Dumping Syndrome dumping syndrome 123.pptx

Dumping syndrome adalah

1. Dumping Syndrome MR Assignment Friday, 06/01/2023

2. Dumping Syndrome Dumping syndrome occurs when food, especially sugar, moves too fast from the stomach to the duodenum, the first part of the small intestine, and the upper gastrointestinal (GI) tract. This condition is also called rapid gastric emptying. Dumping syndrome has two forms, based on when symptoms occur: early dumping syndrome—occurs 10 to 30 minutes after a meal results from rapid movement of fluid into the intestine following a sudden addition of a large amount of food from the stomach. late dumping syndrome—occurs 2 to 3 hours after a meal results from rapid movement of sugar into the intestine, which raises the body’s blood glucose level and causes the pancreas to increase its release of the hormone insulin. The increased release of insulin causes a rapid drop in blood glucose levels, a condition known as hypoglycemia , or low blood sugar. 2

3. Sign and Symptoms 4 The symptoms of late dumping syndrome may include : hypoglycemia sweating weakness rapid or irregular heartbeat flushing dizziness Early dumping syndrome symptoms may include nausea vomiting abdominal pain and cramping diarrhea feeling uncomfortably full or bloated after a meal sweating weakness dizziness flushing, or blushing of the face or skin rapid or irregular heartbeat

4. Pathophysiology the symptoms of early and late dumping syndrome are believed to have distinct underlying pathophysiology's 5 T he arrival of hyperosmolar contents to the duodenum causes fluid to move from the intravascular component to the intestinal lumen. T his movement might lead to a decrease in the volume of circulating fluid, tachycardia and, rarely, syncope. The fluid shift into the duodenum might also cause duodenal distention, followed by cramp like contractions. A nother important mechanism that contributes to the pathogenesis of early dumping might be the increased release of several gastrointestinal peptide hormones, such as enteroglucagon , peptide YY, pancreatic poly- peptide, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide, glucagon- like peptide 1 and neurotensin, in postoperative dumping syndrome. T hese hormones’ mode of action might include changes in gastrointestinal motility and secretion, as well as hemodynamic effects Early Dumping Late Dumping rapid delivery of carbohydrates to the small intestine in dumping syndrome, therefore, causes excessive insulin secretion that subsequently results in hypoglycemia

5. Diagnosis 1/7/23 6 modified oral glucose tolerance test gastric emptying scintigraphy measure blood glucose concentration, hematocrit —the amount of red blood cells in the blood—pulse rate, and blood pressure before the test begins. After the initial measurements, the person drinks a glucose solution. The health care provider repeats the initial measurements immediately and at 30-minute intervals for up to 180 minutes. A health care provider often confirms dumping syndrome in people with  low blood sugar between 120 and 180 minutes after drinking the solution  an increase in hematocrit of more than 3 percent at 30 minutes  a rise in pulse rate of more than 10 beats per minute after 30 minutes bland meal that contains a small amount of radioactive material. Scoring upper GI endoscopy and upper GI series For examine the structure of the esophagus , stomach, and upper small intestine

6. Treatment 1/7/23 7 Eating, Diet, and Nutrition The first step to minimizing symptoms of dumping syndrome involves changes in eating, diet, and nutrition, and may include eating five or six small meals a day instead of three larger meals delaying liquid intake until at least 30 minutes after a meal increasing intake of protein, fiber , and complex carbohydrates—found in starchy foods such as oatmeal and rice avoiding simple sugars such as table sugar, which can be found in candy, syrup, sodas, and juice beverages increasing the thickness of food by adding pectin or guar gum—plant extracts used as thickening agents Medication A health care provider may prescribe octreotide acetate ( Sandostatin ) to treat dumping syndrome symptoms. The medication works by slowing gastric emptying and inhibiting the release of insulin and other GI hormones. Surgery A person may need surgery if dumping syndrome is caused by previous gastric surgery or if the condition is not responsive to other treatments. For most people, the type of surgery depends on the type of gastric surgery performed previously.

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