Drip Irrigation followed in Nabarangpur district.pptx

Drip irrigation system

1. Drip Irrigation Systems PARITOSH MURMU Scientist, Agronomy

2. What is Drip Irrigation? Irrigation method that applies water to plants at a very low rate of application and without any pressure The concept of the system is to target the roots of the crop rather than the entire land area the crops cover Water is able to reach the deepest roots of the crop through capillaries and gravity

3. History First experimented in the 1860’s in Germany using clay pipes The first drip tape was first used in the United States in the 1960’s It was developed by an irrigation company called Netafin which patented the first drip irrigation system These systems have become a valued innovation in agriculture because it gives an alternative to surface irrigation.

4. Advantages over Surface Irrigation Less Irrigation Water Needed Variation in Application Rates Avoid Over Irrigation High Yields No Water Logging

5. Advantages (cont.) Reduced Labor Costs Uniform Distribution of Water Weed and Pest Control Suitable for any type of land Maintain surface temperature

6. Disadvantages over Surface Irrigation High Costs Buying the initial system can be more than other systems Systems can be more expensive because of the extensive piping needed Waste Tubes for drip irrigation can have a short life span requiring replacement pipes

7. Disadvantages (cont.) Clogging When the water is not properly filtered, the equipment could clog easily Extra time and money for cleanup costs after harvest Not beneficial to crops that are closely panted together (eg. wheat)

8. Global Water Distribution .

9. Water Conservation According to the EPA: - Drip irrigation uses 20-50% less water than pop up systems. - Can save the average American up to 30,000 gallons per year

10. Droughts 2013 Government Accountability Office survey stated that state water managers from around the country expect freshwater shortages to continue into the next decade.

11. Population Growth An estimated 9.6 billion people by 2050 Approx. 2.5 billion more mouths to feed than now

12. Drip Irrigation System Components Pumping set Generates pressure to control the amount of water supplied Filters Removes the impurities in the water

13. Main Lines This is the distribution system for drip irrigation PVC pipes and polyethylene pipes used in the system Pipes generally 65 mm in radius Sub Main Connected to main line through a control valve Distributes the water laterally through the field

14. Drippers/emitters Connected on the laterals in order to emit water in drops at a continuous flow rate flow rates generally do not exceed 15 liters/hr

15. Example Layout of System

16. Getting Started Compared to conventional systems, drip irrigation systems are: - easy to design - inexpensive - easy to install

17. Planning and Designing Recommended for: - trees, shrubs, vines, roses, vegetables, flower beds, pots, and individual plants Create a plant list as well as a property sketch

18. About the Soil Different soils require different drippers - Sandy: 2 GPH drippers (10”-12” spacing) - Loamy: 1 GPH drippers (16”-18” spacing) - Clay: .5 GPH drippers (18”-24” spacing) *GPH → Gallons Per Hour

19. How to Start a System Not all systems are going to be the same, thus multiple starting options. Factors include: - availability of water outlets - property lay out - types of plants

20. Method 1 Starting from a faucet for above ground installation using 1/2” poly tubing

21. Method 2 Starting from an anti-siphon valve for above or below grade installation

22. Method 3 Starting with an AC or DC in-line valve for below grade installation

23. Method 4 Retrofitting an existing sprinkler riser into a multi-outlet drip manifold head

24. Method 5 Starting from an existing riser using a conversion elbow

25. Watering Methods Different plants require different layouts Classifications: 1. Roses, trees, shrubs 2. Container plants, hanging baskets, window boxes 3. Vegetable gardens, row crops

26. Roses, Trees, Shrubs

27. Container Plants, Hanging Baskets, Boxes

28. Vegetable Gardens, Row Crops

29. Calculating Water Flow Requirements To determine the total flow, add up the total number of drippers and their flow rates. Ex: A system using 40 drippers consisting of 20-1 GPH and 20-2 GPH drippers - 20-1 GPH drippers = 20 gallons/hour - 20-2 GPH drippers = 40 gallons/hour Total flow rate: 60 GPH/60 = 1 gallon/min *Max flow rate for single line ½” poly tubing is 220GPH/3.6GPM

30. Watering Schedule

31. Drippers and Spacing

32. Potential Problems Controller does not work properly - Check to make the battery is still working Drippers have uneven or no flow - check for mainline leaks or replace/clean drippers Drippers have uneven or no flow at end of line - make sure you have not go over max flow rate (220GPH)

33. Maintenance Inspect drippers periodically to prevent clogging Filter screens should be cleaned once a month Tubing lines should be flushed once a month During freezing weather tubing should be drained and stored

34. Interesting Fact With marijuana production becoming a booming industry… -Drip irrigation is the most effective system for the plant and is widely used