DRUGS FOR DIARRHOEA

The drugs used for treatment for diarrhoea. pharmacology III semester notes, slideshare ppt

1. DRUGS FOR DIARRHOEA Prepared by: S.Gowthamraj,B.pharm, Excel college of pharmacy, Namakkal . 6 - Semester Pharmacology -III

2. DRUGS FOR DIARRHOEA

3. DIARRHOEA: It is a passage of too frequent , poorly formed watery stools. Three or more loose watery stools in 24 hours. Fluid loss is >10℅ of total body Weight may lead to shock/death. In India , diarrhoea kills about more than 0.5 million children in a year.

4. CAUSES : Bacteria Rota virus Food poisoning Amoebiasis Giardiasis Irritable bowel syndrome Thyrotoxicosis

5. TYPES: Secretory diarrhoea: Intestinal wall looses it's function or damaged results to increased secretion of electrolytes in the intestinal tract. It is also due to bacterial infection,viral infection, inflammatory bowel syndrome, side effects of drugs.

6. 2. Motility disorder diarrhoea: Increased Motility of GIT - the contact time of faecal mass with intestinal wall is reduced, lesser amount of water is reabsorbed from the faeces. Increased Motility GIT - Diarrhoea Decreased Motility GIT - Constipation

7. TREATMENT FOR DIARRHOEA Treatment for fluid depletion Maintenance of nutrition Drug therapy Oral or IV rehydration Food Absorbents Anti Motility Anti secretory drugs

8. REHYDRATION: Retention of the loss of fluid and electrolytes REHYDRATION Intravenous rehydration Oral rehydration It administered IV route It Should be taken at severe loss of fluid. In case of patients not able to taken orally due to vomiting. Eg: DHAKA FLUID It administered orally It does not stop diarrhoea but restore the electrolytes, pH balance until diarrhoea stops Eg: ORS powder

9. MAINTENANCE OF NUTRITION : Patients of diarrhoea should not be starved. Feeding during diarrhoea increases the intestinal digestive enzymes. Foods like milk / half strength of buffalo milk can be given. Boiled potato,rice,chicken soup , banana ,sago can also given soon.

10. DRUG THERAPY: SPECIFIC ANTI MICROBIAL DRUG NON SPECIFIC ANTI MICROBIAL DRUG Absorbents Anti secretory drugs Anti Motility drugs

11. SPECIFIC ANTI MICROBIAL DRUG: It act against the microbes in the intestines. For every diarrhoeal patients one or more Anti microbial agent's are prescribed. Two types of diarrhoea based on symptoms: Abundant watery stools Without mucus /blood With vomiting No or little fever Slightly loose stools With mucus or blood Without vomiting,dehydration With fever and abdominal pain

12. ANTI MICROBIAL DRUGS: NORFLOXACIN CIPROFLOXACIN NALIDIXIC ACID METRONIDAZOLE

13. DRUGS ACT AGAINST NORFLOXACIN Entero invasive organisms(EIEC) Entero pathogenic E.Coli (EPEC) Shigella,jejuni CIPROFLOXACIN Shigella NALIDIXIC ACID EPEC , Shigella METRONIDAZOLE Amoebiasis, giardiasis , clostridium difficile

14. NON SPECIFIC ANTI MICROBIAL DRUGS: Classification ABSORBENTS ISPAGHULA PSYLLIUM 2.ANTI SECRETORY DRUGS SULFASALAZINE MESALAZINE BISMUTH SUB SALICYLATE ATROPINE OCTREOTIDE RACECADOTRIL

15. 3.ANTI MOTILITY DRUGS CODEINE DIPHENOXYLATE LOPERAMIDE

16. ABSORBENTS ISPAGHULA: It is colloidal bulk forming agent's Absorb water and swell Modify consistency and frequency of stools Do not decrease loss of water and electrolytes It is useful in both constipation and diarrhea

17. ANTI SECRETORY DRUGS: SULFASALAZINE: Salicylazosulfo pyridine It is a compound of 5 amino Salicylic acid (5ASA) with sulfapyridine linked through an azo bond It is active against IBS including ulcerative colitis and Crohns disease.

18. MECHANISM OF ACTION: AZO BOND SPLITS BY COLONIC BACTERIA RELEASE OF 5 AZA &SULPYRIDINE IT BLOCKS BOTH COX & LOX DECREASE PROSTAGLANDINS SYNTHESIS PRODUCE LOCAL ANTI INFLAMMATORY EFFECTS DECREASE THE MUCOSAL SECRETION RELIEF IN ULCERATIVE COLITIS AND IBS

19. ADR: Rashes Fever Joint pain vomiting Headache Oligospermia Male infertility USES: IBS Ileostomy / colostomy diarrhoea Rheumatoid arthritis

20. ANTI MOTILITY DRUGS: LOPERAMIDE It is an opiate analogue Act in peripheral. Opioid analogue Also has week ANTI cholinergic property More potent than CODEINE as a constipating agent Duration of action also longer than CODEINE Act by decreasing Motility and inhibiting the secretion It interact with CALMODULIN to produce Anti diarrhoeal activity.

21. ADR : Abdominal cramps. Rashes

22. Th a nk Y o u !!!