drainage system(types , applications , uses).pptx

Drainage

1. DRAINAGE SYSTEM Drainage systems are designed to remove excess water from an area efficiently. PRESENTED BY : OLEVIA LAISHRAM , ARPIT , GUNJAN

2. INTRODUCTION OF DRAINAGE SYSTEM A drainage system refers to the network of natural and artificial channels designed to remove excess water from an area. It plays a crucial role in managing water flow, preventing flooding, and maintaining hygiene by directing wastewater away from residential, commercial, and agricultural areas. Importance of Drainage Systems Prevents waterlogging and flooding Protects buildings and infrastructure from water damage Enhances agricultural productivity by preventing soil erosion Reduces health risks by eliminating stagnant water

3. 1. Surface Drainage System Function : Removes excess rainwater or irrigation water from the surface. Components : Shallow ditches, drains, gutters, and sloped surfaces. Examples : Open ditches along roads, contour drains in agricultural fields. Advantages: Simple to Design and Construct. Easily Maintained Cost effective. Disadvantages: Limited Capacity Aesthetic impact Can be Hazardous 1. Surface Drainage System 2. Slope Drainage System Function : Directs water down slopes using pipes or channels to prevent erosion. Components : Pipes laid at an incline, culverts. Examples : Highway drainage pipes, hill-side drainage channels. Advantages: Prevents Soil Erosion Effective water flow control Reduces Flooding Risk 2. Slope Drainage System Disadvantages: Can Cause Environmental Impact Maintenance Requirements High Installation cost

4. 3. Stormwater Drainage System Function : Manages rainwater to prevent flooding in urban areas. Components : Catch basins, storm sewers, retention ponds. Examples : City storm drains, rainwater harvesting pits. Advantages: Flood prevention Improves Public Safety Reduces Erosion Disadvantages: High installation and maintenance cost . Clogging and Blockages 3. Stormwater Drainage System 4.Combined Drainage System Definition : A single pipeline carries both sewage and stormwater together. Advantage : Cost-effective since only one set of pipes is required. Disadvantage : Risk of overflow and pollution during heavy rainfall. Example : Old drainage systems in older cities. 4. Combined Drainage System

5. 5.Separate Drainage System Definition : This system has two separate pipelines—one for wastewater (sewage) and another for rainwater (stormwater). Advantage : Prevents overloading during heavy rains and reduces water pollution. Example : Modern urban drainage systems where sewage goes to treatment plants and rainwater is discharged into natural water bodies. 6 . Single Stack System Definition : A system where both waste and ventilation pipes are combined into a single vertical pipe. Advantage : Reduces the number of pipes needed, making installation simple and economical. Disadvantage : Proper ventilation is required to prevent water seal breakage in traps. Example : Common in residential buildings. SEPARATE DRAINAGE SYSTEM SINGLE STRACK SYSTEM

6. 7. One Pipe and Two Pipe System One Pipe System : Definition : A single pipe carries both wastewater from sinks and baths and sewage from toilets. Advantage : Economical and easy to install. Disadvantage : Risk of contamination if not properly ventilated. Two Pipe System : Definition : Separate pipes are used for soil waste (toilets) and wastewater (sinks, baths). Advantage : More hygienic as wastewater and sewage do not mix. Disadvantage : More expensive due to additional piping.

7. TESTING OF DRAINS

8. 7. Self-Cleaning and Non-Scouring Velocity of Drain Pipe Self-Cleaning Velocity : The minimum speed of water flow required to prevent sediment buildup (usually 0.6 to 0.9 m/s). Non-Scouring Velocity : The maximum speed at which water can flow without damaging the pipe lining (usually below 3 m/s). 8. Dry and Wet Carrying System Dry System : Only carries solid waste (sewage), with no water involved. Wet System : Uses water to carry waste, ensuring smooth flow and preventing blockages. Example : Traditional sewage systems are wet systems, whereas composting toilets use dry systems. CLEANING

9. 1. Surface Drainage System 2. Slope Drainage System 3. Stormwater Drainage System 4. Combined Drainage System 5. Separate Drainage System TYPES OF DRAINAGE SYSTEM

10. Types of Drainage Materials Permeable Materials – Allow water to pass through easily (e.g., gravel, sand, porous concrete). Non-Permeable Materials – Prevent water penetration and require a drainage system (e.g., asphalt, clay). Geotextiles and Geomembranes – Synthetic materials used in drainage to filter and direct water flow. Drainage Pipes and Channels – PVC, concrete, or metal pipes designed for water management.

11. SIZES OF PIPE USE IN DRANIAGE SYSTEM

12. THANK YOU!