DRAWINGS & SYMBOL FOR THE ENGINEERING PROJECT-IR ASSRUL.pdf

DRAWINGS & SYMBOL FOR THE ENGINEERING PROJECT TYPICALLY APPLIED IN ANY OF CONSTRUCTION ENGINEERING PROJECT. THE USED OF DRAWING IN THE WHOLE LIFECYCLE OF THE PROJECT

1. 1
PELAN DAN SIMBOL
PIAWAIAN DALAM
BANGUNAN
DRAWING AND SYMBOL
FOR BUILDINGS
IR ASSRUL REEDZA BIN ZULKIFLI
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA

2. INTRODUCTION
What is Technical Drawing?
It is a normal and precise way of communicating
information about the shape ,size, features and precision
of physical objects.
A universal language of engineering used in the design
process for solving problems, quickly and accurately
visualizing objects, and conducting analysis.
A graphical representation of objects and structures.
It can be done by using free hand, mechanical, or
computer method.

3. What is the purpose of technical drawing?
Technical drawing is essential for communicating
ideas in industry and engineering. To make the
drawings easier to understand, people use
familiar symbols, perspectives, units of
measurement, notation systems, visual styles
and page layout.
Standard symbol used:
Many of the symbols and principles of technical
drawing are codified in an international standard
called ISO 128.
DRAWING

4. Significant of drawings/plans :
Drawing is frequently used in commercial
illustration, animation, architecture, engineering
and other discipline.
Plans (drawings) are used in a range of fields
from architecture, urban planning, landscape
architecture, mechanical engineering, civil
engineering, industrial engineering to system
engineering.
DRAWING

5. TEAM INVOLVED IN PROJECT
•Builtenvironmentbringstogetherthetownplanner,architect,engineers,
landscapearchitectandothersinprovidingthesettingforhumanactivity,
rangingfromthelarge-scale civicsurroundingstopersonalspaces.
Built Environment Consortium
Town Planner
Architect
Engineers
QS
Landscape Arch.
Client
Authorities Public
PLAN

6. Types of plan can be divided into:
Key plan
Site plan
Location plan
Survey plan
Master Development plan
Landscape plan
Architectural plan
Structural plan
Infrastructural plan
Mechanical & electrical plan
Shop drawing plan
Construction drawing/Working drawing plan
PLAN

7. PLAN
As-Built drawing plan/Record drawing plan
Schematic drawing plan
Fire resistance plan

8. What is key plan?
Key plan is a plan or view small map in
drawing that indicates the location of project
and its prepared by licensed surveyor.
Scale usually is 1: 175,000
PLAN

9. PLAN

10. What is site plan?
Site plan is a landscape architectural plan and a detailed
engineering drawing of proposed improvements to a
given lot. A site plan usually shows a building footprint,
travel ways, parking, drainage facilities, sanitary sewer
lines, water lines, trails, lighting and landscaping and
garden elements. The scale usually used is 1:200,
1:500, 1:1250 or 1: 2500.
Another information might include in site plan are:
Building to be demolished
Extent of earthwork -cutting, filling location of retaining
wall and so on
Layout of external services –drainage, water, gas,
electricity, telephone, manhole covers and etc.
Fencing, wall and gates, fire hydrants, signage, litter bin
etc.
PLAN

11. PLAN

12. What is location plan?
Location plan is a plan provides an illustration of the
proposed development in its surrounding context. The
plan will illustrate roads, building, adjoining land, site
boundaries, land necessary to carry out the proposed
development, any other land owned by the developer
that is close to or adjacent to the site. The plan should
use standard metric scale 1:1250 or 1:2500. It is
important that the plan indicates the direction of North, to
make its orientation clear.
A location plan is different to a site plan which is
specifically focused on providing more detail of the
development within the site boundaries but site plan may
give a slightly wider illustration of the immediate area
surrounding the site.
PLAN

13. PLAN
LOCATION PLAN

14. Whatissurveyplan?
Surveyplanisaplanthatmeasurestheboundaryofa
parcelofland,existingland,structuresandbuildingsto
giveanaccuratemeasurementanddescriptionofthat
land.Itpreparedbylicensedsurveyorandincludeallthe
informationsuchaskeyplan,locationplanandother
informationasstatedbelow:
Boundary
Existing building/structure/fencing
Existing level
Existing drainage system
Existing manhole
Existing road system
Existing overhead cables
etc
PLAN

15. PLAN
SURVEY PLAN

16. DEVELOPMENT MASTER PLAN
PLAN

17. Development Master Plan is prepared by professional
planner which include :
Strategic planning –new development, land type, future
planning
Policy planning –establish policy and direction to guide
development
Community and stakeholder engagement –engaging
people to work through solution
Various land use planning specialties –consider
environment, social, transport, infrastructure and other
impacts
PLAN

18. PLAN
DEVELOPMENT MASTER PLAN

19. PLAN
What is landscape plan?
A landscape plan refers to an artwork whose
primary focus is natural scenery such as
mountains, forests, cliffs, trees, rivers,
valleys, etc.

20. PLAN
LANDSCAPE PLAN

21. What is architectural plan?
An architectural plan or architect’s drawing is a
technical drawing of a building.
Architectural drawing used by architects and
others for a number of purposed : to develop
idea into a coherent proposal, to communicate
ideas and concepts, to convince clients of a
merits of a design, to enable a building
contractor to construct it, as a record of the
completed work and to make a record of a
building that already exists.
PLAN

22. Standard views used in architectural drawing :
Floor plan
Site plan
Elevation
Cross section
Detail drawings
PLAN

23. What are the elements to be abstract from Architectural Plan?
•A plan or set of plans for how a building or other structure will be built.
•Show vertical and horizontal axes/Gridlines with dimensions
•Show height of building
•Show floor uses –example for room, store, office, café, toilet, M&E
room, etc
•Show thickness and material of brickwall
•Show position and column size
•Show type of material and finishes to be used.
•Address architectural details like surface finishes, partition wall or
mechanical systems, windows, doors, etc.
•Also become part of the contract documents which guide contractors
in detailing, fabricating and installing parts of the structure.
PLAN

24. PLAN
What is floor plan?
A floor plan is a view from above showing :
The arrangement of spaces in building at a
particular level of a building
Walls, windows, door openings and other
features at that level.
Include anything that could be seen below that
level i.e floors, stairs, fittings and sometimes
furniture.
Object above the plan level e.g beam overhead
can be indicated as dashed lines.

25. PLAN
SITE PLAN/SITE LAYOUT PLAN

26. PLAN

27. PLAN

28. PLAN

29. PLAN
Whatiselevation?
Elevationshows:
•Externalfaceofbuilding,overalloverviewofthebuilding.
•Themostcommonviewusedtodescribetheexternalappearanceofthe
building.
•Needtotakethehorizontaldimensionsfromtheplansandthevertical
dimensionfromthesections.
Purpose:
•Toshowtheexternalfacesorthebuildingorobject.
•Locatethedoorandwindowopeningsandotherfeaturesofthe
building.
•Overallexternalviewforthebuilding.

30. PLAN

31. PLAN

32. PLAN

33. PLAN

34. PLAN
Whatiscrosssection?
Crosssectionrefersto:
Representaverticalplanecutthroughthebuilding.
Willshowdetailsoftheconstructionofthefoundation,walls,roof,floors,
andotherparts.
Purpose:
Giveaverticalviewofthebuilding
Provideoverallverticaldimensionsandlevel.
Providedetailinformationaboutthematerialsusedandfinishes.

35. PLAN

36. PLAN

37. PLAN
Whatisdetaildrawing?
Detaildrawingsshow:
•asmallpartoftheconstructiontoalargerscale,toshowhow
componentpartfixtogether.
•buildingconstructiondetails,typicallyshowingcomplexjunctions(such
asfloortowalljunction,windowopenings,eavesandroofapex)that
cannotbeclearlyshownonadrawingthatincludesthefullheightofthe
building.
Purpose:
•Showtheconstructionofindividualelementsofstructuresuchas
foundation,wall,floor,andetc.
•Showarrangementwheretwoelementmeeteachothersuchas
junctionbetweenwallandaroof,andbetweenwallandcolumn.

38. PLAN

39. Structural Plan- Pelan Struktur
39

40. A A
1
A 2
400 0
283 5
3T16
3T20
R10 –275 c/c
(N.T. S)

41. 300
450
3T16
3T20
R10 -
275
c/c
(N.T.
S)

42. Reinforced Concrete
Beam

43. R6 -
150
4T
12
T12 –
200c/c
T12 –
200c/c
12
00
30
0
10
00
30
0
(N. T.S)

44. EARTHWORK PLAN
PLAN

45. EARTHWORK LAYOUT PLAN:
Earthwork layout plan –shows existing level, proposed
level, orientation of the building, location of silt trap,
location of wash trough, total cut & fill, temporary earth
drain system, proposed slope, existing slope, proposed
retaining wall, turfing, etc.
PLAN

46. PLAN
Definition–excavation in rock as well in the looser materials of
the earth. Scope of earthwork can be divided into :
Site clearance
Excavation/ cutting
Filling
Silt trap/On Site Detention/Detention pond
Wash trough
Temporary earth drain
Turfing
Piling
Retaining wall
etc

47. EARTHWORK LAYOUT PLAN
PLAN

48. PLAN

49. PLAN
DETAIL OF WASH TROUGH

50. PLAN

51. ROAD & DRAINAGE PLAN
PLAN

52. PLAN
What is road and drainage plan?
Road and drainage plan is a plan showings :
•Existing levels.
•Existing road and drainage system.
•Layout of proposed road and drainage system
•Cross section of road & drain
•Details of road and drain
•Any other details related to road and drainage
system

53. PLAN
ROAD & DRAINAGE LAYOUT PLAN

54. PLAN

55. PLAN

56. SEWERAGE PLAN
PLAN

57. PLAN
What is sewerage layout plan?
Sewerage layout plan is a plan showings :
•Existing levels.
•Existing sewerage system.
•Layout of proposed sewerage system
•Longitudinal section of sewer line
•Details of sewerage manhole and materials
•Any other details related to sewerage system

58. 28/06/2022 Prepared by Ir. Basir
INTRODUCTION

59. INTRODUCTION

60. PLAN
SEWERAGE LAYOUT PLAN

61. PLAN

62. PLAN

63. PLAN

64. PLAN

65. WATER SUPPLY PLAN
PLAN

66. PLAN
What is water supply layout plan?
Water supply layout plan is a plan showings :
•Existing levels.
•Existing water pipe line.
•Layout of proposed water supply system
•Longitudinal section of water supply system
•Details of water supply and materials
•Any other details related to water system

67. PROPOSED DOMESTIC
TANK (FRP)
PROPOSED HYDRANT TANK (FRP)
PROPOSED PUMP HOUSE BY M & E ENGINEER
PROPOSED SLUICE VALVE
PROPOSED BULK METER
WATER RETICULATION LAYOUT PLAN
PLAN

68. SHCEMATIC DIAGRAM OF WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM
PLAN

69. PLAN

70. STRUCTURAL DRAWING/ PLAN
PLAN

71. What is structural plan?
Structural plan/drawing is a plan :
a type of engineering drawing
for how a building or other structure will be built.
prepared by registered professional structural
engineers based on architectural plan.
Outline the size and type of material to be used
as well as the general demands for connections
and details.
Commonly divided into floor plan, cross section
and detailing
PLAN

72. PLAN

73. PLAN

74. PLAN

75. PLAN

76. PLAN

77. PLAN

78. SHOP DRAWING/PLAN
PLAN

79. PLAN
What is shop drawing?
A shop drawing is a drawing or set of drawings :
produced by contractor, supplier, manufacturer,
subcontractor or fabricator.
typically required for prefabricated components
Examples :
elevators, structural steel, trusses, pre- cast
concrete, windows, appliances, cabinets, air
handling units, piping, plumbing , etc.

80. CONSTRUCTION DRAWING/WORKING DRAWING/PLAN
PLAN

81. PLAN
What is construction drawing/working drawing/
plan?
Construction drawing/working drawing/plan is a
plan:
•Provide dimensional, graphical information that
can be used by contractor to construct the works
or by supplier to fabricate components of the
works
•Provide specifications and bill of quantities
•Provide schedules of work

82. AS-BUILT DRAWING/RECORD DRAWING/PLAN
PLAN

83. PLAN
What is as-built drawing/record drawing/plan?
As-built drawing/record drawing plan is a plan showing the building and services
installations as installed at the date of practical completion. The main features of
the drawing should be as follows:
•Provide a record of the locations of all the systems and components installed
including pumps, fans, valves, strainers, terminals, electrical switchgear,
distribution and components.
•Have marked on the drawings the positions of access points for operating and
maintenance purposes.
•Showing the completed project due to changes during construction because of
circumstances the emerge on site.

84. SCHEMATIC DRAWING/PLAN
PLAN

85. PLAN
What is schematic drawing/plan?
Schematic drawing plan is a line diagram not necessarily to
scale, that describes interconnection of components in a
system. The main features of a schematic drawing show :
•A two dimensional layout with division that show distribution
of the system between building levels or an isometric style
layout that shows distribution of systems across individual
floor levels
•All components that make up the system, i.e. plant items,
pumps, fans, valves, strainers, terminals, electrical
switchgear, distribution and components
•Symbols and line conventions, in accordance with industry
standard guidance.
•Labels for pipe, duct and cable sizes where not shown
elsewhere.

86. PLAN
Components that have a sensing and control
function, fire alarms and HV controls.
Commonly used in M & E drawing plan

87. PLAN
SANITARY SHCEMATIC DIAGRAM

88. PLAN
PLUMBING SHCEMATIC DIAGRAM

89. PLAN
GAS SHCEMATIC DIAGRAM

90. PLAN
ELECTRICAL SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM

91. SHCEMATIC DIAGRAM OF EXTERNAL WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM
PLAN

92. MECHANICAL DRAWING/PLAN
PLAN

93. PLAN
What is mechanical drawing/plan?
Mechanical drawing is a type of technical drawing that
shows :
•Information about heating, ventilating, air conditioning
and transportation around the building (elevators or lifts
and escalator)
•Often set of details drawings used for construction
projects. It is a requirement for all HVAC work.
•They are based on the floor and reflected ceiling plans of
the architect.
•After completed they become part of the construction
drawings which is then used to apply for a building
permit.

94. PLAN
MECHANICAL LAYOUT PLAN

95. ELECTRICAL DRAWING/PLAN
PLAN

96. PLAN
What is electrical drawing/plan?
Electrical drawings is referred to as wiring drawings are a
type of technical drawing that provide visual representation
describing electrical systems or circuits. They are used to
explain the design to electricians or other workers who will
use them to help install or repair electrical system. A set of
electrical drawings on a project might include :
•A site plan which shows the location of the building and
any external wiring.
•Floor plans which show the positions of electrical
systems on each floor
•Wiring diagrams which show the physical connections
and layout of electrical circuits
•Schedules and other information

97. Example of single line schematic diagram, single
phase; 240 V (house)-satu fasa
Main
switc
h
MCC
B
ELCB
Distribution board
MCB
TNB
mete
r
Neutral link
X
Cut out
6A
16
A
16
A
30
A
30
A
30
A
6A
2 nos. 15mm
2
pvc +
ECC 6 nos. 1x40w flug FTG 4 nos. 1x40w flug FTG + 2nos. Celing fan 2 nos. 13A SSO
1 nos 1.5 HD A/C
1 nos. 1kW Heater
1 nos. 5 kW cooker
2nos2.5mm
2
pvc+
ECC.
2 nos 4mm
2
pvc+ECC
2nos6mm
2
pvc +ECC
TNB side consumer side

98. Electrical Layout Plan
98

99. PLAN
Electrical drawings for buildings tend to include the
following details:
•How the electrical wires and other parts of the system
are interconnected and switched.
•Where fixtures and other components connect to the
system.
•Incoming power lines and their voltage, size, capacity
and rating.
•Power transformers and their winding connection and
means of grounding.
•The main switches, fused switches and tie breakers.
•Equipment such as batteries, air conditioning, solar
panels, generators and so on including their voltage and
sizs.

100. PLAN
ELECTRICAL LAYOUT PLAN

101. FIRE RESISTANCE DRAWING/PLAN

102. PLAN
Fire resistance drawing/plan can be divided
into:
•Fire alarm drawing/plan
•Hydrant drawing/plan
•Sprinkler drawing/plan
•Evacuation diagram plan

103. PLAN
What is Fire alarm drawing/plan?
Fire alarm drawing plans is a plan prepared by
mechanical engineer and required to be
installed adjacent to the fire indicator panel,
sub-FIP and Mimic Panel. This plan must show
the location of the FIP as well as the area of
each fire alarm zone.

104. 104
FIRE ALARM LAYOUT PLAN

105. PLAN
FIRE ALARM SYSTEM

106. FIRE FIGHTING SYSTEM
106

107. PLAN
What is Hydrant drawing/plan?
Hydrant drawing/plan is a plan prepared by civil
engineer. This plan shall be located at the
booster, fire control room and pump room and
must be weather resistant. Each fire hydrant,
hose reel, stop valve and any other fire
equipment of importance to the fire brigade
must be clearly stated.

108. PLAN
WATER SUPPLY & HYDRANT LAYOUT PLAN

109. PLAN
What is Sprinkler drawing/plan?
Sprinkler drawing/plan is a plan prepared by
mechanical engineer. This plan must be
located at each set of installation control
assemblies and must be water resistant and
fade resistant.

110. PLAN
SPRINKLER LAYOUT PLAN

111. PLAN
CROSS SECTION OF SPRINKLER SYSTEM

112. PLAN
What is Evacuation plan diagram?
Evacuation plan diagram is a diagram prepared by
mechanical engineer/safety officer. This diagram
required in all buildings, structures or workplace
that is, or maybe occupied by people. All fire
fighting equipment must be marked with their
locations in red, as well as the designated exits in
the building which shall be marked in green.

113. PLAN

114. 4.0 SYMBOL IN PLAN

115. SYMBOL
SITE PLAN
Boundary lot
Existing slope
Proposed car park

116. SYMBOL IN ARCHITECTURAL PLAN

117. SYMBOL

118. SYMBOL

119. SYMBOL

120. SYMBOL
Roof slope
direction

121. SYMBOL
Window
Brickwall
Door
Staircase
Sanitary
Plumbing
Column position
Floor user
Finishes

122. SYMBOL

123. SYMBOL IN INFRASTRUCTURAL PLAN

124. EARTHWORK LAYOUT PLAN
SYMBOL

125. SYMBOL
DRAINAGE LAYOUT PLAN

126. DRAINAGE LAYOUT PLAN
SYMBOL

127. SYMBOL

128. SYMBOL
SEWERAGE LAYOUT PLAN

129. SYMBOL
WATER RETICULATION LAYOUT PLAN

130. SYMBOL IN ELECTRICAL PLAN

131. SYMBOL

132. SYMBOL

133. SYMBOL

134. SYMBOL IN MECHANICAL PLAN

135. SYMBOL

136. SYMBOL

137. SYMBOL

138. SYMBOL

139. SYMBOL

140. SYMBOL

141. SYMBOL

142. STANDARD METHOD OF MEASUREMENT

143. SMM and CESMM used in
developing a Bill of quantities
Standard Method of Measurement
Civil Engineering Standard Method of
measurement
Purpose of SMM
-for coordinating and planning the quantity list,
to list the details of works to ensure consistency
and systematic and state the new techniques of
construction clearly and easy to understand by
all the stakeholders.

144. Contract Documentation
1.Condition of Contract –A written aggrementintended to be enforce
by law to bind the appointed contractor with the employer based on
the agreed condition (PWD 203A, PAM, IEM, FIDIC and etc ) based
on project
2.Drawings–Technical/detail construction drawing for measurement /
costing by QS or engineers prepared by architect and engineers
3.Specifications–A concise description of material and workmanship,
standard or quality of workmanship. It must convey the architect and
engineers requirement
4.Bill of Quantities –Prepared by QS based on measurement from
details drawing/plan . Its itemize all quantities for each category of
works applied in constructing the building /infrastructures. E.g
Building works, M&E works, Civil and structure, infrastructure works.
The contractor will priced/ or estimate all the works associated in
completing the works during procurement stage

145. Initial Cost calculation based
on JKR
Develop database, cost trend,fac

146. Initial Cost calculation based on JKR

147. Initial Cost calculation based on JKR

148. Initial Cost calculation based on JKR

149. THANK YOU
149