Dr. Wajid_cotton Production_.pptx about cotton

Cotton production

1. ChallengeS and opportunities in cotton Under SCENARIO OF CLIMATE CHANGE DR. Wajid Nazeer Associate Professor Ghazi University, D.G. Khan Email: [email protected]

2. RQUIREMENTS OF COTTON STAKEHOLDERS Staple length Not less than 28mm Micronaire 3.8 to 4.9 µg/inch Strength Not less than 92 tppsi Fibre Maturity Not less than 80% Uniformity Not less than 48% Farm (Seed Cotton) Ginner Spinner Yield Boll weight Adaptability No. of Bolls Heat & Drought tolerance CLCV resistance Bollworm resistance Micro management Macro management Early maturity GOT (%) Oil (%)

3. 4 District Wise Map of Cotton in Punjab (16)

4. Area, Production and Yield of Pakistan (1947 to 2020)

5. Area, Production and Yield of Punjab (1947 to 2020)

6. SEED QUALITY Low Germination and Purity CLIMATE CHANGE High temperature and Uneven rainfall pattern LOW EFFICACY OF INSECTICIDES HIGH INFESTATION OF INSECTS Whitefly and Pink bollworm DISEASE CLCuV and Wilting GMO TECHNOLOGY GAP COMPETING CROPS RICE, MAIZE & SUGARCANE ETC. IN COTTON ZONE PARITY PRICES OF PAKISTAN AND INTERNATIONAL LACK OF AWARENESS AMONG THE FARMERS ABOUT PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY OF COTTON HIGH COST OF PRODUCTION MAJOR COTTON ISSUES

7. Comparison of maximum temperature (°C) of cotton crop season 1991, 2011 and 2020 (Apr. to Oct.) Year Seasonal Aug - Oct 1991 36.7 34.5 2020 37.7 36.9 Diff. 1.0 2.4 2011 37.4 34.8 2020 37.7 36.9 Diff. 0.3 2.1 Source: CRI Multan

8. Comparison of minimum temperature (°C) of cotton crop season 1991, 2011 and 2020 (Apr. to Oct.) Year Seasonal Aug - Oct 1991 24.6 23.8 2020 27.5 28.2 Diff. 2.9 4.4 2011 25.8 25.1 2020 27.5 28.2 Diff. 1.7 3.1 Source: CRI Multan

9. Comparison of Rainfall (mm) of cotton crop season 1991, 2001, 2004, 2011 and 2020 (Mar. to Sep.) Source: CRI Multan

10. Comparison of Rainfall (mm) of cotton crop season 2017 to 2020 (Apr. to Oct.) Source: CRI Multan

11. EFFICACY OF DIFFERENT INSECTICIDES AGAINST COTTON WHITEFLY Sr.# Name of Insecticides (Active ingredient, Firm) Dose/acre (ml/gm) Pre-treatment pop./leaf Mortality (%) 24 hours 48 hours 72 hours 1 Movento (Spirotetramate, Bayer) 150 13.8 21.4 27.1 37.3 2 Acetapmiprid (Generic) 200 16.5 17.4 19.2 22.1 3 Acetapmiprid ( Arysta life sciences) 150 12.9 24.7 31.7 33.9 4 Ulala (Flonicamid), ICI 80 12.6 19.8 24.7 29.4 5 Buprofezin (Generic) 600 9.7 26.3 32.5 30.1 6 Buffer ( Buprofezin , Jaffer Brothers) 600 13.4 29.5 34.1 37.2 7 Priority (Pyriproxifen, Kanzo Ag) 400 12.8 22.4 29.4 34.6 8 Admiral (Pyriproxifen, FMC) 200 15.7 32.5 36.4 41.8 9 Legend ( Matrine , kanzo Ag) 500 13.1 21.4 28.3 36.6 10 Mavrik ( Matrine , Suncrop ) 500 14.8 11.7 23.4 29.4 11 Diafenthiuron (Generic) 250 12.9 35.5 39.3 42.3 12 Polo ( Diafenthiuron , Syngenta) 200 15.4 39.2 43.5 46.8 13 Control - 13.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 Source: CRI Multan

12. Sr. No. Insecticide Dose (ml/acre) Reduction (%) After 3 days After 5 days After 7 days 1 Curator ( Triazophos+Bifenthrin ) 600 31.4   36.1 47.3  2 Coragen ( Chlorantraniliprole ) 50  29.2  31.1  38.5 3 Trizone ( Triazophos ) 800  28.6  31.9  43.6 4 Raddiant ( Spintoram ) 100  21.3  26.1  32.3 5 Belt ( Flubendamide ) 50  24.3  28.2  34.1 6 Proaxis ( Gamacyhalothrin ) 120  38.2  42.1  59.2 7 Talstar (Bifenthrin) 400  18.4  22.4  28.2 8 Cedox ( Triazophos+Deltamethrin ) 600  29.4  34.5  42.7 9 Bolton ( Chlorpyriphos+Betacyfluthrin ) 600  26.1  31.7  36.8 10 Capital Plus ( Triazophos+Betacyfluthrin ) 600  30.9  34.3  43.5 11 Control  0  0  0 EFFICACY OF INSECTICIDE AGAINST PINK BOLLWORM Source: CRI Multan

13. INSECT PESTS AND DISEASE POSITION FOR THE YEAR 2018, 2019 & 2020

14. Comparison of Pakistan with Top cotton Producing countries (2019-20) Country Area (Million ha) Production (Million bales) Yield (kg/ha) Bt. Technology Price (cents/ pound) Certified seed (%) Temperature (°C) India 12.2 32.01 447 (484-566) Bollgard -II (2006) 78.19 65 34/21 Jalindhar China 3.37 35.53 1794 (1458-1693) Fused g Cry1Ab, Cry1Ac Stacked CpTi (1999) 108.54 >80 29/18 Xinjiang USA 4.13 23.52 968 (859-997) Bollgard -III (2017) 78.8 >90 30/24 Texas Australia 0.50 5.85 1990 Bollgard -III (2016) 82.91 >90 34/19 Queensland Pakistan 2.33 9.82 718 (530-779) Bollgard -I (2010) 65.12 (RS.4374) 60 37/25 Multan World 32.60 151.47 790 (701-801) 70.50 (Rs. 4650) Source: ICAC, ACCUweather

15. Year Ave Cotlook A Index (Rs./40 kg) Ave KCA Price (Rs./40 kgs) Crop Value (Rs. Billion) Farmers Loss (Rs. Billion) As per Cotlook Price As per KCA Price 2020 11051 10088 469 419 50 2019 10229 9142 469 419 50 2018 9290 7911 428 365 63 2017 7149 6381 383 342 41 2016 6704 6072 337 305 32 2015 6104 5139 302 254 48 2014 6707 5943 412 365 47 Comparison of cotton prices of Pakistan and the World since 2014 (Source: PCCC)

16. GENETIC IMROVEMENT OF COTTON TRAITS Traits/ Prod. 4-F 1914 AC134 1959 MNH-93 1980 S-12 1988 MNH-886 2012 FH-142 2013 FH- Lalazar 2016 % Gain Lint (%) 32 34.5 37.7 41.3 41 40 42 31 S.L (mm) 20.8 26.4 28.3 28.2 28.2 28.5 28.9 39 Fineness (µg/inch) 5.8 4.5 4.3 4.2 4.9 4.7 4.8 21 Maturity (Days) 310 300 290 270 210 200 196 58 Boll weight (g) 2.8 2.9 3.2 4.0 4.5 4.5 5.0 79 Yield Potential ( mds /ac) 9 16 23 28 45 55 62 588

17. WAY FORWARD Development of heat, drought tolerant and early maturing varieties. Development of Bt + glyphosate resistant varieties. Ideotyping for mechanical picking. Improvement of desi cotton. Improvement of oil content in cotton. Efficacy of different insecticides against whitefly and PBW. Effect of various plant extracts for control of whitefly and PBW. Determination of insecticides resistance against Pink bollworm and Whitefly. Effect of sowing date for determining sowing time for harvesting maximum yield. Development of production technology for new strains.

18. MNH-1016 (Bt.) Traits Remarks Seed Cotton Yield (potential) 40-50 maunds /acre   Plant shape Spreading Leaf size small Protein Quantification ( 80 days after sowing) 1.77 µg/g of fresh leaf Boll weight (g) 3.5 GOT (%) 43.0 Staple Length (mm) 28.0 Fiber Strength (g/tex) 31.33 Mike (µgInch -1 ) 4.42 Tolerance to CLCuV Significantly Higher Opening/lint color/picking Fluffy, white and easy to pick Maturity Earlier, suitable for cotton-wheat rotation

19. MNH-1020 (Bt.) Traits Remarks Seed Cotton Yield (potential) 40-50 maunds /acre   Gene Cry1Ac Protein Quantification ( 80 days after sowing) 2.63 µg/g of fresh leaf Boll weight (g) 3.5 GOT (%) 43.0 Staple Length (mm) 28.09 Fiber Strength (g/tex) 33.88 Mike (µgInch -1 ) 4.68 Uniformity (%) 83.10 Tolerance to CLCuV Significantly Higher Opening/lint color/picking Fluffy, white and easy to pick Maturity Earlier, suitable for cotton-wheat rotation

20. MNH-1026 (Bt.) Traits Remarks Seed Cotton Yield (potential) 50-60 maunds /acre   Gene Cry1Ac Protein Quantification ( 80 days after sowing) 2.24 µg/g of fresh leaf Boll weight (g) 3.5 GOT (%) 42.0 Staple Length (mm) 28.2 Fiber Strength (g/tex) 33.9 Mike (µgInch -1 ) 4.5 Tolerance to CLCuV Significantly Higher Opening/lint color/picking Fluffy opening Maturity Earlier, suitable for cotton-wheat rotation

21. MNH-1035 (Bt.) Traits Remarks Seed Cotton Yield (potential) 50-60 maunds/acre Gene Cry1Ac Protein Quantification (80 days after sowing) 2.22 µg/g of fresh leaf Boll weight (g) 4 GOT (%) 39 Staple Length (mm) 28.33 Fiber Strength (g/tex) 29.3 Mike (µgInch -1 ) 4 Tolerance to CLCuV Significantly Higher Opening/lint color/picking Fluffy opening Maturity Earlier, suitable for cotton-wheat rotation

22. FH-Super Cotton (Bt.) Traits Remarks Seed Cotton Yield (potential) 50-60 maunds /acre Gene Cry1Ac Protein Quantification (80 days after sowing) 2.22 µg/g of fresh leaf Boll weight (g) 3.5 GOT (%) 42.0 Staple Length (mm) 30.13 Fiber Strength (g/tex) 35.20 Mike (µgInch -1 ) 4.7 Tolerance to CLCuV Significantly Higher Opening/lint color/picking Fluffy opening Maturity Earlier, suitable for cotton-wheat rotation

23. FH-490 (Bt.) Traits Remarks Seed Cotton Yield (potential) 50-60 maunds /acre Gene Cry1Ac Boll weight (g) 3.7 GOT (%) 43 Staple Length (mm) 28.14 Fiber Strength (g/tex) 31.08 Mike (µgInch -1 ) 4.26 Tolerance to CLCuV Significantly Higher Opening/lint color/picking Fluffy opening Maturity Earlier, suitable for cotton-wheat rotation

24. FH-490 MNH-1020 MNH-1026 MNH-1016 New Varieties Recommended by Expert Sub-Committee 18-07-2019

25. FH-152 MNH-1016 NEW DROUGHT TOLERANT COTTON VARIETIES VH-327 FH-444

26. CHARACTERS OF NEW STRAIN HIGHLY TOLERANT TO CLCuV FH-Super- Cotton Input intensive medium duration variety suitable for wheat cotton rotation Having very good yield potential. Medium leaf with medium boll size Highly tolerant to heat and posses superior fiber quality Posseses wider adaptability Performed well in NCVT compared to check varieties FH-Super-Cotton GOT (%) SL (mm) Mike ( μ g / inch) Strength ( tppsi ) 40-41 29.5-30.0 4.4 97.1

27. MNH-1050: A New Promising interspecific line ( G. hirsutum × G . arboreum ) Boll weight (g) GOT (%) Staple Length (mm) Mic (µg/inch) strength (g/ tex ) 4.5 42.0 30.0 4.5 33.7 NCVT = 2nd year

28. MNH-1045 BT. + HERBICIDE RESISTANCE (Cry1Ac + Cry2A + GT genes) CRI, Multan & MNSUA, Multan MNH-1045(S) BT. + HERBICIDE RESISTANCE (Cry1Ac + Cry2A + GT genes) Pink Bollworm Free MNH-1045(S) Yield (kg/ha) Boll weight (g) GOT (%) Staple Length (mm) Mic (µg/inch) strength (g/ tex ) PBW Infestation Protein concentration ( µg/g of fresh leaf) 2000 3.6 38.5 28.2 4.6 33.0 0 % 2.3

29. MNH-1027 MNH-875 Boll weight (g) GOT (%) Staple Length (mm) Mic (µg/inch) strength (g/ tex ) 4.5 42.2 30.2 4.2 34.2 Boll weight (g) GOT (%) Staple Length (mm) Mic (µg/inch) strength (g/ tex ) 4.2 41.5 28.1 4.6 39.1 New promising varieties

30. FH-500 FH-498 Boll weight (g) GOT (%) Staple Length (mm) Mic (µg/inch) strength (g/ tex ) 4.4 39.4 28.6 4.7 31.3 Boll weight (g) GOT (%) Staple Length (mm) Mic (µg/inch) strength (g/ tex ) 4.3 41.2 28.7 4.7 30.6 New promising varieties

31. MNH-1028: A New Promising interspecific line ( G. hirsutum × G . arboreum ) Boll weight (g) GOT (%) Staple Length (mm) Mic (µg/inch) strength (g/ tex ) 3.5 38.5 28.0 4.2 29.7

32. IMPROVEMENT OF DESI COTTON GOT = 33-35% Staple length = 27.4 mm Mike = 5.5 µg/inch Fiber Strength = 32.6 g/ tex