Dopamine neurotransmitter determination using graphite sheet- graphene nano-sensor.pdf

In this study, graphene oxide was electrochemically deposited and reduced on a graphite sheet. The electrode surface morphology was studied by scanning electron microscopy. The performance of the modified electrode in detecting dopamine ...

1. Graphene and 2D Materials
hhttps/doi.org/10.1007/s41127-024-00075-9

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Dopamine neurotransmitter determination using graphite
sheet-graphene nano-sensor

Mohammad Hossein Khajehpour' - Ali Ghaffarinejad"?

Received: 31 December 2023 / Revised: 25 February 2024 / Accepted: 1 March 2024
© The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2024

Abstract

In this study, graphene oxide was electrochemically deposited and reduced on a graphite sheet. The electrode surface mor-
phology was studied by scanning electron microscopy. The performance of the modified electrode in detecting dopamine was
investigated. The results indicate that the electrodeposition of reduced graphene oxide onto the electrode surface increases
the dopamine oxidation current, decreases the overpotential, and reduces the charge transfer resistance. The efficiency of
dopamine detection by this modified electrode was evaluated using cyclic voltammetry, differential pulse voltammetry, and
electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The effects of electrolyte pH, potential scan rate, electrode reproducibility, and
selectivity were investigated. Furthermore, for the stability test, the chronoamperometry technique was performed, and the
results demonstrated that the electrode has excellent stability. This electrode provides a low detection limit of 68 nM and a
wide linear range from 0.1 to 1000 uM. For real sample analysis, measurements were successfully conducted on a dopamine
ampule as a cardiovascular drug. This nanosensor takes advantage of a simple and rapid fabrication process at a low cost.

Keywords Dopamine - Neurotransmitter - Graphene - Electrochemical sensor - Drug sample