Circulation
area
965.36 sq ft
Area
under
wall
550.8 sq
ft
Built-up
Open area
Open area
11650.8 sqft
Built-up area
1700 sqft

28. ARCHES IN STRUCTURE:
Cusped arch Basket arch Tudor arch
ARCHES IN FRONT ELEVATION
PRINCIPLE OF DESIGN
HIERARCHY :
•CENTERALLY PLACED ON RAISED PLINTH WRT TO COMPLEX.
•MAIN PLACE OF WORSHIP.

SCALE :
• SCALE IS MONUMENTAL
•GIVE GRANDEOUR EFFECT.
•TOMB REST ON A RAISED PLINTH.

RHYTHM:
•RHYTHM CAN BE SEEN IN ELEVATION
•REPITITION OF PARTICALAR ARCHES
AFTER FIXED INTERVAL.

SYMMETRY:
•SYMMETRY IN BOTH PLAN AND ELEVATION.
•BILATERALLY SYMETTRICAL.






TOMB
CENTRALLY
PLACED
TOMB
TOMB RESTING
ON RAISED
PLATFORM
MONUMENTAL
SCALE
REPETITION OF
ARCHES IN FRO
NT ELEVATION

29. THE MOSQUE
SYMMETRY-

THE MOSQUE IS SYMMETRICAL ALONG THE CENTRAL AXIS BOTH IN PLAN AS
WELL AS ELEVATION.
THE ISLAMIC ARCHITECTURE HAS USED VARIOUS PRINCIPLES OF DESIGN IN THEIR
STRUCTURES, SUCH AS SYMMETRY, RHYTHM /REPITITION, AND HIERARCHY ETC.
IN PLAN -
IN ELEVATION-

30.  REPITITION/ RHYTHM

REPETITION OF ARCH
REPETITION OF
PANES WITH ALLAS
IN THEM
CO
REPETITION OF NICHES
CO
CO
CO

31.  THREE BAY MOSQUE PLAN

I.E., MOSQUE DIVIDED INTO THREE PARTS , WITH NAVE AT THE CENTRE AND AISLES
ON ITS BOTH SIDES.
 ELEVATION CLEARLY SHOWING THE THREE BAY MOSQUE
PLANNING TYPOLOGY.

32. VOID VOID
 AREA ANALYSIS

33%
67%
wall area open area
 MASS AND VOID RELATIONSHIP, VERY WELL DEFINED
VOID
 LOCAL NAMES OF VARIOUS ELEMENTS USED

 ARCH - DAAT
 NICHES- AALA
 MINARETS- BURJIS
THE DEAD LOAD OF DOME AND THE
ROOF ABOVE IS TRANSFERRED
THROUGH VAULTED CEILING TO
PENDENTIVES TO THICK WALL AND
FINALLY TO GROUND.

 LOAD TRANSFER

33. Introduction

•The mosque is on east side of the complex.
•The overall dimensions of mosque are 44’1”X31’9”.
•In its front there is WUDHU, the place for washing feet before entering the mosque.
•The mosque has 27’-9”x 20’-9” pond on its north at distance 35’-1” in front of it.
•The mosque is a three bay mosque , with nave measuring
• 10’-9”x14’-0” And aisle measuring 10’-3”x14’-0”
•The mosque is horizontally divided into 2 parts – the main sanctuary 35’-7”x14’-0” and the verandah
35’-7”x11’-7”
•The main sanctuary has 3 domes with pendentives, one above the nave and two above the aisles with
vaulted ceiling.
•The verandah has flat ceiling.
•The mosque is raised to 2.5” from surrounding platform



THE MOSQUE
N
19.

34. SPATIAL ANALYSIS -
SANCTUARY
•The sanctuary measures 35’-7”x14’-0”.
•The sanctuary is pierced by 2 arched openings with
springing point 6’-11.5” from plinth , rise 3’-2.5 and 2’-2”
wide.
•The qibla wall has three arched niches, the arches are drop
arches i.e double centered arches each 3’-1” wide and
1’-3” deep with springing point at 4’-2.5” from plinth and
rise 2’-2”.
• The side arched niches are 3’-11” wide and 2’-4” deep
with springing point 4’-2.5” from plinth and rise 2’-2”
•The arched niches have perforations to admit light and air.
•The sanctuary has vaulted ceiling of height 14’-8.5” from
ground with dome above
•The arch forming the vaulted ceiling above ceiling have
springing point 6’-11.5” from plinth and rise 3’-2.5”
•Sanctuary has small niches ( aale ) 11”x1’-9” and 8” deep
to keep diyas.
•The walls of sanctuary are simply decorated with flowers
and petals.
MEHRAB-

•The centre of Qibla wall has semi octagonal recess which
forms the mehrab.
•The mehrab has double centered arch with spring point at
3’-10” from plinth ,rise 3’-3” and rise and depth 3’-6”.
•The mimbar has 3 steps, each 3” high and 1’-6” wide.



Perforations for light
And air Vaulted ceiling
Arched openings piercing
sanctuary
Simple decoration of
Flowers and petals.
Semi octagonal mehrab
Double centered arch
Of Mimbar.
VERANDAH-
•The verandah measures 35’-7”x11’-7”.
•The verandah is pierced by 2 arched openings with
springing point 6’-11.5” from plinth, rise 3’-2.5” and 2’-4”
wide.
•The verandah has 3 arched doorways leading to main
sanctuary with drop arches i.e double centered arches .
•The doorways leading to aisles are 3’-11.5” wide, 2’-9”
deep with springing point 3’-9” from plinth , rise 2’-7”.
•The doorway leading to nave is 4’-3” wide, 2’-9” deep
with springing point 4’-4.5” and rise 2’-7.5”.
•The side arched niches are 4’ wide , 2’-4” deep with
springing point 3’-9” and rise 2’-7” with 5”x5” brick
perforation to admit light and air.
•The verandah has flat domed ceiling with brick terracing.
•The walls of verandah have floral embellishments.

Flat domed ceiling of verandah
Brick perforations to admit light and air
Arched doorways leading to sanctuary
Arched openings forming vaulted ceiling
20.

35. ELEVATION-
•The elevation clearly shows that the mosque is a three bay mosque.
•The front façade consist of three arched doorways with drop arches
i.e double centered arches.
•The arched doorways leading to aisles are 7’-10.5” wide, 4’-4” deep
with springing point 6’-8.5”and rise 4’-2.5” is decorated with floral
embellishments.
•The arched doorway leading to nave 8’-10.5” wide, 4’-4” deep with
springing point 6’-6.8” from plinth and rise 4’-9”.
•Mosque has octagonal minaret on both sides wide side measuring
1’-3” till parapet and 1’-2” above the parapet, the approximate
height of minaret is 30’-7.5”.
•The column on both sides of central doorway has decorative panels
with 9”x1’-4” and 6.5” deep niches to place oil lamps.
•The parapet projects 1’ from the main façade, has embellishments in
lime plaster.
•Central doorway has curved parapet with finial on top while the side
doorways have merlons on parapet.
•The overall height of mosque is 33’-8.5”.



FRONT ELEVATION
PANELS DECORATED
WITH FLOWER BORDER
FRONT ELEVATION
21

36. DETAILS-
DOME-
•Mosque has three onion domes, one above the nave ,
one above each of the aisles.
•Domes are placed on octagonal pedestal with 5’ side
and 3’-3” height, bigger dome has 13’-11” dia. While
the smaller has 11’-6”.
•Dome is a single dome with vaulted ceiling below.
•The dome is finished in white marble.
•The smaller dome has finial of height 3’-9” while the
bigger dome has finial 4’-3”.




MINARET-
•Mosque has octagonal minarets on both sides of front
façade with side measuring 1’-3” till parapet and 1’-2”
above the parapet.
•Total height of minaret is 30’-7.5”
•Each side of minaret has arched opening 9” wide and
• 1’-10” in height.
•Minaret has 3” projecting chajja at 26’-4.5” from
ground.
•3’-6” dome on 5” drum at 26’-8.5” from ground.
PARAPET-
•Mosque consists of 12” projected chajje at 15’-7.5”
from ground.
•1’-1” merlons on parapet with 6” dia. at base and 3”
dia. at top.
•Total height of parapet is 2’-7.5”.
22

37. •Mosque consists of 12” projected chajja at
15’-7.5” from ground.
•1’-1” merlons on parapet with 6” dia. at base
and 3” dia. at top.
•Total height of parapet is 2’-7.5”.
PARAPET-
PANEL DETAIL-
MATERIALS-
•Materials in architecture is responsible for providing both the color and texture to a composition.
•The primary construction materials used in the mosque are Nanak Shahi bricks, Lime mortar, Mud mortar, slaked
lime, lime surkhi. They are categorised as below:
•Walls:
Bricks: Nanak Shahi (24 x 12 x 3.5 cm & 23 x 12 x 3.5 cm)
Mortar: Lime mortar + Surkhi (1:2) or
Mud mortar + Surkhi
In internal walls, there is a possibility of only mud/sand mortar being used primarily as the binding agent.
No signs of reinforcement provided
No signs of plaster treatment on walls
Dome:
Bricks: Nanak Shahi (24 x 12 x 3.5 cm & 23 x 12 x 3.5 cm)
Mortar: Lime mortar + Surkhi (1:2)
Finishing: Dome is finished in white marble
23.

38. SECTIONAL ELEVATION Y-Y’
• Sectional elevation of verandah shows three arched doorways, with the central doorway leading to nave and side
doorways leading to aisles.
•The arched doorways has drop arches i.e double centered arches with aisle doorway is 3’-11.5” wide with
springing point 3’-9” and rise 2’-7”, the nave doorway is 4’-3” wide with springing point 4’-4.5” and rise 2’-7.5”.
•The column on either side of central doorway is 4’7.5” wide.
•The clear height of verandah is 14’-1” and the thickness of roof slab is 1’-6”.
•Sectional elevation shows 3 domes, above nave and aisles of sanctuary, each of the dome has arched opening.
•Each of the doorway has floral embellishments in organic paint.



24.

39. SECTIONAL ELEVATION X-X’
•Sectional elevation x-x’ shows qibla wall with three arched niches, the niches have
drop arches i.e two centered arch
•The centre of Qibla wall shows semi-octagonal recess which forms the mehrab, the
drop arch of mehrab as springing point 3’-10”, rise 3’-3” and depth 3’-6” .
•Mimbar has 3 steps each 3” high and 1’-6” wide finished with white marble.
•The columns on side of mehrab support the arches which form the vaulted ceiling.
•Qibla wall has small niches (aale) 11’x1’-9” and 8” deep to place oil lamps.
•The three arched niches have brick perforations to admit light and air.
•The clear height of sanctuary is 14’-8.5”.
•Sanctuary has vaulted ceiling on pendentives with dome above.

MEHRAB WITH MIMBAR
AND BRICK
PERFORATIONS
VAULTED CEILING
ON PENDENTIVES
VAULTED CEILING OF
SANCTUARY
SKETCH SHOWING VAULTED
CEILING
25.

40. •Sectional elevation z-z’ shows sanctuary and verandah in comparison to each
other.
•Sanctuary has vaulted ceiling with clear height 14’-8.5” and dome is placed
only on sanctuary.
•Verandah has flat ceiling with clear height 14’-1” .
•Sectional elevation z-z’ shows chajja projecting 1’ from facade.
SECTIONAL ELEVATION Z-Z’
VERANDAH SIDE ARCHED
NICHE WITH BRICK
PERFORATIONS
26.

41. BACK ELEVATION
SIDE ELEVATION
27

42. The city is an historically important settlement north of the city of Patiala and is of special
significance to followers of the Sikh faith. The Gurdwara Fatehgarh Sahib, 5 km (3.1 mi) north
of Sirhind, marks the burial site of the two younger sons of the tenth Guru of the Sikhs, Sri Guru
Gobind Singh. Here, Sahibzada Fateh Singh and Sahibzada Zorawar Singh were entombed while
still alive on 12 December 1705 on the orders of the Governor of Sirhind, Wazir Khan.
The word "Fatehgarh", means "Town of Victory", and is so called because in 1710, Sikhs under
the leadership of Banda Bahadur overran the area and razed the fort built during Balban's rule to
the ground.
Gurdwara Jyoti Sarup lies about 1 kilometre (0.62 mi) from Fatehgarh Sahib on the Sirhind-
Chandigarh road.
The town is surrounded by four memorial gates, each in memory of four important figures from
Sikh history associated with Sirhind. These are: Deewan Todar Mal, Nawab Sher Muhammed
Khan, Baba Banda Singh Bahadur and Baba Moti Ram Mehra. Each of these individuals belonged
to a different caste or religion, showing the harmony and brotherhood among people of those
times.
Sarovar (sacred pool) at Fatehgarh Sahib Gurdwara, Punjab, India.
Sirhind is noted as the burial site of the renowned Mujaddad Alif Saani - Sheikh Ahmad Farooqi
Sirhindi (Rh), a great Sufi saint and founder and repairer of the Naqshbandi-Majaddaddi school of
Sufiism and graceism. His mausoleum along with that of his sons the Hz. Masoom Sahib's along
with several others are located 200 metres (660 ft) from Gurdwara Fateh Garh.

GEOGRHAPHY & CLIMATE: Located at latitude 30.6, longitude 76.3, fatehgarh sahib is sharing
border with hoshiarpur dist. to north , ludhiana dist to west ,prunagar dist. to south . its in 274 to
260 in elevation range .
CLIMATE: Highest temp in summers is in between 20 to 40C. average temp of january is 10 C ,
february is 11C, march is 17 C , april is 22 C , may is 27 C.
DEMOGRAPHICS: Punjabi is the local language , people also speak hindi & urdu in this area. it is
divided into 6 tehsils, panchayat , 490 villages.
TRANSPORT: Distt fatehgarh sahib is well connected by road , it is about 44km to chandigarh by
road .
RAILWAY : Railway stations are sirhind jn , sadhoor garh , fatehgarh sahib , bassi pathanam ,
noganwan .
BUS TRANSPORT: Punjab roadways runs from major cities in towns & distt.


INTRODUCTION & HISTORY OF FATEHGARH SAHIB

LANDMARKS OF THE CITY :
-Gurudwara fatehgarh sahib-
-Rauza sharif- Dargah of Harzrat Mujahddid
-Tomb od Ustad & shagird
- Tomb of Mir –i-Miran , Sirhind
- Tomb Of Subhan
- Aam Khas Bagh
- Sadna Qasai Mosque
- Dera Baba Dyal Puri

28

43. LOCATION &INTRODUCTION: LOCATION &INTRODUCTION:
The mosque is situated in the north west of sirhind- ropar railway line just near level
crossing. this historical monument is under the control of archeological department.’
It is made up of sirhind bricks & its painting are of t art . it consists of grey sand,
stone blocks , , kankar blocks & of lakhauri blocks. arches of the mosque indicate
the date of it”s construction as contemporary to the tomb of subhan begum .
Sadhana was a sindhi saint & contemporary to the to saint nam dev (1271-1341) .
the mosque has three compartments i.e. north , south & central ones. the north &
south compartments have two domes on each .
Nearest landmarks:
-Fatehgarh Sahib Bust stand -3.6 km
- Sirhind Bus stand – 6.9 Km
- Fatehgarh Sahib Railway Station – 3.7 Km
- Sirhind Railway Station = 9.2 Km
29

44. LOCATION MAP OF TOMB OF USTAD
•There are two tombs situated at a distance of about one
kilometre west of Rauza Sharif mosque in village talanian,
these are commonly known as the tombs of Ustad (master
mason) and Shagird (apprentice mason).
•It is said that these buildings were constructed by them
during their life-time, some time in 16th century. Their
construction has another story related to the same
theory where it is said that these buildings were the
result of a competition held between the two (Ustad &
Shagird) as to who would end up making a better
building at that time.
•The tombs separated from each other by a distance of
about 200 metres, are fair examples of contemporary
architectural skill.
•The surrounding area around the two tombs is all
agricultural land and whe way is paved till the village
Talanian and further on leads to the structures from the
village through a narrow unpaved road marked by the
local residents for transportation to their fields.
Nearest landmarks:
Fatehgarh Sahib bus stand -3.8 kms
Sirhind bus stand -6.8 kms
Fatehgarh Sahib railway station 3.9 kms
Sirhind railway station 9.4 kms
TOMB OF USTAD
18. 30

45. •The Tomb of Ustad is placed in the middle of
agricultural land of the adjoining village Talanian in
Fatehgarh Sahib.
•A very narrow unpaved path (2.5m wide) leads from
the village to the site which has been made by the local
residents and is used as the only way to commute to
their fields.
SITE PLAN
•The site stands of an elevated platform in reference to
the adjoining fields. This platform stands tall at an
approximate height of 3m from all sides. This helps in
creating a vista while approaching the structure.
•The structure is oriented in the north-south direction
and its designing has openings on all the four sides.
Furthermore the designing on all the four sides remains
similar.
31

46. PLAN
•Planted in the middle of a 3m high, square, brick platform of
122’-11”side which accommodates the crypt enshrining the
real graves.
•Approached by a double flight of steps built in the platform,
the tomb measures 76’-11” side.
•The central domed chamber, 28’-4” square, is
approached through 23’-10.5” broad and 16’-10” deep
axial ivans, with square chambers of 26’-5.5” in side,
in two storeys, in each corner.
•The central chamber is covered by the lower shell
of the double dome,
N
32
SIDE CHAMBER
CENTRAL CHAMBER
SIDE CHAMBER IVAN

47. FIRST FLOOR PLAN
•shallow moulded stalactites on the soffits of the ivans.
•The first floor of the tomb is approached by two flights
of the stairs in the southern iwan leading to the upper
storey chambers,
•Each chamber further on leads to 2 balcony type spaces
on 2 of its sides and an arch opening to the side of iwan
on each side.
•At each corner of the tomb stands a cupola.
•Mounted on a slightly sloping circular drum is the
outer shell of the large central dome, 28’-4” in
diameter, terminating not in a pinnacle but a ‘chattri’.
AREA CHART FOR
TERRACE
N
33

48. SQUARE CHAMBER DETAIL
IWAN DETAIL
34

49. FRONT ELEVATION
•The iwan as grand entrance archway with same
archway feature on small chambers at 2 floors.
•Combination of tudor and pointed arch as entrance
arches and niches.

•Rectangular frames and blind arches are recessed to
add to the elevational features of the tomb.
•All the four facades of the tomb, soar to an imposing
height of 35’-2.5” above the platform and are
substantially alike.
•Each facade is dominated by a 30’-9.5” high, semi-
domed iwan.
GROUND FLOOR
SQUARE CHAMBER
TUDOR ARCH
DETAIL
FIRST FLOOR
SQUARE CHAMBER
TUDOR ARCH
DETAIL
35

50. SIDE ELEVATION
•The sloping dome is the dynamic feature and portrays
the importance of the building. As the dome is the main
feature in elevation it is balanced by 3 cupolas at three
corners.
•On one side one cupola is missing
•The iwan as grand entrance archway with same
archway feature on small chambers at 2 floors.
•Combination of tudor and pointed arch as entrance
arches and niches. Rectangular frames and blind arches
are recessed to add to the elevational features of the
tomb.
•All the four facades of the tomb, soar to an imposing
height of 35’-2.5” above the platform and are
substantially alike.
•Each facade has semi-domed iwan relieved on either
side by two storeys of smaller recesses.
•At three corners of the tomb stands a cupola. Although
these cupolas give some lightness to the structure, their
size is far too small in proportion to the building block
and tomb has a sloping circular drum with chattri on
top.
•The only difference between the front façade and
side facades is the absence of squinches in front chambers
GROUND FLOOR
SQUARE CHAMBER
TUDOR ARCH
DETAIL
FIRST FLOOR
SQUARE CHAMBER
TUDOR ARCH
DETAIL
36

51. SECTIONAL ELEVATION
•The square chambers at 4 corners are interconnected by the
horizontal passages.

•The central chamber accomodates the shrine for the main
person after which the tomb is constructed. And
mortuary chambers are for children.
•All the chambers have domical ceiling resting on
squinches and pendentives.

•Double shell construction for the main dome.
•Tudor arches as the entrances and also for niches
•.
•Combination of blind arch and Rectangular frame.

•The first floor access from staircases and on first floor
the stair is bifurcated for accessibilty to roof and
another way for front square chamber.

CONSOLIDATING
DOMICAL
AND SQUARE
CHAMBERS
SQUARE CHAMBERS
ADDED TO MAIN
TOMB CHAMBER
37

52. •The overall composition of the plan is governed by an emphasis on bilateral symmetry and the central axis.

•Vision: Tomb constructed on the platform when reached the view narrows and is dominated by surface intricacies
of solid and void.

•Upon ascension of the platform the field of vision is narrowed once more and focused on the central
entryway.
•The double square occurs from the base of the platform to the top of the domes spire, and mirrored about the
buildings central axis.

• Massive bulbous dome rising above the central axis of the overall complex and the use of chhatri placed above
the center axis of the flanking pavilions creates a triangulation that leads one’s eyes.

•The use of ivan which is a rectangular space, usually vaulted, walled on three sides, with one
end entirely open.
• The formal gateway to the iwan is called pishtaq, a Persian usually decorated with geometric designs, but its in
exposed bricks in case of tomb.
DESIGNING
38

53. ARCHITECTURAL FEATURES -
•An arch is a structure that spans a space,supports the
structure .
•Tudor arches have been used for the entrance spans.
TUDOR ARCH
•A four-centred arch, also known as a depressed arch or
tudor arch, is a low, wide type of arch with a pointed apex.

•It is much wider than its height and gives the visual effect
of having been flattened under pressure.

•The site consists of a number of niches and arches in
exposed brickwork.
DOMES, SQUINCHES AND PENDENTIVES -
Step 1:
Columns are set
up on all the 4
corners of the
square chamber.
Step 2:
Tudor arches are
constructed over
the corners of the
chamber to support
the dome above.
Step 3:
Hemispherical
dome is constructed
with its weight being
supported on the
arches.
•Entrance iwan , square chambers have domical ceiling
with Main central chamber having double domical shell
. Its the corbelled dome construction

•Squinch is basically a construction filling in the upper
angles of a square room so to form a base to receive an
octagonal or spherical dome.
DETAIL - A
DETAIL-B
38

54. STALACTITES ( MUQARNAS )
•Stalactite work, also called honeycomb work, of
architectural ornamentation,

•It consists of a series of little niches, bracketed out one
above the other, or of projecting prismatic forms in
rows and tiers that are connected at their upper ends by
miniature squinch arches.

•Stalactite work found in tomb of ustad is where niche
shaped concave curves are found in prismatic manner
plastered on the domical ceiling.
True form of stalactites
Form of stalactites: Coating of Mortar in Geometric
pattern to cover the exposed brick work on ceiling. CONSTRUCTION-
•Tomb of Ustad bears the superimposed muqarnas .
•To create a superimposed muqarnas, the supporting surface is built first (for example a dome or vault), then
muqarnas elements are built up against con- cave surfaces, leaving no hollow space between the muqarnas and
the supporting surface.
•Here these stalactites was made by using lime mortar And sole purpose was just to cover the ceiling .its not the
Pure form of stalactites.
MATERIALS-
•Materials in architecture is responsible for providing both
the color and texture to a composition.

•The primary construction materials used in the Tomb
of Ustad are Nanak Shahi bricks, Lime mortar, Mud
mortar, slaked lime, lime surkhi. They are categorised as
below:
•Walls:
Bricks: Nanak Shahi (24 x 12 x 3.5 cm & 23 x 12 x 3.5cm)
Mortar: Lime mortar + Surkhi (1:2) or
Mud mortar + Surkhi
In internal walls, there is a possibility of only mud/sand
mortar being used primarily as the binding agent.
No signs of reinforcement provided
No signs of plaster treatment on walls
Dome:
Bricks: Nanak Shahi (24 x 12 x 3.5 cm & 23 x 12 x 3.5 cm)
Mortar: Lime mortar + Surkhi (1:2)
Plaster: A thin coat of lime wash is applied on the surface
for finishing and to uniform the facade of the dome
Nanak Shahi Bricks
with lime mortar
Tudor arches, tudor arch
niches, rectangular and
square niches, stairs ,
all are in exposed brick
work.
Entrance Archways constructed in
Nanak shahi Bricks with lime mortar.
39

55. •Copulas:
Bricks: Nanak Shahi (24 x 12 x 3.5 cm & 23 x 12 x 3.5
cm)
Mortar: Lime mortar + Surkhi (1:2)
Plaster: A thin coat of lime wash is applied on the surface
for finishing and to uniform the faces of the cupola.
However it is coming off at most of the places.


•Flooring:
The flooring of the structure is not in its original state at
most of the places
Ground & First floor: The flooring at these levels has
been altered/repaired and a very thin coat of cement
flooring is visible. This repairing has been done to make
the circulation on the floor comfortable and the original
state
has not been restored.
Terrace floor: Brick tiles are used with a thin finishing on
top. Fungal growth on the terrace as well.
Squinches with
exposed brickwork
Cupola with
lime plaster
Exposed Brick work :Domical Ceiling,
Pendentives and Squinches.
Tudor arches, tudor arch
niches,
rectangular and
square niches, stairs
,all are in exposed brick
work
Domical ceiling with
exposed brick and lime
plaster
Pseudo stalactite in plaster
40

56. PLAN
FIRST FLOOR PLAN:


•The first floor is accessible through a staircase from each of the ivans. Only three of the these
staircases are in actual functional state and the fourth one on the western side is full of fallen
debris of the structure.

•The first floor consists of four square chambers on each corner, measuring 9’-4”X9’-4” each.
Each of this chamber opens into a balcony on two sides ,measuring 9’3”x4’-8”

•The chamber has niches in the wall that are recessed 6”. This chamber leads to a staircase
accessing the terrace.

•This chamber has wall openings opening into the central Ivan. The roof of this floor is domical
and made using bricks.
41.
TOMB OF SHAGIRD

57. PLAN
TERRACE FLOOR PLAN:


•The terrace plan consists of a central octagonal structure with each side measuring 13’-8” ,
with a surmounted dome.

•Each corner of the terrace plan consists of square towers with each side measuring 13’-5”.

•The octagonal drum consists of the ceiling dome of the central chamber on the ground floor,
and is further surmounted by another dome at height of 24’. The corner towers on the
terrace balance the central drum.

•The octagonal structure consists of a 3’wide platform on each side. It provides access to the
ceiling dome of the ground floor, with radius 10’-5”. It consists of an overhead Ground Floor
Plan dome with a radius of 9’.
42.

58. ELEVATION
ELEVATION:
•The front facade is designed on the principle of symmetry and balance of the elements.
The entire structure stands on a plinth of 3’-0”.
•The elevation of the tomb consists of Tudor arches acting as the main central element.
On either side of this central arch, smaller arches with niches and other elements can be
seen.
•These niches are recessed upto 6” and are in a repetitive pattern on either sides of the central
archway.
•The front facade is in exposed brickwork. It was traditionally done to provide a red sandstone
look when viewed from a distance. Also, there are smaller archways that act as verandah and
balcony to the ground and first floor respectively.
•The inner elevation of the ivans and balconies is covered in lime plaster and consists of
paintings and stalactites.
•The upper part of the elevation consists of an octagonal drum with a dome. On either side of
this dome, smaller towers with domes over their square chambers can be seen.
•The domes and other terrace elements are finished with lime
plaster. The facade is in a proportion of 4:5.
43.

59. SECTIONAL ELEVATION
SECTIONAL ELEVATION
•Each facade rising to a height of 31’-8”up to the parapet, houses a large Ivan flanked by subsidiary
double storeyed arches recesses. One staircase from each Ivan gives access to the upper corner.
Rooms from again four staircases reaches the top.
•The outer wall elevations consists of a central arch 3’-9”wideupto a height of 7’-8” with niches on
either of its side recessed to 6” into the wall and going up to a height of 7’-8”.The side walls also
have these niches in a similar design.
•The corner arched mouldings beginning from a height of 8’-7” from the base go to the top to
form squinches of the roof. The outer walls are covered with lime plaster
•The inner wall elevation consists of a central arch with niches on either sides recessed 6”in the
wall going upto a height of 9 ‘-9” from the base.
•The roof consists of bricks stacked one above the other in such a way that they form a dome. The
entire walls including the niches are in exposed brickwork.
44

60. SECTIONAL ELEVATION
SECTIONAL ELEVATION
Central Ivan showing the
main facade
•Rectangular space measuring
15’X21’

•Each face of Ivan consists of an
archway and niches

•Elevation of ivans were originally
plastered and painted with floral
patterns.
45

61. SECTIONAL DETAILS
SECTIONAL DETAILS
CENTRAL CHAMBER
3D VIEW OF STALACTITES
LIGHTING AND VENTIALTION

•The structure is well lit and ventilated in most areas.
The central mortuary chamber and side chambers are
provided with arched openings.

•In central chamber each wall has 3 openings which is
good enough for light and ventilation.
First floor; square chamber has 2 arch openings and
3rd has opening niche opening towards Ivan .
Besides, the arched entrances also allow the light to
enter the structure.

•Double shell also has access with two arched
openings and central hole in the ceiling for the flow
of light and ventilation in central chamber.


USE OF ZIG ZAG PATTERN OF STAIRS

•Breaking the monotony in horizontal movement on
terrace. As access from first floor to terrace is via
stairs with no headroom. It is open to sky, so for the
vision barrier these stairs are made , so to divert the
vision to stairs and also to break the monotonous
movement and sitting spaces.


STALACTITES

Protruding of moulded structures to cover the ceiling
and adding aesthetics, these can be visible on the
squinches of first floor chamber.
PLAN OF ZIG ZAG
STAIRS ON TERRACE
STALACTITES AT
CORNERS IN FIRST
FLOOR SQUARE
CHAMBER
Stalactites at corners in first
floor square chamber.
46

62. MATERIALS USED
MATERIAL USED
WALLS:
Bricks: Nanak Shahi (24 x 12 x 3.5 cm & 23 x 12 x 3.5 cm)
Mortar: Lime mortar+ Surkhi (1:2) or
Mud mortar + Surkhi
In internal walls, there is a possibility of only mud/sand
mortar being used primarily as the binding agent.
No signs of reinforcement provided
Plaster treatment on walls as visible.
Lime plaster +surkhi+sand (1:1:1)

DOME:
Bricks: Nanak Shahi (24 x 12 x 3.5 cm & 23 x 12 x 3.5 cm)
Mortar: Lime mortar + Surkhi (1:2)
Plaster: A thin coat of lime wash is applied on the surface
for finishing and to uniform the facade of the dome

CUPOLAS:
Bricks: Nanak Shahi (24 x 12 x 3.5 cm & 23 x 12 x 3.5 cm)
Mortar: Lime mortar + Surkhi (1:2)
Plaster: A thin coat of lime wash is applied on the surface
for finishing and to uniform the faces of the cupola.

FLOORING:
The flooring of the structure is not in its original state at
most of the places.
Ground & First floor: The flooring at these levels has been
altered/repaired and a very thin coat of cement flooring is
visible. This repairing has been done to make the
circulation on the floor comfortable and the original state
has not been restored.
Terrace floor: Brick tiles are used with a thin finishing on
top. Fungal growth on the terrace as well.
ENTRANCE ARCH OF THE
MORTUARY CHAMBER
USE OF NANAK SHAHI BRICK
FRESCOS ON THE INTERIOR
OF MORTUARY CHAMBER
CENTRAL CHAMBER:
DOMICAL CEILING
47

63. SECTIONAL DETAILS
SECTIONAL DETAILS
CENTRAL CHAMBER
3D VIEW OF STALACTITES
LIGHTING AND VENTIALTION

•The structure is well lit and ventilated in most areas.
The central mortuary chamber and side chambers are
provided with arched openings.

•In central chamber each wall has 3 openings which is
good enough for light and ventilation.
First floor; square chamber has 2 arch openings and
3rd has opening niche opening towards Ivan .
Besides, the arched entrances also allow the light to
enter the structure.

•Double shell also has access with two arched
openings and central hole in the ceiling for the flow
of light and ventilation in central chamber.


USE OF ZIG ZAG PATTERN OF STAIRS

•Breaking the monotony in horizontal movement on
terrace. As access from first floor to terrace is via
stairs with no headroom. It is open to sky, so for the
vision barrier these stairs are made , so to divert the
vision to stairs and also to break the monotonous
movement and sitting spaces.


STALACTITES

Protruding of moulded structures to cover the ceiling
and adding aesthetics, these can be visible on the
squinches of first floor chamber.
PLAN OF ZIG ZAG
STAIRS ON TERRACE
STALACTITES AT
CORNERS IN FIRST
FLOOR SQUARE
CHAMBER
48.

64. :
SITE PLAN
TOTAL SITE AREA= 23642 SQ FT
TOTAL COVERED AREA= 7254 SQ FT
TOTAL GROUND COVERAGE = 30.3%
MOSQUE DIMENSIONS: 122’8” X 59’5”
DIMENSIONS OF POOL = 36’3” X 36’3”
BUILDING FACING THE EAST SIDE
GARNA TREE LOCATED ON THE EAST DIRECTION
25’ WIDE ROAD
RAILWAY LINE LAID AT THE BACK OF THE SITE.

N

65. COMPARTMENT 1 COMPARTMENT2 COMPARTMENT 3
1A
1B
TOTAL AREA= 7254 SQ FT
AREA CHART
OPEN AREA
60% 4308 SQ
FT
WALL AREA
40% 2946 SQ
FT
OPEN AREA CHART
CIRCULATION AREA
4468 SQ FT 94%
NON CIRCULATION
122 SQ FT 6%
-Floor is divided into three compartments & then compartment 1&3 are further divided
into two chambers.
-Each compartment has its own entry . the middle compartment has three entries , two
small entries and one large entry.
- The plan is basically rectangular in shape having the outer dimensions of 59’5”x122’8”.
- The thickness of outer wall is 5’6.5”. use of nanak shahi bricks of 8”x4.5”x1.5” &
blocks of 10”x7”x5”.
-The floor plan is basically a mirror from it”s one half to another .
- Both the staircase were not accessible . compartment 3 not approachable.
- Compartment 1 located at south direction , compartment 3 at north & mehrab in
central compartment which has to be located at west .


FLOOR PLAN

66. COMPARTMENT 1 :
-Situated at south of the building .
- This compartment has one entry from outside,
the entrance is of 4’ wide & s.p point of 4’11” & riser of
2’5”.
- Two connectivities to the compartment 2 of 5’8” wide .
-The compartment comprises of two domes each having
internal diameter of 19’11”
-The domes are supported on pendantives ,having 4
pendantives allows the dome to be supported on an
octagonal base .
-The overall length is 48’8” and overall width is 19’11” of
this compartment.
-This compartment is now further divided into two
chambers , each of 22’3” in length & 19’11” in width.
-This arch had a brick wall in between which was added
later on.
-Comprises of an arch in between of depth of 6’ & s.p
point of 10’5” & riser of 7’3.5”.
- No mehrabs in this compartment
- Compartment 3 is the mirror of compartment 1 but
was not approachable.


BLOW UP PLAN OF COMPARTMENT 1
ENTRANCE
COMPARTMENT 2:
-Sitated at the middle of the mosque.
- It has three entrance from outside ,
one being a larger entrance of 8’5” &
s.p point of 8’2” & riser of 4’6”. whereas
the other two small entrances being
5’1” wide & s.p. point of 6’9” & riser of 3’3”.
-It comprises of a large dome at it’s top
which was destroyed during the recent
times. its internal diameter is of 39’7.5”
which is almost the double of the small
dome.
-The dome is supported on 4 stelectites.
- The overall length & breadth is 40’1.5” .
- The mehrab is located on the west side
which can be seen straight from the main
entrance . (a) is the mehrab
-Three mehrabs located in this
comparment.
a
MEHRAB
BLOW UP PLAN OF COMPARTMENT 2

67. ELEVATION
-Height till parapet= 32’2”
- Height till tip of dome= 57’10”
- Middle dome not there at mosque
- The middle entry is the largest entry
into the mosque which is projected
outside .
-Tudor arch used in all the entrances
the larger entry is of 8’5” wide &
sp point of 8’2” & riser of 4’6.
-The small entries leading to the middle
compartment are 5’1” wide & sp point of
6’9” & riser of 3’3”.
-The entry leading to the side compartment
is 4’ wide & sp point of 4’11” & riser of 2’5”.
- The thickness of outer wall is 5’6.5”.
- use of nanak shahi bricks of 8”x4.5”x1.5”
& blocks of 10”x7”x5” for arch.
-Brick jaalis given for ventilation.

DETAILS

68. SECTION
-Height till parapet= 32’2”
- Height till tip of dome= 57’10”
- Middle dome not there at mosque
-Tudor arch used in all the entrances
the thickness of outer wall is 5’6.5”.
- Use of nanak shahi bricks of 8”x4.5”x1.5”
& blocks of 10”x7”x5” for arch.
-Thickness of dome at base approx 3’.
- Middle dome to be supported on stelectites.
- Smaller dome to be supported on 4
pendentives which tend to make an octagonal
base at the top for the dome.
-

69. BIBLIOGRAPHY
•SIRHIND – SUBHASH PARIHAR
•TAJ MAHAL- EBBA KOCH
•TAJ MAHAL- ILLUMINATED TOMB- W.B WEBLEY, Z.A DESAI
•WWW/ARCHAELOGICAL SURVEY OF INDIA
•WWW.WIKIPEDIA.COM
•WWW.GOOGLE.COM