DRAINAGE of India ppt for teachers help 😊

A short ppt for learning about drainage

1. DRAINAGE

2. DRAINAGE Any elevated area, such as a mountain or an upland, separates two drainage basins is known as a water divide The river system of an area called drainage. The area drained by a single river along with its tributaries system is called a drainage basin.

3. According to relief features the Indian rivers are divided into two major groups: INDIAN RIVERS • The Himalayan rivers • The Peninsular rivers.

4. DIFFERENCE BETWEEN PENINSULAR RIVER & HIMALAYAN RIVERS Himalayan Rivers 1. Himalayan rivers are perennial. 2. The Himalayan rivers have long courses from their source to the sea. 3. Their flow is dependent on rainfall and melting of snow and ice 4. They perform intensive erosional activity in their upper courses and carry huge loads of silt and sand. Peninsular rivers 1. A large number of the Peninsular rivers are seasonal 2. The Peninsular rivers have shorter and shallower courses. 3. Their flow is dependent on rainfall. 4. They do not carry huge loads of silt and sand.

5. Dendritic Pattern Drainage Patterns The streams within a drainage basin form certain patterns, depending on the slope of land, underlying rock structure as well as the climatic conditions of the area. The dendritic pattern develops where the river channel follows the slope of the terrain. The stream with its tributaries resembles the branches of a tree, thus the name dendritic.

6. Trellis Pattern A river joined by its tributaries, at approximately right angles, develops a trellis pattern . A trellis drainage pattern develops where hard and soft rocks exist parallel to each other.

7. Rectangular Pattern A rectangular drainage pattern develops on a strongly jointed rocky terrain.

8. Radial Pattern The radial pattern develops when streams flow in different directions from a central peak or dome like structure.

9. COURSE OF THE RIVER A B C Young Stage Mature Stage Old Stage

10. THE HIMALAYAN RIVERS INDUS RIVER SYSTEM GANGA -BRAHMAPUTRA RIVER SYSTEM Indus GANGA-BRAHMAPUTRA RIVER SYSTEM

11. MANSAROVER LAKE SATLUJ BEAS RAVI CHENAB JHELUM INDUS MITHANKOT ATTOCK

12. Origin The river Indus rises in Tibet, near Lake Mansarowar. Tributaries The Zaskar, the Nubra , the Shyok and the Hunza , join it in the Kashmir region. The Indus flows through Baltistan and Gilgit and emerges from the mountains at Attock . The Satluj, the Beas, the Ravi, the Chenab and the Jhelum join together to enter the Indus near Mithankot in Pakistan. Length With a total length of 2900 km, the Indus is one of the longest rivers of the world. Area The Indus basin is located in India in the states of Jammu and Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh and the Punjab and the rest is in Pakistan. INDUS RIVER SYSTEM

13. BRAHMAPUTRA GANDAK KOSI GHAGHRA YAMUNA SON ALAKNANDA & BHAGIRATHI MEGHNA HOOGHLY GANGA-BRAHMAPUTRA RIVER SYSTEM

14. Origin The headwaters of the Ganga, called the ‘Bhagirathi’ is fed by the Gangotri Glacier and joined by the Alaknanda at Devaprayag in Uttarakhand. At Haridwar the Ganga emerges from the mountains on to the plains. Tributaries Originate from Himalaya -the Yamuna, (Rises from Yamunotri, right bank tributary) the Ghaghara, the Gandak and the Kosi ( rises in Nepal- Left bank tributary). Tributaries from the peninsular uplands, are the Chambal, the Betwa and the Son. Length The length of the Ganga is over 2500 km. Area The plains from Ambala to the Sunderban stretch over nearly 1800 km, but the fall in its slope is hardly 300 meters.

15. Few more features of River Ganga The mainstream is joined by the Brahmaputra. Further down stream, it is known as the Meghna. The Ganga and the Brahmaputra, flows into the Bay of Bengal. The delta formed by these rivers is known as the Sunderban delta. The river develops large meanders The Ganga flows eastwards till Farakka in West Bengal. This is the northernmost point of the Ganga delta The river bifurcates here; the Bhagirathi-Hooghly (a distributary) flows southwards through the deltaic plains to the Bay of Bengal.

16. The Brahmaputra River System T – Sang Po BRAHMAPUTRA NAMCHA BARWA DIHANG

17. The Brahmaputra rises in Tibet east of Mansarowar lake very close to the sources of the Indus and the Satluj. It is slightly longer than the Indus, and most of its course lies outside India. It flows eastwards parallel to the Himalayas. On reaching the Namcha Barwa (7757 m), it takes a ‘U’ turn and enters India in Arunachal Pradesh through a gorge. Here, it is called the Dihang and it is joined by the Dibang, the Lohit, and many other tributaries to form the Brahmaputra in Assam.

18. In Tibet the river carries a smaller volume of water and less silt as it is a cold and a dry area. In India it passes through a region of high rainfall. Here the river carries a large volume of water and considerable amount of silt.

19. The Peninsular Rivers

20. NAME OF THE RIVER ORIGIN TRIBUTARIES AREA OTHER Features Narmada The Amarkantak hills in Madhya Pradesh. All the tributaries of the Narmada are very short and most of these join the main stream at right angles. The Narmada basin covers parts of Madhya Pradesh and Gujarat. -Rift valley. -The ‘Marble rocks’, near Jabalpur where the Narmada flows through a deep gorge. -Form ‘ Dhuadhar falls’ Tapi The Tapi rises in the Satpura ranges, in the Betul district of Madhya Pradesh. -___ Its basin covers parts of Madhya Pradesh, Gujarat and Maharashtra. It also flows in a rift valley parallel to the Narmada but it is much shorter in length. Godavari It rises from the slopes of the Western Ghats in the Nasik district of Maharashtra. The Godavari is joined by a number of tributaries such as the Purna, the Wardha, the Pranhita, the Manjra, the Wainganga and the Penganga. The last three tributaries are very large. The basin covers parts of Maharashtra (about 50 per cent of the basin area lies in Maharashtra), Madhya Pradesh, Odisha and Andhra Pradesh. -The Godavari is the largest Peninsular river. -Its length is about 1500 km. -Because of its length and the area it covers, it is also known as the ‘ Dakshin Ganga ’. Mahanadi The Mahanadi rises in the highlands of Chhattisgarh. __ Its drainage basin is shared by Maharashtra, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, and Odisha. It flows through Odisha to reach the Bay of Bengal. The length of the river is about 860 km. Krishna Rising from a spring near Mahabaleshwar The Tungabhadra, the Koyana, the Ghatprabha, the Musi and the Bhima are some of its tributaries. Its drainage basin covers Maharasthra , Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh. The Krishna flows for about 1400 km and reaches the Bay of Bengal.

21. Why are rivers important for the country’s economy? Water from the rivers is a basic natural resource, essential for various human activities. The riverbanks have attracted settlers from ancient times. Using rivers for irrigation, navigation, hydro-power generation is of special significance – particularly to a country like India.

22. What are the causes of water pollution? 1. The growing domestic, municipal, industrial needs affects the quality of water. 2. Agricultural demand for water from rivers naturally affects the quality of water. 3. A heavy load of untreated sewage is responsible for water pollution. 4. Industrial effluents are emptied into the rivers which pollute water. 5. This affects not only the quality of water but also the self-cleansing capacity of the river.

23. What is a lake? What is its importance? A large low lying depression in the earth filled with water is called lake.

24. Lakes are of great value to human beings. A lake helps to regulate the flow of a river. During heavy rainfall, it prevents flooding and during the dry season, it helps to maintain an even flow of water. Lakes can also be used for developing hydel power. They moderate the climate of the surroundings. Maintain the aquatic ecosystem. It enhance natural beauty. It helps to develop tourism and provide recreation.

25. A lake is surrounded by land. It is a body of water which is formed in the hollow part of the land. The lakes are formed naturally as well as man-made.

26. 1. Glacial activity , as a result of tectonic activity . They are found in the Himalayan region, known as freshwater lakes, for example, Dal lake ( glacial activity), Wular lake (tectonic activity). Natural lakes are formed because of the following reasons:

27. 2. Some lakes are formed because of the action of wind and rivers. The meandering rivers form ox-bow lakes.

28. 3. Bars and splits form lagoons in the coastal regions, for example, Pulicat lake, Chilka lake.

29. Name of the river Origin Narmada Amarkantak Tapi Krishna Mahanadi Godavari

30. 1 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 11 1 Indus 2 Satluj 3 Yamuna 4 Chambal 5 Narmada 6 Kaveri 7 Krishna 8 Godavari 9 Mahanadi 10 Ganga 11Brahmaputra