dorothea orems self-care nursing theory.pptx

Florence Nightingale's Environmental Theory
File Name: Florence_Nightingale_Environmental_Theory_Presentation.pptx

This presentation delves into Florence Nightingale's Environmental Theory, a foundational framework in nursing that emphasizes the importance of the physical environment in patient care. It begins with an introduction to Florence Nightingale, known as the "Lady with the Lamp," who played a crucial role in modernizing nursing practices during the Crimean War. Nightingale is credited with writing the first nursing notes, "Notes on Nursing: What It Is and What It Is Not," which laid the groundwork for scientific nursing practice.

The Environmental Theory is introduced as the act of utilizing the patient’s environment to assist in recovery. The theory stresses the need for creating sanitary conditions to promote healing, with a strong focus on the physical environment as a critical factor in patient care. The major concepts of the theory—nursing, human beings, environment, and health—are discussed in detail, explaining how each element contributes to the overall goal of supporting the natural reparative process.

Subconcepts within the Environmental Theory, such as the health of houses, ventilation, light, noise, variety, bed and bedding, personal cleanliness, and nutrition, are explored, highlighting Nightingale’s emphasis on environmental factors that impact health. The presentation also identifies essential environmental factors like fresh air, pure water, efficient drainage, cleanliness, and light, which Nightingale considered crucial for a healthful environment.

The presentation concludes with an analysis of the strengths and weaknesses of Nightingale's Environmental Theory, noting its broad applicability in various settings but also pointing out the challenges in applying it in modern contexts. The ongoing relevance of Nightingale's ideas in promoting patient health through environmental management is emphasized, along with references to key texts and resources for further study.

1. Dorothea Orem’s Self-Care Deficit Theory M.Sc. Nursing

2. Dorothea Orem  (1914-2007) Name : Dorothea Orem (1914-2007) Birthplace : Baltimore, U.S. Education : Diploma : Providence Hospital, Washington, D.C. BSN (1939) : Catholic University of America MSN (1945) : Catholic University of America Career Highlights : Worked as a staff nurse, nurse educator, administrator, and consultant. Received an honorary Doctor of Science degree in 1976. Notable Work : Published the Self-Care Deficit Theory in 1971.

3. Dorothea Orem  (1914-2007) Overview of the Self-Care Deficit Theory Type : Grand Theory of Nursing Publication History : First Edition: 1971 Subsequent Editions: 1980, 1995, 2001

4. Self-Care Theory -Grand Theory

5. MAJOR CONCEPTS AND DEFINITIONS OREM’S GENERAL THEORY OF NURSING

6. Orem’s general theory of nursing’s three related parts:

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8. A. Theory of Self Care Self-Care : Activities initiated and performed by individuals to maintain life, health, and well-being. Self-Care Agency : The ability to engage in self-care, influenced by factors such as age, life experience, sociocultural orientation, health, and available resources. Therapeutic Self-Care Demand : The total self-care actions needed to meet self-care requisites. Self-Care Requisites : Actions directed toward self-care, categorized into: Universal Requisites : Basic needs like air, water, food, elimination, rest, and prevention of hazards. Developmental Requisites : Needs related to developmental processes, such as adapting to body changes. Health Deviation Requisites : Needs arising from illness or injury, such as seeking medical assistance.

9. 1. Universal self care requisites Associated with life processes and the maintenance of the integrity of human structure and functioning Common to all; activities of daily living Identifies these requisites as: Maintenance of sufficient intake of air ,water, food Provision of care associated with elimination process Balance between activity and rest, between solitude and social interaction Prevention of hazards to human life well being and Promotion of human functioning

10. 2. Developmental self care requisites Associated with developmental processes/ derived from a condition…or associated with an event. E.g. adjusting to a new job adjusting to body changes

11. 3. Health deviation self care Required in conditions of illness, injury, or disease. These include: Seeking and securing appropriate medical assistance Being aware of and attending to the effects and results of pathologic conditions Effectively carrying out medically prescribed measures Modifying self concepts in accepting oneself as being in a particular state of health and in specific forms of health care Learning to live with effects of pathologic conditions

12. B. Theory of self care deficit Definition : Specifies when nursing care is necessary, particularly when an individual (or a dependent) cannot meet their self-care needs. Key Points : Nursing is required when individuals are unable to perform effective self-care continuously. Five Methods of Helping : Acting for or doing for others. Guiding others in self-care activities. Supporting others in maintaining self-care. Providing an environment conducive to personal development. Teaching others to care for themselves.

13. C. Theory of Nursing Systems Describes how the patient’s self care needs will be met by the nurse , the patient, or both Identifies 3 classifications of nursing system to meet the self care requisites of the patient: Wholly compensatory system Partly compensatory system Supportive – educative system

14. Wholly compensatory systems – “nurse should be compensating for a patient’s total inability for (or prescriptions against) engaging in self-care activities that require ambulation and manipulation movements” Partly compensatory systems – “both nurse and patient perform care measures or other actions involving manipulative tasks or ambulation” Supportive – educative systems – “for situations where the patient is able to perform required measures of externally or internally oriented therapeutic self-care but cannot do so without assistance”

15. Design and elements of nursing system define: Scope of nursing responsibility in health care situations General and specific roles of nurses and patients Reasons for nurses’ relationship with patients Orem recognized that specialized technologies are usually developed by members of the health profession

16. A technology is systematized information about a process or a method for affecting some desired result through deliberate practical endeavor, with or without use of materials or instruments. Categories of technologies: Social or interpersonal Regulatory technologies

17. Need Further Help? For Downloads, Inquiries, and Assistance: Email: [email protected] Phone: [phone] Website: www.pubmedico.com Feel free to reach out for help with your thesis, research requirements, or any other academic support. We're here to assist you every step of the way!

18. MAJOR ASSUMPTIONS People should be self-reliant and responsible for their own care and others in their family needing care. People are distinct individuals. Nursing is a form of action – interaction between two or more persons.

19. MAJOR ASSUMPTIONS

20. THEORETICAL ASSERTIONS The model shows that when an individual’s self-care capabilities are less than the therapeutic self-care demand, the nurse compensates for the self-care or dependent care deficits.

21. DEFINITIONS OF DOMAIN CONCEPTS

22. Nursing  is  art, a helping service, and a technology Actions deliberately selected and performed by nurses to help individuals or groups under their care to maintain or change conditions in themselves or their environments Encompasses the patient’s perspective of health condition, the physician’s perspective , and the nursing perspective

23. Nursing Goal of nursing – to render the patient or members of his family capable of meeting the patient’s self care needs To maintain a state of health To regain normal or near normal state of health in the event of disease or injury To stabilize, control, or minimize the effects of chronic poor health or disability

24. Health Health and healthy are terms used to describe living things. It is when they are structurally and functionally whole or sound …wholeness or integrity. .includes that which makes a person human,…operating in conjunction with physiological and psychophysiological mechanisms and a material structure and in relation to and interacting with other human beings.

25. Environment Environment components are enthronement factors, enthronement elements, conditions, and developed environment

26. Human being

27. Nursing client A human being who has "health-related / health-derived limitations that render him incapable of continuous self care or dependent care or limitations that result in ineffective / incomplete care. A human being is the focus of nursing only when a self–care requisites exceeds self care capabilities

28. Nursing problem - deficits in universal, developmental, and health derived or health related conditions Nursing process - A system to determine: why a person is under care a plan for care the implementation of care Nursing therapeutics - deliberate,  systematic and purposeful action.

29. LOGICAL FORM Deductive Thinking

30. Application of the Theory in Nursing

31. Education Orem’s self-care deficit theory has been the focus of the curriculum in nursing education at many schools of nursing.

32. Research The self-care theory provided conceptual framework for many researches.

33. RESEARCH ON OREM'S THEORY Self-care requirements for activity and rest: an Orem nursing focus Nursing diagnoses in patients after heart catheterization--contribution of Orem Self-care--the contribution of nursing sciences to health care Self-care: a foundational science Orem's self-care deficit nursing theory: its philosophic foundation and the state of the science Orem's theory in practice. Hospice nursing care

34. CRITIQUE Empirical Precision – can be, and has been, used for research. Derivable Consequences – provides a general framework to direct nursing action; the relationships explained and implied are useful in explaining patiency and the nurse-patient relationship; the theory directs nursing practice, the stated goal; addresses educational practice for nurses

35. CRITIQUE Simplicity – The conceptual framework appears simple. Subconcepts are identified to express the substantive structure of the six broad conceptual elements of the theory. Generality – The theory is expressed as universal. It is a theory of nursing regardless of time or place.

36. REFERENCES

37. THANK YOU!