Dr. Ranjith.B.M THE LEGEND IN AYURVEDA

PANCHA LAVANA

1. LAVANA VARGA SEMINAR ON GUIDE Dr. Shankar gowda , HOD(UG), Dept of RS&BK, T.G.A.M.C bellary . H.O.D PROF. Dr. M.S.DODDAMANI M.D .( ayu ) HOD, Dept of RS&BK T.G.A.M.C BELLARY. BY, Dr. RANJITH.B.M . Dr. 2nd YEAR PG SCHOLAR DEPT. OF RS & BK

2. CONTENTS Word derivation Historical background Occurrence Source Types Synonyms and its meaning Grahya and Agrahyata Mineralogical identification Comparison of ayurvedic & minerological identification Historical order of shodhana Historical order of Marana Guna Karma properties Mode of action in detail Dose Anupana Therapeutic use Pathya & apathaya Modern aspect of drug All yoga Yoga containing pancha lavana Reasearch work & article Photo Bibilography

3. INTRODUCTION Lavana shabda nirukti According to shabdakalpa druma the word meaning of lavana is “ sÉÑlÉÉÌiÉ CÌiÉ sÉuÉhÉqÉç ” means which is having chedhana property. N Number of salts are described in various ayurvedic texts out of which some are not available in present day.

4. Ashtanga Hridaya sÉuÉhÉ : xiÉqpÉxÉ …¡ ûÉiÉoÉlkÉÌuÉkqÉÉmÉlÉÉåÅÎalÉM×üiÉç || xlÉåWûlÉ : xuÉåSlÉxiÉϤhÉÉå UÉåcÉlÉxNåûSpÉåSèM×üiÉç | ( A.¾èû.xÉÑ.10/12) Ashtanga samgaraha sÉuÉhÉ : xiÉqpÉoÉlkÉxÉ †¡ ûÉiÉÌuÉkqÉÉmÉlÉ : xÉuÉïUxÉmÉëirÉlÉÏMüÉå SÏmÉlÉÉå UÉåcÉlÉ : mÉÉcÉlÉ : YsÉåSlÉ : zÉÉåwÉhÉ : xlÉåWûlÉ : xuÉåSlÉÉå pÉåSlÉ : NåûSlÉ , xÉUÉå urÉuÉÌrÉ ÌuÉMüÉwÉÏ WûUÌiÉ mÉuÉlÉÇ ÌuÉwrÉlSrÉÌiÉ MüTÇü ÌuÉzÉÉåkÉrÉÌiÉ xÉëÉåiÉÉÇÍxÉ lÉÉÌiÉaÉÑ : ÎxlÉakÉiÉϤhÉÉåwhɶÉç ||( A.xÉ.xÉÑ.18/11-12)

5. Charaka sÉuÉhÉÉå UxÉ : mÉÉcÉlÉ : YsÉåSlÉÉå SÏmÉlɶrÉÉuÉlÉzNåûSlÉÉå pÉåSlÉxiÉϤhÉ : xÉUÉåÌuÉMüÉxrÉkÉ:xÉëÇxrÉuÉMüÉzÉMüUÉå uÉÉiÉWûU : xiÉqpÉoÉlkÉxÉ †¡ ûÉiÉÌuÉkÉqÉlÉ : xÉuÉïUxÉmÉëirÉlÉÏMüpÉÑiÉ :, AÉxrÉqÉÉxÉëÉuÉrÉÌiÉ , MüTÇüÌuÉwrÉlSrÉÌiÉ , qÉÉaÉÉïlÉç ÌuÉzÉÉåkÉrÉÌiÉ , zÉuÉïzÉUÏUÉuÉrÉuÉÉlÉç qÉ×SÒMüUÉåÌiÉ , UÉåcÉrÉirÉÉWûÉUqÉç , AÉWûÉUrÉÉåaÉÏ , lÉÉirÉjÉïçÇ aÉÑ : ÎxlÉakÉ EwhÉɶÉç | (cÉ.xÉ.xÉÑ.26/43)

6. Sushruta sÉuÉhÉ : xÉÇzÉÉåkÉlÉ : mÉÉcÉlÉÉå ÌuÉxsÉåwÉhÉ : YsÉåSlÉ : zÉæÍjÉsrÉM×üSÒwhÉ : xÉuÉïUxÉmÉëirÉlÉÏMüÉå qÉÉaÉïÌuÉzÉÉåkÉlÉ : xÉuÉïzÉUÏUÉuÉrÉuÉqÉÉSïuÉMüUxcÉåÌiÉ || (xÉÑ.xÉ.xÉÑ.42/10-13)

7. Historical background In Samhita Kala- Charaka Samhita - Lavana Skanda , Annapana vidhi Adhyaya Sushruta Samhita - Mishrakadi gana Astanga hrudaya - Annapanadi varga Laghu trayi - Bhavaprkasha - Haritakyadi Varga Lavana explained in different classics Name of texts No of lavanas explained Chapter name Charaka samhita 15 Lavana skandha cha/vi 8 th chapter Shushruta samhita 6 Su.su 46/313 Astanga hrudaya 6 In aushadha varga

8. Lavana explained in Rasa classics 1. Rasa Hrudaya Tantra Lavana 9 th Avabhodha , lavana kshara nirupana , 9/7 2. Rasarnava 5 5 patala / 32 3. Rasa Ratnakara 5 2/ 8 4. Rasendra Chudamani 8 9/9-10 5. Rasa prakasha Sudhakara Only Vida has been mentioned ÌuÉQûÇ ÌWû MüjrÉiÉå iɲixÉuÉïSÉåwÉWûUÇ mÉUqÉç 6/80 6. Rasa Ratna Samucchya 6 Paribhasha 7. Ananda Kanda Lavanas varga not explained but lavana , Kshara Dosha nasaka Upaya explained 8. Rasa Tarangini 5 Paribhasaha prakarana

9. 09.Rasa darpana 3 & 5 Paribhasha prakarana 10.Rasendra darpana 10 Paribhasha prakarana 11. Rasopanishit 7 4 th 10-11 12.Rasendra sambhava 10 Paribhasha prakarana 166-167 13. Rasamruta 6 Lavana Kshara vignaniya adhyaya 14. Rasendra Sara Samgraha 6 1 chapter 104 15. Rasa Chandamshu 6 Amla lavana varga adhyaya parakara 16. Rasa Bindu 6 Paribhasha prakarana 17. Rasa Jala Nidhi 6 3 rd volume 6/1

10. Tri lavana सिन्धुजं रुचकं पाक्यमेतत् त्रिलवणं स्म्रुतम्। Ruchaka - sourchala lavana Pakya - vida Lavana panchaka or pancha lavana xÉælkÉuÉgcÉÉÅjÉ xÉÉqÉÑSìÇ ÌuÉQûÇ xÉÉæuÉcÉïsÉÇ iÉjÉÉ | UÉåqÉMügcÉåÌiÉ विज्ञेया oÉÑkÉæsÉïuÉhÉ mÉgcÉMüqÉ || U. iÉ 3/ According to r.r.s Lavana ’ are six in number, - samudrum , saindhava , vidam , sauvarchala , romaka , and chullika lavana .

11. sÉuÉhÉ mÉrÉÉïrÉ / xÉÉqÉÉlrÉ aÉÑhÉ sÉuÉhÉÉÇ mÉOÒû sÉÉåiÉÇ cÉ sÉÉålÉÇ ÍvÉuÉÇ cÉ MüjrÉiÉå | sÉuÉhÉ xÉÉqÉÉlrÉ aÉÑhÉ sÉuÉhÉÈ vÉÉåkÉlÉÉå ÂcrÉÈ mÉÉcÉlÉÈ MüTüÌmɨÉSÈ | U.eÉ.ÌlÉ.3

12. Saindhava lavana Eng -rock salt तत्रापि सैन्धवं मुख्यं विव्द्द्भि परिकीर्तितम् । E£åü sÉuÉhÉ xÉÉqÉlrÉå xÉælkÉuÉÇ ÌuÉÌlÉrÉÉåeÉrÉåiÉç | R T 2/5 In anukta paribhasha in general word lavana is mentioned then saindhava has to be taken. EimÉꬃ - R.T 14/121 mÉgcÉqoÉÑuÉÌiÉïÌlÉ ÍxÉlkÉÉåÈ mÉÔuÉïpÉÉaÉå ÌuÉvÉåwÉiÉÈ | ÍvÉsÉÉåccÉrÉZÉlÉÉæ ÍxÉlkÉÑmÉsÉÇ xÉqÉÑmÉqoÉiÉå || It originates from panjab pradesh , western part of sindhu river, its available in shilochhaya khana means originated from parvateeya pradesh , naturally originated not artificially prepared. Synonyms of Saindhva lavana xÉælkÉuÉÈ ÍxÉlkÉÑsÉuÉhÉÉ ÍxÉlkÉÑijÉÇ ÍxÉlkÉÑSåvÉeÉqÉç | U.iÉ

13. aÉÑhÉ - MüqÉï xÉælkÉuÉÇ sÉuÉhÉÇ WØû±Ç uÉ×wrÉÇ lÉå§rÉÇ ÂÍcÉmÉëSqÉç | mÉÉcÉlÉÇ SÏmÉgcÉæuÉ Ì§ÉSÉåwÉvÉqÉlÉÇ mÉUqÉç || uÉëhÉSÉåwÉWûUÇ vÉÏiÉÇ ÎxlÉakÉÇ sÉbÉÑ ÌuÉoÉlkÉÎeÉiÉç | qÉ×SÒuÉÏrÉïÇ ÌmɨÉWûUÇ ÌuÉoÉÑkÉæÈ mÉËUMüÐÌiÉïiÉqÉç || U.iÉ 14/116-120 Guna - Sheeta , Snigdha , Laghu , Mruduvirya Karma- Hrudya , Vrushya , Netrya , Ruchikaraka , Pachana , Deepana , Tridoshanashaka , Vranadosha Shamana , Vibandha hara , Pittahara , Nighantu Guna Karma Dhanvantari Shishira , Snigdha , swadu , tridosha hara , hrudya , netra rogagna , Vrana nashaka , Arochka nashaka , Avidahi , Vibandhagna , Kaiyadeva Swadu , Deepana , Pachana , Laghu , Snigdha , Ruchya , Hima , Sukshma , netrya , tridoshahara

14. Amayika prayoga - xÉælkÉuÉÇ ZÉsÉÑ धतुरशिफ़या mÉËUmÉåÍvÉiÉqÉç | EwhÉÏM×üirÉ mÉëÍsÉmiÉÇiÉÑ uÉëhÉvÉÉåjÉWûUÉÇ mÉUqÉç || U iÉ 14/122 Saindhava lavana + Dattura moola swarasa paste is made applied as Ushna lepa on vrana , it reduces the vrana shotha and vedana .

15. Chemical composition of Saindhava Lavana Sodium Chloride- Nacl 97.6% Sodium Bicarbonate – NaHCO3- 0.007% Insoluble matter- 0.031% Also contains minor quantities of Magnesium chloride, calcium and Calcium sulphate .

16. Samudra lavana xÉqÉÑSìÇ sÉuÉhÉÇ ZrÉÉiÉÇ xÉqÉÑSìeÉsÉ xÉqpÉuÉqÉç | xÉqÉÑSìeÉÇ xÉÉaÉUeÉÇ qÉiÉÇ xÉÉqÉÑSìMügcÉ iÉiÉç || R .T 14/137 Samudraja - extracted from Sea water Sagaraja - origin form Sea water Samudraka - xÉÉqÉÑSìMü - xÉÉqÉÑSìqÉåuÉ xuÉÉjÉåï MüÉlÉç - xÉÉqÉÑSìsÉuÉhÉqÉç | English – sea salt, common salt, table salt Utpatti - xÉqÉÑSì eÉsÉxÉÇvÉÉåwÉÉssÉuÉhÉÇ eÉÉrÉiÉå iÉÑ rÉiÉç | U iÉ 14/139 aÉÑhÉ - MüqÉï xÉqÉÑSì sÉuÉhÉÉÇ WØû±Ç ÂcrÉÇ ÎxlÉaSgcÉ SÏmÉlÉÇ | xÉɤÉÉUÇ pÉåÌS uÉÉiÉblÉÇ lÉÉirÉÑwhÉÇ lÉÉÌiÉvÉÏiÉsÉqÉç || U iÉ 14/138

17. Nighnatu Guna Karma Dhanvantari Nighantu Nati Ushana , Avidahi , Bhedana , Snigdha , Shulaghna , Naati pittala Kaiyadeva nighantu Madhura vipaka , Katu Rasa, Guru, Naati ushna virya , Mala bhedaka , Avidahi , Snigdha , Swadu , Vataghna , Shleshmala , Nati Pittala .

18. Samudra Lavana Definition- Samudra Lavana is a Halite mineral, described as sea salt.( NaCl ). Broad Classification- Halite Origin and Occurrence- Samudra lavana is formed as extensive irregular beds due to evaporation of sea water in saltpans along with seashores in India. Samudra Lavana occurs in Association of gypsum, poly halite, anhydrate, clay, sand stone and calcite etc in these pans. Some commercial saltpans in India are Tuthukkudi ( Tuticorin ) in Tamilnadu , Cambay in Gujarat, Sambhar lake in Rajasthan. Nature : Crystalline coarse grained aggregates Colour : White / off white Cleavage : Perfect cubic Fracture : Conchoidal Lustre : Vitreous Tenacity : Brittle Transparency : Transparent Hardness : 2.5 Sp. Gr. : 1.98 to 2.2 Taste : Salty

19. Identification test- Effect on heat- crystals of Samudra lavana taken in porceline plate, blow a burner flame through blowpipe over the lavana . The colour of the flame becomes deep yellow indicating the presence of sodium. When heated on blowpipe, Samudra lavana , crackels and decrepitates and addition of copper oxide to it gives the usual blue chlorine flame. Chemical test- take 5 gm of Samudra lavana , and dissolve it in purified water, Add a freshly prepared 5% of Sliver nitrate(AgNO3) drop by drop to this solution , A white precipitate of silver chloride( AgCl ) is formed. Assay - Sāmudra Lavana should contain not less than 35% Sodium (Na) when analysed by flame photometry. Sāmudra Lava´a should contain not less than 58% Chlorine ( Cl ) Heavy metals and Arsenic: Sāmudra Lavana should not contain more than the stated limits for the following: - Lead = 12 ppm , Arsenic = 4 ppm Cadmium = 4 ppm

20. Vida Lavana xÉɤÉÉUÇ SÏmÉlÉÇ xÉѤqÉÇ zÉÑsɾèSìÉåaÉlÉÉzÉlÉqÉç | UÉåcÉlÉÇ iÉϤhÉqÉÑwhÉÇ cÉ ÌoÉQÇû uÉÉiÉÉlÉÑsÉÉåqÉlÉqÉç || (xÉÑ.xÉ.xÉÑ.46/316) English – sanchal salt Synonyms- Dravida - SìÉÌuÉQû SåvÉå pÉuÉÈ || ÌuÉQûsÉuÉhÉqÉç | Asura - AxÉÑUÉrÉ pÉuÉÇ | ÌuÉQûsÉuÉhÉqÉç | Vit lavana - In Rasendra Chudamani - Vida lavana is prepared by burning the Kareeru pilu kasta

21. Vida lavana preparation Method 1 st method 28 ser Sambhara Lavana is powdered to that 50 tola Amlalaki churna is mixed. ¼th part of above mixture is taken, powdered and sieved nicely, filled into narrow mouthed mud vessel. Heated with intense fire up to 2hrs, when the middle part of the mud pot becomes red hot the remaining mixture is added and paka is done up to 2 yama ( 6hr). After swanga sheeta the vida lavana is collected. The obtained quantity of Vida Lavana is 24 tola . 2 nd method 80 tola Romaka Lavana and 10 tola dried Amalaka churna is taken powdered nicely and mixed well. And filled into narrow mouthed mud pot smeared with multani mitti . Heated with intense fire for 2yama( 6hrs). After swanga sheeta the Vida lavana is collected. Vida Lavana Guna - karma ÌuÉQûÇ ÃcrÉgcÉ iÉϤhÉÉåwhÉÇ xÉÔ¤qÉÇ sÉbÉÑ cÉ SÏmÉlÉqÉç | xɤÉÉUÇ ह्रुध्य qÉÔkuÉÉïkÉÈ MüTüuÉÉiÉÉlÉÑsÉÉåqÉlÉqÉç || AeÉÏhÉÉïlÉÉWû ÌuɹqpÉWûUÇ vÉÔsÉÌuÉpÉlkÉÎeÉiÉç | WØûSaÉÉæUuÉmÉëvÉqÉlÉÇ uÉÉiÉblÉgcÉ mÉëMüÐÌiÉïiÉqÉç || U iÉ 14/142

22. Chemical composition of Vida lavana Sodium chloride- ( NaCl )- 93.7% Total sulphide - Na2S- 0.121% Iron (Fe)- 0.0089% Nighnatu Guna Karma Dhanvantari Nighantu Sakshara , Deepana , Shoola , Hrudroga , Kapha Nashana , Rochana , Tikshna , Ushana , Vatanulomaka Kaiyadeva nighantu Kshara , Urdhva , & Adha vatanulomana , Deepna , Laghu , Teekshana , Ushana , Ruchya , Vyavayi , Vibandha hara , Vishtambha Hara, Anaha Hara, Hrudroga and Shoola Hara.

23. Sauvarchala Lavana xÉÉæuÉcÉïsÉÇ cÉ ÂcÉMüÇ ÃcrÉMüÇ WØû±aÉlkÉMüqÉç | A¤ÉgcÉ M×üwhÉsÉuÉhÉÇ uÉæ MüÉsÉsÉuÉhÉÇ xqÉ×iÉqÉç || U iÉ 14/ 153 xÉÉæuÉcÉïsÉ - xÉÉæuÉcÉïsÉå SåvÉå pÉuÉqÉç xÉcÉsÉuÉhÉqÉç | vÉ Mü S 5/427 ÂcÉMü - ÂcÉÌiÉ AlÉålÉåÌiÉ ÂcÉ | xÉÉæuÉcÉïsÉ sÉuÉhÉ | WØû±aÉlkÉMü - WØû±Éå aÉlkÉÉåÅxrÉ - xÉÉæuÉcÉïsÉ sÉuÉhÉ | A¤É- xÉÉæuÉcÉïsÉ sÉuÉhÉ M×üwhÉsÉuÉhÉ - M×üwhÉÇ sÉuÉhÉÇ – xÉÉæuÉcÉïsÉÉ sÉuÉhÉÇ - MüÉcÉ sÉuÉhÉ - UÉeÉÌlÉbÉÇOÒû English name – sochal salt, black salt

24. Sauvarchala Nirmana Prakara ÌuÉvÉÑkSÇ xuÉÎeÉïMüɤÉÉUÇ cÉiÉÑwmÉsÉÍqÉiÉÇ WûUåiÉç | SìÉuÉrÉåSjÉ rɦÉålÉ iÉÉårÉåŹmÉsÉxÉÇÍqÉiÉå || rÉÉiÉÏWû SìuÉiÉÉÇ rÉuÉiÉç iÉÉuɨÉÑ xÉælkÉuÉÇ iÉjÉÈ | xÉeÉÏïMüÉrÉ SìuÉå rɦÉÉ̳ÉͤÉmÉåÌ°wÉeÉÉÇ uÉUÈ || iÉjÉÈ xÉÑÌuÉqÉsÉå mÉɧÉå lrÉxrÉ cÉÑssrÉÉÇ ÌlÉkÉÉmÉrÉåiÉç | mÉcÉå¨ÉÏuÉëÉÎalÉlÉÉMüÉqÉÇ iÉÉårÉgcÉ mÉËUvÉÉåwÉrÉåiÉç || ÌlÉÈvÉåwÉ xÉÍsÉsÉÇ ¥ ÉÉiuÉ ÌMüÎgcÉiMüÉsÉÇ mÉÑlÉÈ mÉcÉåiÉç | mÉÉMüvÉåwÉå cÉ sÉuÉhÉÇ ÂcÉMüÉZrÉÇ xÉqÉÉWûUåiÉç || U iÉ 14/156-159 4 pala of Swarjika kshara dissolved in 8 pala water . To that Saindhava Lavana is added till it becomes saturated. It is filterd in clean vessel. And heated with intense fire. After complete water evaporation it is heated some time to get the lavana crystals.

25. Sauvarchala lavana Guna –karma xÉÉæuÉcÉïsÉÇ qÉiÉÇ ह्रुध्य mÉÉcÉlÉÇ SÏmÉlÉÇ mÉUqÉç | UÉåcÉlÉÇ pÉåSlÉgcÉÉÌmÉ ÌuÉvÉSÇ uÉÉiÉlÉÉvÉlÉqÉç || xÉxlÉåWûÇ sÉbÉÑ aÉÑsqÉblÉÇ iÉÔkuÉïuÉÉiÉÉlÉÑsÉÉåqÉlÉqÉç | ÌuÉoÉlkÉÉlÉÉWûvÉÔsÉblÉÇ eÉliuÉÉUÉåcÉMülÉÉvÉlÉqÉç || U iÉ 14/154-155 Nighnatu Guna Karma Dhanvantari Nighantu Laghu , Ushna virya , Vishada , Katu , Gulma , Shoola , Vibandha , Hrudya , Surbhi , Rochana Kaiyadeva nighantu Ruchka , deepna , Hrudya , Vishada , Laghu , Ushna Virya , Katu Vipaka , Sugandhi , Udgara Shodhaka , Teekshana , Shoola vibandha Hara. Chemical composition Sodium chloride- 97.8% w/w Total sulphides ( Na2S) – 0.918% w/w Iron- 0.030% w/w Insoluble matter- 0.07% w/w

26. Romaka Lavana ; English name – sambhar salt UÉåqÉMüÇ UÉåqÉsÉuÉhÉÇ UÉæqÉgcÉ UÉæqÉMüÇ qÉiÉqÉç | vÉÉMüqpÉUÏrÉgcÉ aÉQûÇ xÉÉqpÉÉUÇ xÉqpÉUÉå°uÉqÉç || U iÉ 14/160 UÉåqÉMü - UÉåqÉå MüÉrÉiÉÏÌiÉ , | mÉÉÇvÉÑsÉuÉhÉqÉç || which is available near river Roma. UÉåqÉsÉuÉhÉ - ;; UÉæqÉ - ÂqÉÉrÉÇ sÉuÉhÉMüUå pÉuÉqÉç | vÉÉqpÉUÏ sÉuÉhÉqÉç | vÉÉMüqpÉUÏ - vÉÉMåülÉ ÌoÉpÉÌiÉï | lÉaÉU ÌuÉvÉåwÉÉ aÉQû-aÉQû SåvÉÉeeÉÉiÉÇ sÉuÉhÉqÉç – xÉÇuÉUSåvÉÉå¯uÉ sÉuÉhÉqÉç | xÉÉqpÉÉU - xÉÉqpÉÉU SåvÉå pÉuÉqÉç | aÉQ sÉuÉhÉÇ | now it is considered as the lake near ajmeer .

27. Properties / Chemical composition Appearance- circular crystals Colour - Whitish gray Consistency – Hard Solubality - Dissloved in water Chemical composition – Sodium chloride- NaCl - 97.1% w/w Total sulphide - Na2S- 0.060%w/w Sodium Bicarbonate- NaHCO3- 0.049%

28. Audbida Lavana Nighnatu Guna Karma Dhanvantari Nighantu AéæÌ°SÇ mÉÉÇvÉÑsÉuÉhÉUÉåqÉMüÇ uÉxÉÑMüÇ uÉxÉÑ | FwÉUÇ mÉÉÇxÉuɤÉÉUqÉÉæuÉÉï xÉÉuÉïaÉÑhÉ iÉjÉÉ | sÉbÉÑ iÉϤhÉÉåwhÉqÉÑiYsÉåÌS xÉÔ¤qÉÇ uÉÉiÉÉlÉÑsÉÉåqÉlÉqÉç | xÉÌiÉ£üÇ MüOÒûMüÇ ¤ÉÉUÇ ÌuɱÉiÉç sÉuÉhÉqÉÉæÌ°SqÉç | Kaiyadeva nighantu AéæÌ°SÇ mÉÉÍjÉïuÉÇ cÉÉærÉïÇ pÉÔqrÉÑijÉÇ mÉ×jÉuÉÏpÉuÉqÉç | pÉÔqrÉÉ EÌ°±É eÉÉiÉxrÉ ¤ ÉÉUiÉÉårÉxrÉ vÉÉåwÉhÉÉiÉç | UÎvqÉÍpÉuÉïÌ»ûlÉÉ uÉÉjÉ YuÉÉjÉÉiÉç MüOÒûMüqÉÉæÌ°SqÉç | AéæÌ°SÇ iÉϤhÉqÉÑiYsÉåÍvÉ xɤÉÉUÇ MüOÒûÌiÉ£üMüqÉç || U£üsÉÇ sÉbÉÑ iÉϤhÉÉåwhÉÇ xÉÔ¤qÉÇ uÉÉiÉÉlÉÑsÉÉåqÉlÉqÉç ||

29. Properties / chemical compositions In saline earth soil is found mixed with alkaline or saltish substance which is called in Reha in Hindi. It is mixed in water then decanted, filtered and dried either in sunrays or on fire, the material obtained is known as Audbida Lavana . Appearance- crystaline Colour - Greyish white Constistency - Hard Solubility- dissolves in water. Chemical composition – Sodium Chloride- NaCl - 94.10% Total Sulphide - 0.042 %w/w Sodium Bicarbonate- NaHCO3- 0.049%

30. Chullika / Chulika lavana lavana - It is the Synonym of navasadara , the name comes as it is obtained in walls of the Agnichullika or Bhatti . It is also prepared by burning the Kareera Peelu Kasta . It is one the Sadharana rasa , explained in sadharana rasa varga , only name has been mentioned in Lavana varga . Chulika Lavana is added in Lavana varga by Rasa hrudaya Tantra and Rasarnava , Rasa Ratna Samuchaya .

31. Lavana rasa guna avaguna Rasendra Sambhava - Lavana rasa is having sthambana action, sanghatavad , agnikruth , used in snehana , & swedana , teekshna guna , karmas like rochana , chedana , bhedana . Atiyoga leads to palitya , khalitya , trushana , kushta , visha dosha , visarpa , and balakshaya .

32. Saindhava Lavana Sauvarchala lavana Vida lavana Samudra Lavana Romaka Lavana Audbida Lavana Sodium Chloride Sodium Bicarbonate – NaHCO3- Insoluble matter Also contains 97.6% 0.007% 0.031% minor quantities of Magnesium chloride, calcium and Calcium sulphate 97.8% 0.198% 0.07% Iron – 0.030% 93.7% 0.121% 0.0089% fe – 0.0089 %w/w 91.3% 0.121% 0.0089% 97.1% 0.060% 0.049% 94.1% 0.042% 0.049%

33. Lavana used in Shodhana of Rasa Dravya Parada samanya Shodhana - LMåülÉ sÉvÉÑlÉålÉÉÌmÉ vÉÑkSÉåpÉÌuÉÌiÉ mÉÉUSÈ | ÌmɹÉå sÉuÉhÉxÉÇrÉÑ£üÉå qÉÉxÉæMüÇ iÉmiÉZÉsuÉMåü || AÉ mÉë xuÉhÉïqÉÉͤÉMü vÉÉåkÉlÉ - qÉÉͤÉMüxrÉ § ÉrÉÉåpÉÉaÉ pÉÉaÉæMüÇ xÉælkÉuÉxrÉ cÉ | qÉÉiÉÑsÉÑXçaÉSìuÉæuÉÉïjÉ eÉqoÉÏUxrÉ SìuÉæÈ mÉcÉåiÉç || cÉÉsÉrÉåssÉÉåWûeÉå mÉɧÉå rÉÉuÉmiÉɧÉÇ xÉÑsÉÉåÌWûiÉqÉç || xuÉhÉï vÉÉåkÉlÉ - MüwÉïmÉëqÉÉhÉÇ iÉÑ xÉÑuÉhÉïmɧÉÇ vÉUÉuÉÂkSÇ mÉOÒûkÉÉiÉÑrÉÑ£üÇ | AXçaÉÉUxÉÇxjÉÇ mÉëWûUÉkÉïqÉÉlÉÇ kqÉÉiÉålÉ iÉxrÉɳÉlÉÑmÉÔhÉï uÉhÉïqÉç || U U xÉ 5/ iÉÉqÉë vÉÉåkÉlÉ -

34. sÉÉåWû vÉÉåkÉlÉ - xÉqÉÑSì sÉuÉhÉÉå mÉåiÉÇ iÉmiÉÇ ÌlÉuÉïÌmÉiÉÇ ZÉsÉÑ | ̧ÉTüsÉÉ YuÉÍjÉiÉå lÉÔlÉÇ ÌaÉËUSÉåwÉqÉrÉÉxirÉeÉåiÉç || U U xÉ 5/104 MüÉÇxrÉ vÉÉåkÉlÉ – qÉÉUhÉ Ì§É¤ÉÉUÇ mÉgcÉsÉuÉh ÉÇ xÉmiÉkÉÉÅqsÉålÉ pÉÉuÉrÉåiÉç | MüÉÇxrÉÉÅÅUMÔüOû mɧÉÉÍhÉ iÉålÉ MüsMåülÉ sÉåmÉrÉåiÉç || U U xÉ 5/ Lavana used in Marana – In the preparation of Haratala Bhasma – Saindhava Lavana is used. Lavana Varga Dravya used in Satvapatana - Navasadara ( chullika Lavana ) used in Vaikranta Satva Patna. (RRS 2/ 70) Rasaka satvapatana - Saindvalavana is used (R R S 2/58)

35. mÉÉUS qÉÑZÉMüUhÉ - AjÉ wÉQûÌoÉlSÒMüÐOæû¶É UxÉÉå qÉkÉÉïÎx§ÉuÉÉUqÉç | sÉuÉhÉÉqsÉæqÉÑZÉÇ iÉxrÉ eÉÉrÉiÉå aÉëÉxÉsÉÉåsÉÑmÉqÉç || AÉ mÉë

36. Lavana used in the Jarana process MülÉMü eÉÉUhÉ ÌuÉÍkÉ- sauvarchala Lavana is used in the process of kanaka Jarana . UxÉ mÉëMüÉvÉ xÉÑkÉÉMüU --- iÉÉqÉëmÉɧÉxjÉqÉqsÉÇ uÉæ xÉælkÉuÉålÉ xÉqÉÎluÉiÉqÉç |

37. Lavana used in Parada Bandha - Chulika lavana ( Navasadara ) is used in Jalauka Bandha 9 th vidhi - R R S 11/110-111 Rasa bhasma Sevana pathaya - Saindhava lavana is one of the pathya dravaya mentioned in Rasa Bhasma sevana Pathayas . R R S 11 Lavana’s used in Yantra – 1. Garbha yantra - Saindava lavana is used for the lepa of Musha used in Garbha yantra . R R S 9/30-32 2. Lavana is one among the pancha mruttika - Istika , Gairika , Lona , Bhasma , Valmeeka mruttika . Importance of Lavana Varga Dravya – SìÉuÉhÉÈ vÉÉåkÉlÉÈ xÉuÉïsÉÉåWûÉlÉÇ pÉxqÉlÉÉqÉÌmÉ | U cÉÑ 9/ 10 Lavans are used in Dravanartha , Shodhanartha , and in the preparation of Bhasma .

38. Lavana Dosha nashaka Upaya MåüiÉMüÐxiÉlÉeÉqoÉÏUÇ mÉëirÉWûÇ MÑüQÒûoÉÇ ÌmÉoÉåiÉç | xÉmiÉuÉÉxÉU mÉrÉïliÉÇ mÉëÉiÉsÉïuÉhÉSÉåwÉWØûiÉç || AÉ Mü 6/ 18-19 Ketaki tvak swarasa and Jambeera swarasa is mixed and taken in 1 kudava pramana and drikned in early morning for 7 days cure the Lavana doshas .

39. Salt Salt is a chemical compound made up of sodium and chloride which has been exceptionally important for humans for the substance upon which all the life evolved to depend. Salt’s ability to preserve food was a foundation of civilization. It helped to eliminate dependence on seasonal availability of food and it allowed to travel over long distance. Salt was difficult to obtain and it was highly valued trade to the point of being considered form of currency by certain people.

40. Source There are many sources of salt, sea water and sodium chloride mineral Halite ( also known as rock salt). Rock salt occurs in bed of sedimentary evaporate mineral that result from the drying up enclosed lakes. Salt is extracted from the underground beds by mining The solution mining salt reaches the surface as brine from which the water is evaporated leaving salt crystals. Mol.Formula Nacl Melting Point 801 C Boiling Point 1465 C Density 2.16g/cm 3 Sol. In water 35.9g/100ml Hardness 2.5 Appearance White colorless solid Molar mass 58.442g/mol

41. Kala namak / Himalayan Black salt Kala Namak known as sulemans namak , black salt or kaala noon, is a type of rock salt. It is a salty and pungent smelling condiments used in south asia . It is composed of largely sodium chloride with several other components leading the salt its colour and smell. The smell is mainly due to sulphur content. Due to the presence of Fe3S4 , this salt forms a brownish pink crystals, when ground into a powder it is light purple to pink in colour . Raw material producing kala namak was originally obtained from natural halite from Bangladesh, Nepal, Pakistan and in certain locations of Himalayan salt range. It is also obtained from Sambhar salt lake in Rajasthan.

42. Yogas Agnikaro Rasa Agnikumara Rasa dvitiya Agnikumara Rasa (3) Agnikumara Rasa (15) Agnikumara Rasa (17) Agnikumara Rasa (20) Agnikumara Rasa (21) Agnitundi Vati Agnideepana Vati Agniprabhavi Rasa Agnimukha churnam Agnimukha Tamram Agnimukha Rasa Agnisandeepana Rasa Agnisandeepana Rasa Achintya Shakti Rasa Ajeernagajankusha Rasa Ajeerna hara Rasa Anala Rasa Apasmaragajankusha Rasa Abhrabadda Rasa Amareshvara Rasa Amrutapala Rasa Amrutanka Rasa Amlapittantaka Rasa Ayaskruti Ardhanarinateshwara Rasa Arshakuthara Rasa Astayamika Vati ( Astapraharika Vati ) Aaditya Rasa Anadabhairava Rasa ( 12) Ananda Rasa Amavatari vatika Arogyaragi Rasa

43. Icchabhedi Rasa Udayabhaskara Rasa Udayabhaskara Rasa (8) Udayabhaskara Rasa (11) Udaravallabha Rasa Udaramayakumba kesari Ekaangavatagna Rasa Kankala khechari vati Kanakavati vati Kaphakunjara Rasa Karavala Bhairava Rasa Karunasagara Rasa Karpura Rasa Karpuara Rasa ( Sudhanidhi Rasa) Kalpa Rasa Kaamadeepaka Rasa Kaamadeva Vati Kaamagnisandeepana Modaka Kaameshavara modaka Kaalakalantaka Vati Kaalagni Rudra Rasa Kaalari Rasa Kumuda praksha Rasa krimikantakara Rasa Kravyada Rasa Gandamalakhandana Rasa Gandhaka druti ( Rajavitika ) Gandhaka Vati Garudagada Rasa Gulmanashana Rasa Gulmahara Rasa Grahanigajakeshari Rasa Grahnyari Rasa Chakradhara Rasa

44. Chakeshwara Rasa Chachatkutara Rasa Chandraprabha vati Chandramruta vati Chintamani Rasa Jayamangala Rasa Jatiphaladi Vati Jvaramattebha Kesari Rasa Jvaranta Loaha Jvalamukhi Rasa Taapanayasam Taamra yoga Talaka druti Taalaka vati Truptisagara rasa Trikatryadi loha Trigunakhya rasa Trinetra rasa Triphala Loha Triphala rasayana Trilochana Rasa Darada Bhasma Darubhasma Dugdha vati Drakshadi churna Nayanamruta Rasa Navanetrada vati Nagavalabha rasa Naracha rasa Naagasundara Rasa Nidhishvara Rasa Nrupati vallabha Rasa Panchagunja Rasa Panchagulama hara rasa Panchavaktra Rasa Panchatmaka rasa Panchanana jvarankusha Rasa Panchanana Vati

45. Paneeyabhakta Vati Paradadi Lepa Parvati Rasa Pashupata rasa Pittavidvansana rasa( Bhadrakali rasa ) Peetaka churna Poornedu Rasa Pralayanala rasa Praneshwara rasa Brahmastra Rasa Bhallataka Loha Bhanuchudamani rasa Bhaskara rasa Bhutanatha Rasa Madana Bhairava Rasa Madanankusha Tankana

46. Formulations containing panchalavana Lavana Bhaskara churna - Pippali Pippalimul Danyaka Jeeraka dwaya Panchalavana Tejapatra Talisapatra Nagakesara Maricha Shunti Twak Dadima Amlavetasa Ela

47. Chitrakadi vati Chitraka Pippali mula Yava kshara Sarja kshara Samudra lavana Sourchala lavana Saindava lavana Vida lavana Oudbida lavana Trikatu Hingu Ajamoda Chavya - all 1 part Matulunga - bhavana dravya Dadma swarasa

48. Maha shanka vati Kajjali Shankha bhasma Vatsanabha Trikatu Panchalavana indication- kasa , bhagandara , twak roga , meha , pandu

49. Shankha vati Parada Gandhaka - ½ karsha Vatsanabha-3karsha Maricha Shanka bhasma - 4karsha Nagara Sarja kshara Sh.hingu Pippali Saindava Sourchala Bida Samudra Aoudbidha-5 karsha Jambeera swarasa bhavana

50. Agnitundi vati Parada Gandhaka Vatsanabha Chitraka Dwi kshara Pancha lavana Ajamoda Triphala Jeeraka Vidanga Tankana Kupilu Bhavana dravya - jambeera

51. Udayabhaskara rasa Parada Gandhaka Tankana Jayapala Trikatu Dwikshara Panchalavana Indication- amavata Dose- 1 ratti

52. Saindhava lavana

53. Sauvarchla lavana Romaka Lavana

54. Vida Lavana Audbida Lavana

55. Research Articles 1. Lavana varga in Ayurveda a review – Devanathan R, CARISM, Tanjavur , Tamilnadu . In this Article total 15 lavanas are mentioned which are explined in charaka Samhita vimana Sthana Saindhava Sauvarchala Kala Vida Pakya Anupa Kupya Valuka Maulaka Samudra Romaka Audbidha Oshara Pateyaka Pamshuja Lavana - An an Ayurvedic outlook o Saindhava (rock salt) – Neelesh Khandevala etal , IPGT&RAJamnagar .

56. Discussion Lavanas are known since ancient times, history says that stone age, bronze age civilivizations used salts to preserve the meat. In Samhita kala , Lavana Varga is mentioned in all the brihatrayi . Nighantus described the each lavana guna karma in detail. In Rasa classic Lavanas are explained in Paribhasha prakarana . Lavana trika and Lavana panchaka , and shat lavanas and sapta lavana 10 lavanas are mentioned in Rasa classics. what is Audbhida Lavana - Audbhida lavana is explained in Nighantus , an in Rasendra sambhava . In Nighantus it is explained as Parthiva , Parthiva Bhava , Pamshu lavana , Ushara , Pamsakshara In Kaiyadeva Nighantu it is prepared by Shoshana of Kshara toya . For this Prof Dattatrya Ananta kulkarni gives his opinion in Vaktavaya as, in Panjab , Bihar, Bangal some kind of alkaline lands are there, it is called as luniya in Hindi language, in these mud some part of salt also present , it is referred as Audbhida lavana .

57. What is Krishna Lavana - krishna lavana is the synonyms of Sauvarchala Lavana , but in kaiyadeva nighatu Krisna lavana and Sauvarchala lavana are described separately. He mentions that Krishna Lavana is devoid of Gandha and Sauvarchala is having characteristic odor. The Kala namak which is prepared artificially contains some sulphur in it, this may be the reason for its characteristic odour . What is Vida lavana - it is the one of the contraversial part of the Lavana varga , In Rasa classics Vida is used for the Jarana , Charana , and it is prepared by Adding Kshara , Amla , Mutra and Lavana , whether this Vida and Vida lavana are one and the same or not ?

58. What is Pamshu Lavana - Pamshu Lavana is described by Kaiyadeva Nighantu as Pamshuja , pamshulavana , or Ushara Kshara , - it may be the salt available in mines or mud ( Ushara bhumi ) which is like rock. What is kacha Lavana - kacha lavana also described by Kaiya deva, it termed as trikuta , Ushara Kshara etc , Which lavana is Used in lavana yantra - ? In Preparation of Rasa karpura by two classical method – in that one method is Lavana yantra paka - in that 16 kg of Saindhava lavana is used for the filling of Loha Bhanda .

59. Conclusion- Lavanas are the known since period, it is described in Samhita Nighantu Rasa Classics. In Rasa classic it is described under paribhasha prakarana . out of Lavana Varga Saindhava , Samudra , romaka are naturally occuring lavanas , and Sauvarchala and Vida are the artificially prepared lavanas . Lavanvarga dravya are used in Shodhana , Marana, and Paradadi karma. It is also used therapeutically in many Rasa Yoga. Saindhava lavana is taken as Rock salt. Samudra Lavana prepared from drying Sea water. Romaka Lavana – Salt of Sambhara lake in Rajasthan. Audbida Lavana - contains Some amount of Sarja Kshara . Sauvarchala Lavana – artificially prepared, Kala Namak Vida Lavana - Artificially prepared, it is also a kind of Kala Namak . Chulika Lavana - Navasadara - Ammonium chloride.

60. THANK YOU Dr. RANJITH.B.M.