DRIP IRRIGATION

DRIP IRRIGATION

1. WELCOME Submitted by TRUPTI ALH5084 1

2. CONTENT Introduction Components of drip irrigation system Types of drip irrigation system Field of application Advantages and Disadvantages Economics of installing drip system Case studies Conclusion 2

3. INTRODUCTION The main objective of practicing agriculture is to produce optimum yields which in turn is the product of interaction between adequately supplied growth factors. Irrigation may be defined as the process of supplying water to land by artificial means for the purpose of cultivation. 3

4. What is Drip Irrigation ? Also known as trickle or micro or localized irrigation, drip irrigation is a method that saves water and fertilizer by allowing water to drip slowly to the plant roots, either onto the soil surface or directly onto the root zone ,through a network of valves, pipes, tubing and emitters. In 1964,Symcha Blass ,an Israeli engineer developed the first patented drip irrigation system. In the world, USA has the large area under drip irrigation.In India, drip system is adopted in states of Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh and Gujarat. 4

5. COMPONENTS OF DRIP IRRIGATION SYSTEM Pumping set Filtration system Main lines Submain lines Laterals Emitters 5

6. PUMP To create a pressure of about 2.5kg/sq cm to regulate the amount of water to be supplied. HEAD : The water lifted from the source of supply is stored in a head tank ,usually 3*3*3 m size, resting on a raised platform to maintain pressure head about 4 to 5 m. 6

7. FILTRATION SYSTEM To filter the water in order to remove the suspended particles(impurities) in water. Filtration of irrigation water is essential to prevent clogging of emitters which can be a major problem in the drip system. It is of two types; SCREEN(MESH) FILTER SAND FILTER 7

8. SCREEN FILTER SAND FILTER 8

9. MAIN LINES It is a distribution system in drip system. Rigid PVC and high density polyethylene pipes are used as main pipes to minimize corrosion and clogging. Pipes of 65mm diameter and with pressure rating of 4 to 10 kg/sq.cm are used. 9

10. SUBMAIN LINES The submain distributes the same discharge to all the laterals fitted to it. It is usually connected to the main lines through a control valve assembly. Usually pipes of 25 to 50 mm diameter and length are used. 10

11. EMITTERS These connect to the tubing and deliver water at a slow, consistent rate. The drippers discharge about 2-4 lt /hour Spacing of the dripper is based on Intra row spacing. It is of two types; POINT SOURCE LINE SOURCE 11

12. POINT SOURCE LINE SOURCE 12

13. ADJUSTABLE 360 DEGREE DRIPPER 13

14. TYPES OF DRIP IRRIGATION SYSTEM SURFACE DRIP IRRIGATION SYSTEM : The water is applied by the laterals and drippers present on the soil surface. 14

15. 15 SUBSURFACE DRIP IRRIGATION SYSTEM : The laterals are buried below the soil. The water is directly supplied to the root zone of the plants .

16. 16 SPRAY IRRIGATION : Supply water as a small spray, mist or fog to the soil surface.

17. 17 PULSE IRRIGATION : Supplies water in series of pulses or discharges with an interval of 5, 10 or 15 minutes.

18. 18 OVERALL VIEW OF A DRIP IRRIGATION SYSTEM

19. FIELD OF APPLICATION Drip irrigation is useful for crops like ; FRUIT CROPS Banana,Grapes,Citrus,Pomegranate,Pineapple,Papaya,Watermelon,Sweet lime , Mango VEGETABLE CROPS Cabbage,cauliflower,Okra,Potato,Tomato,Onion,Chilli,Radish,Brinjal,French bean, Capsicum,Bhendi,Beans,Carrot,Cucumber,Bottle gourd,Gherkins COMMERCIAL CROPS Sugarcane , Cotton, Groundnut 19

20. ADVANTAGES Simplicity Low pumping needs Automation Adaptation Joint management of irrigation Reduced water use etc., DISADVANTAGES Requires an economic investment Requires maintenance and high quality water Leak repair 20

21. ECONOMICS OF ESTABLISHING DRIP IRRIGATION IN GRAPE VINEYARD It involves ; Initial establishment costs Annual fixed costs(per acre) Annual operating costs(per acre) 21

22. INVESTMENTS IN EQUIPMENTS OF DRIP IRRIGATION SL. no TAPE(rupees) TUBE(rupees) 1. 3 Hp submersible electric pump 90,519.0 90,519.0 2. Electrical line upto 500’ for service 20,889.0 20,889.0 3. Filter and check valve 6,963.0 6,963.0 4. 1200 Feet 2’’ poly pipe ( 60c/ft) 50,133.60 50,133.0 5. 1000 Feet 1 1 / 2 poly pipe (37 c/ft) 25,763.10 25,763.10 6. Fittings , valves , and clumps 21,585.30 21,585.30 7. 55,000 feet mile tape or press, comp, tube 1,14,889.00 5,32,669.0 8. Fittings and pressure regulator 10,444.0 10,440.0 9. Trencher 13,926.0 13,926.0 10. Labor (4 man days) 2,78,520.0 2,78,520.0 11. Other(electrical investments, filter and check valves for pond , different footages for high and low density planting ) 62,997.0 62,997.0 TOTAL 4,45,563.20 8,63,412.0 PER ACRE 44,456.30 86,341.0 22

23. ANNUAL FIXED COSTS(per acre) for IRRIGATION SYSTEM SL.no ANNUALIZED FIXED COSTS 15 MIL TAPE(rupees) Pressure compensating tubing(rupees) 01. Depreciation 5431.14 5,361.51 02. Interest 1531.86 3202.98 03. Insurance - - 04. TOTAL 6,963.0 8564.49 23

24. ANNUAL OPERATING COSTS (per acre) for DRIP IRRIGATION SL.no TYPICAL( rupees) 01. Power source 1,740.75.0 02. Repairs 3,133.35.0 03. Labor: Spring, Summer , Fall 4,734.84.0 04. Additional Fertilizer, Pesticide and application cost - 05. Additional product harvesting, Hauling and Marketing - 06. City Water Metered - TOTAL 9,608.94 24

25. CONCLUSION Drip irrigation is a sub surface method of irrigating water with higher water demands in arid region. It may not be applicable to all farms. Drip irrigation increase yields. 25

26. THANK YOU REFERNCES: EFFICIENT USE OF IRRIGATION WATER – G.H.SHANKA REDDY, T.YELLAMANDA REDDY INTERNET SOURCES 26

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