Dog mating for optimum pregnancy

Dog mating is explained in this lecture

1. DOG MATINGFOR OPTIMUM
PREGNANCY
Prof. Dr. G.N Purohit
MVSC, PhD, MNVAS
Dean Post Graduate Studies and University Head
Dept. Veterinary (Gynecology & Obstetrics)
College of veterinary & Animal Science, RAJUVAS
Bikaner, Raj., India.
Email: [email protected]
GOVIND NARAYAN PUROHIT (GNP Sir)
Dr. GN Purohit –Educational and Confidential -Content collected from different sources Not Permitted for Replication or Commercial Purposes

2. ■The population of pet dogs in India amounted
for around 19.5 million in the year 2018. The
population was forecast to reach over 31
million by the end of year 2023.
Dr. GN Purohit –Educational and Confidential -Content collected from different sources Not Permitted for Replication or Commercial Purposes
GOVIND NARAYAN PUROHIT (GNP Sir)

3. Some popular dogs of India
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Breeding age for bitches
Breeders consider that the bitch can breed starting with the second heat, but it really
should be dependent on their age and maturity as heat cycles can vary greatly from
dog to dog.
Small dog breeds: Between 12-18 months old
Medium size dogs: Between 15-18 months old
Large dog breeds: Approximately 18-24 months old
In general, it's best to retire a bitch from breeding
around the age of six, although studs may continue
until approximately ten years old, depending on
their fertility.
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5. Potential health
problems should
be checked before
mating
Labrador
Retrievers can
inherit eye defects
German Shepherds are
prone to hereditary hip
dysplasia. Other breeds
include Cocker Spaniels
and Shetland Sheepdogs.
Patellar luxation
affects a smaller
dog. No dog
with patellar
luxation should
be bred, as this
is a hereditary
condition.
For some breeds, deafness can
be a problem
Preparing dogs for mating
Dr. GN Purohit –Educational and Confidential -Content collected from different sources Not Permitted for Replication or Commercial Purposes
GOVIND NARAYAN PUROHIT (GNP Sir)

6. For details on inherited problems in different breeds
of dogs refer to Breed predisposition to disease in
Dogs and cats 3
rd
Edition by Alex Gough, Allison
Thomas and Dan O”Neil
The dog should have the right temperament for
its breed.
Both the dog and bitch must be tested for Brucellosis
Both the dog and bitch should neither be obese nor
too thin and should be bathed a day before mating
Stud dogs of the same breed are preferred and
should be ideally equal in size and weight
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7. Mate the dogs
in the sires
home or space
Creating an Ideal Mating Environment
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8. An outside space at
the sires home where
the dogs can mate
without distraction is
preferable
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GOVIND NARAYAN PUROHIT (GNP Sir)

9. Clip the hair
under the
bitches tail
Notice the dog
and bitch
without
disturbing
them
Apply lubricant
on bitches
vulva such as
KY Jelly if the
male has
difficulty
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10. Supervise the dogs at all times to
ensure their safety. Place a gentle
muzzle on the female, especially if she
is a first time breeder or is having some
problem.
Do not disturb dogs during a lock tie
Do not allow bitch to urinate for 15 min
after the mating is over
Some bitches will not allow a particular
male dog to mate her. Changing the
dog is suggested
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11. A common reason for a bitch not to become pregnant is
poor breeding management especially the bitch
A bitch evidence
proestrualbleeding for 7-
9 days
The estrus lasts on an
average 7-9 days
Owners often mate
their bitches on 9
th
, 11
th
or 13
th
day or twice 2
days after stoppage of
bleeding and 48 h later
The period of receptivity to a
male varies considerably
among bitches; some bitches
are receptive well before and
after the period of potential
fertility.
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13. Inter-estrus in dogs consists of diestrus (60 days) plus anestrus (a
variable time). Average duration 7 months.
German Shepherd 6.5 months inter-estrus.
Dachshunds 8.3 months inter-estrus.
Basenjis 12 months inter-estrus.
Therefore, larger dogs tend to have shorter inter-estrus intervals
than small dogs (contrary to popular opinion)
The variation of the inter-estrus interval within a bitch was actually
found to be greater than that between bitches
Inter-estrus tends to become longer as bitches are
greater than 8 years old
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15. Deciding when to breed the bitch by counting the
number of days from the onset of pro-estrus is
inaccurate since the time of ovulation is variable in
relation to the onset of pro-estrus.
Ovulation in the bitch can normally occur as early as
day 5 after the onset of pro-estrus, or as late as day
30 after the onset of pro-estrus.
Within the same bitch there are also
differences in the time of ovulation from one
cycle to the next
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16. Occytesbecome fertilizable 2 days after ovulation
Oocytes remain viable within the reproductive tract for a further 4–
5 days before degenerating and canine sperm can remain viable in
the female tract for up to 7 days
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17. Clinical methods to time mating in the bitch
Receptivity
The onset of behavior estrus (bitch receptivity) roughly approximates the LH
surge; however, due to large variations between and within bitches in receptivity
and behavioral responses to dogs this approach is not uniformly predictive.
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18. Vaginal Discharge and Vulvar Morphology
In proestrus, the vulva is swollen and turgid, with varying amounts of
sanguineous vulvar discharge.
As estrus progresses, the vulva softens and turgidity is lost with or without
vaginal discharge.
Typically vulvar softening approximates the LH peak but is subjective and
not solely predictive.
Vaginal discharge is too variable to be useful other than as a rough
indicator of the estrus
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19. Vaginal Cytology-The easiest approach for timing mating
Cytologicchanges through the canine estrous cycle reflect changes in
blood concentrations of estrogen. Estrogen levels rise prior to and during
proestrus and fall in conjunction with the preovulatory surge of luteinizing
hormone.
Rising levels of estrogen induce the "cornification" that is characteristic of
smears examined during estrus. Ovulation occurs two days after the LH
surge. The best time to mate a bitch would thus be when cytology smears
evidence 80% or more of cornified cells.
Serial cytological examination of smears is suggested every alternate day
if the bitches evidence predominantly Parabasal cells at the first
examination.
Cytologicexamination is one of the easiest clinical method for timing
mating in the bitch.
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25. Diff Quick stain
■Fixative (Fast green in methanol) -pale green color
■Stain solution 1 (Eosin G in phosphate buffer) -red color
■Stain solution 2 (Thiazine dye in phosphate buffer) -blue color
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26. Serial Serum
Progesterone Assay
can be used to time
mating
Luteinization of the follicular wall, induced
by the LH surge, results in rising serum
progesterone.
Serial progesterone measurements can be collected by sampling
every 1 to 4 days -increasing in frequency as the sharp rise in
progesterone approaches.
Plasma progesterone
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28. Serum progesterone concentration is about 2 ng/mL
on the day of the LH surge and 4 to 10 ng/mL on
ovulation day.
Once serum progesterone reaches a level of about
2 ng/mL, ovulation will occur in 2 days
Optimal breeding day is 2 days post-ovulation. Thus
once the progesterone is 2 ng/mL mating should
occur 4-6 days later
Progesterone is over 8 ng/mL at the start of the
fertile period (LH + 3 days): breed 1–3 days later.
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29. Contact me
Prof. Dr. G.N Purohit
MVSC, PhD, MNVAS
Head Dept. Veterinary (Gynecology & Obstetrics)
College of veterinary & Animal Science, Bikaner, Raj.India.
Email:[email protected]
Linked in :linkedin.com/in/dr-govind-narayan-purohit-13a04a17
YouTube Channel link : https://www.youtube.com/user
/gnpobs61/videos
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