Dr sathwik M S soil types purification methods

Soil types purification methods

1. soil

2. INTRODUCTION Soil is the upper most layer of earth’s crust. Soil is the thin layer of loose mixture of small rock particles and rooting organic matter that covers much of the worlds land surface SOIL FORMATION soil formation is very long process. It begins with the weathering of rocks into small fragments. The rock also worn away by the agents of erosion like river, wind, sea, and glacier The sediments and tiny rock particles are then deposited by the agents of erosion The accumulation of such sediments over the ages form soil.

3. Classification of Soils 1.Sandy soils - considerable depth Free from organic matter With dry ground air Considered as healthy soil

4. 2.Clay soils or Alluvial soils- Retention of water Cold and damp Required adequate drainage Alluvial soil are found in deltas of big rivers like Ganges

5. 3.Granitic metamorphic and Trap rocks : Healthy sites for the houses as they are dry owing to good drainage and sloppy nature of soil. Weathered granite is an exception, it becomes soft and absorbs water.

6. 4.Chalk,Sand stone, lime stone and magnesium limestone soil: All these soils are dry and considered as healthy soils . 5. Gravelly soils: Healthiest of all soils unless they are water logged . Water supply from gravelly soils is generally pure.

7. 6.Loamy soils: These soils are a mixture of sand ,clay and humus . 7. Filled or Made soil: Filled of with refuse Formation of Marsh gas, Hydrogen sulphide etc. give rise to nuisance smell is unfit for house construction for 20-25 years . 8. black soil dark in colour , suitable for cotton cultivation They swell and become sticky when wet and shrink when dried.

8. 9. Red Soil Formed due to weathering of ancient crystalline and metamorphic rocks Rich in potash and become fertile with the proper use of fertilizers and irrigation. 10. Laterite Soil Found in elevated areas which receives very high rain falls as a result top soil gets washes away The process is called leaching, the soil therefore loses fertility to A great extent.

9. Soil and health Soil are important for human health , approximately 78% of the average per capita calorie consumption worldwide comes from crops grown directly in soil. Soils are also source of nutrients and they act as natural filters to remove contaminants from water Quality food production and food security Negative health effect- heavy metals , organic chemicals, airborne dust Soil pathogens

10. Diseases Attributable to soil Infectious diseases Enteric fever, cholera, amoebic dysentery Due to pathogenic germs: Anthrax, tetanus, etc

11. Land pollution and prevention & control Land pollution refers to the deterioration of the earths land surface. It occurs mainly due to the indirect and direct effects of human activities. Causes: Garbage Factories Farming mining

12. Prevention Reducing Recycling Reuse Reforestation

13. Types of bhumi जांगलं वातभूयिष्ठं आनूपं तु कफोल्बणम् । साधारणं सममलं त्रिधा भूदेशमादिशेत् ।। ( अ. ह. सू . 1/23)

14. Jangala Deśa Lakşaņa (Characteristics ) आकाशसमः प्रविरलाल्पकंटकिवृक्षप्रायोऽल्पवर्ष प्रस्रवणोदपानोदकप्रायः उष्णदारुणवातः प्रविरलाल्पशैलःस्थिरकृशशरीरमनुष्यप्रायो वातपित्तरोग भूयिष्ठश्च जांगल ।। ( सु. सं. सू. 35/42)

15. Anupa Deśa (Marshy Land ) तत्र बहूदक निम्नोन्नत नदी वर्षगहनो मृदुशीतानिलो बहुमहापर्वतवृक्षो मृदुसुकुमारोपचित शरीरमनुष्याप्रायः कफवातरोग भूयिष्ठश्चानूपः ।। ( सु. सं. सू. 35/42)

16. Sadharana desa characteristics समाः साधारणे बस्मात् शीतवर्षीष्ममारुताः । दोषाणां समता जन्तोः तस्मात् साधारणों मतः ।। ( सु. सं. सू. 35/43)

17. Yogya bhami : for construction of house मनशश्चक्षुषा यत्र सन्तोषो जायते भुवि। तस्यां कार्यं गृहं सर्वेरिति गर्गादिसंमतम् ।। गृहभूषण । Impurities of the Land : Extreme rainfall, heat and cold lead to vitiation of the land . नक्षत्रग्रहचन्द्रसूर्यानिलानलानां दिशं च प्रकृतिभूतानमृतु वैकारिका भावः ।। Aprākṛta bhūta ( Asvabhāvika sthiti / Unnatural condition) - Un natural appearance of the stars, planets and other terrestrial objects.

18. Unsuitable house for stay: ( Ayogya bhūmi ): शवमीनपक्षिगन्धा या सा घरा निन्दिता वरैः। सभाचैत्यसमीपस्या नृपमन्दिरसंश्रिता । देवालयसमीपस्था कण्टकीड्रमसंयुता। वृत्त त्रिकोण विषमा वज्राभा कच्छपोन्नता ।। चाण्डालवासगच्छाया चर्मकारलयाश्रित ।।

19. Suitable land for construction of house श्वभ्रशर्कराऽश्मविषम वल्मीकश्मशानाघात न देवतायतनसिकता भिरनुपहताम् अनुषाराम् अभङ्गुराम् अदूरोदकां स्निग्धं प्ररोहवत्तीं मृर्वी स्थिरां समां कृष्णां गौरी लोहितां वा भूमि औषधग्रहणाय परीक्षेत ।। (सु. सू. 36/3)

20. Purification of the vitiated land ( Bhūmi śuddhi prakāra ): भूशुद्धि मार्जनाद्धाहात्कालाद्‌गोक्रमणात्तया । सेकादुल्लेखनालेपाद् ग्रहं मार्जनलेपनात् ।।