Dr. Sunday Zijl Nwangele - DUFUHS UBURU - PHS 208.pdf

Lecture slides on Public Health (PHS 208)

3. TOPICS
Critical Issues in PHC
Structure, Process and the Organization of PHCin
Nigeria
Financing of PHC
Immunity (National and Acquired)
Other types of Immunity (Individual and Herds or
Community Acquired Immunity)
Immunization /Vaccination /Inoculation (Routine
Immunization and Supplemental Immunization),
Immunization Programmesor Schedules.

4. TOPICS (Contd…)
Vaccines and Antigens
Governance and Coordination of Immunization
Programme
Advocacy, Communication and Social Mobilization
Surveillance
AEFI–Adverse Effects Following Immunization
PRE-IMPLEMENTATION MICRO -PLANNING
Post Implementation of Immunization Programming

5. OVERVIEW OF PHC
INTRODUCTION
History and Background of Primary Health Care –PHC
•Definition
•Principles of PHC(Pillars of PHC)
•Components or
•Elements of PHC
NB:Dr. R. Nnabushall handle this in detail

6. HISTORY OF PHC
oWhen the Health System was found to be failing globally in the past,
there was a need to establish a Health System called ‘HEALTH FOR
ALL –HFA’ where all people of the world could enjoy physical,
mental and social well-being.
oOn 12
th
September, 1978, WHO, UNICEF and 134 countries held a
conference in a Town called Alma Afa in Kazakhstan and made the
Resolution to achieve HFA through PHC –the Alma Afa Declaration
1978, and PHC was Defined.
oAgain, in 2008 in the capital city of Kazakhstan, another global
conference was held to review the earlier Alma AfaDeclaration of
1978 that produced HFAthrough PHC.
oThe 2008 Astana Declaration emphasized on 4-key areas:

7. HISTORY OF PHC(Contd…)
i.To make Bold Political choices for Health
across all sectors.
ii.To build sustainable PHC.
iii.To Empower Individuals and Communities.
iv.To align Stakeholders Support to National
Policies and Plans.

8. DEFINITION OF PHC
oPrimary Health Care is essential healthcare
based on practical, scientifically sound and
socially acceptable methods and Technology,
made universally accessible to individuals and
families through their full participation and at a
cost they can afford to maintain at every stage
of their development, in the spirit of Self
Reliance and Self Determination.
-Alma AfaDeclaration 1978

9. PRINCIPLES OF PHC
o(Carefully lifted from the Definition)
i.PHCis an Essential Health Care –for major Health problems.
ii.With Community Involvement most important.
iii.Equitable spread of Health Resources, accessible and affordable.
iv.Using appropriate methods and Technology –Medical procedures.
v.Encourages Self Reliance
vi.And connecting other sectors –Inter-Sectoralcollaboration –ISC.
(Agriculture, Water, Education, Works, Housing, etc)

10. ELEMENTS OF PHC(Components of PHC)
i.Education –Health Education on preventing Health problems and solutions.
ii.Locally endemic Disease prevention and control
iii.Essential Drugs provision
iv.Maternal and Child Health Care, Family Planning
v.Expanded program on Immunization against VPDs–Vaccine Preventable
Diseases
vi.Nutrition and Food Supply
vii.Treatment of Common Diseases and NODs
viii.Sanitation and Water Supply
ix.Mental
x.Eye Care
xi.Dental Care
-Elements Med. -

11. STRUCTURE AND ORGANIZATION OF PHCIN
NIGERIA
a)Organogram of Health Care in Nigeria
Tertiary Healthcare e.g. Teaching
Hospitals, Specialist Hospitals.
Secondary Healthcare (General
Hospitals or District Hospitals)
Primary Health Care (PHC) –Primary
Health Centre and Comprehensive
Health Centre or Cottage Hospital

12. FMOH
(Minister, Minister of Health, Permanent Secretary, Heads of
Department for State Civil Servants)
States MOH
(Commissioner for Health, Permanent Secretary, Heads of
Department, Directors, Executive Secretaries PHCDA, State
ProgrammeOfficers, other Civil Servants.
L.G.A.
Chairman, HODHealth, Admin, Secretary, PSNOs, Health
Work Force.

13. IMPLEMENTATION OF PHCIN NIGERIA
a)BHSS–Basic Health Service Scheme (1975 –
1980)
BHSSfocused on provision of Health Facilities and
Training of HRH –Human Resource for Health
Had little or no Community Participation and use of
appropriate Technologies and methods.
BHSSdesigned 25 Health Facilities per L.G.A. as
follows:

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CHC= 50,000 persons or
Cottage Hospital
Population coverage.
PHCI PHCII PHCIII
PHCIVEach PHCfor 10,000
=> 30,000 population
coverage
HC each for 2,000
population
5 Mobile Clinics for
4,000 population