DUTY TO VALUE AND PRESERVE THE RICH HERITAGE.pptx

DUTY TO VALUE AND PRESERVE THE RICH HERITAGE OF OUR COMPOSITE CULTURE
( It include the Introduction of duty to value and preserve the rich heritage site and act related to this heritage sites, Importance of this duty, challenges to preservation, UNESCO world Heritage sites in India, case study, related law and penalties, information about some UNESCO sites around the world and MCQ.

1. DUTY TO VALUE AND PRESERVE THE RICH HERITAGE OF OUR COMPOSITE CULTURE Guided by Dr.Pramod Katkade Sir Presented by:- Shubham Fatak Roll no – 2 M.Pharm (Sem 3) Dept.of Pharmaceutics.

2. The constitution of I ndia says that: “It shall be a duty of every citizen of India to value and preserve the rich heritage of our composite culture. The duty to value and preserve India's composite culture is a fundamental duty of citizens, as outlined in Article 51 (A) of the Indian Constitution.  The 42nd Amendment Act of 1976 added this duty to the Constitution . In India the practice of conservation was introduced by the Lord Curzon in 1902 with consolidation of the Archeological Survey of India (ASI).

3. India is also one of the most ancient civilizations of the world, Our contributions towards art, science, literature is well known to the world, also this land is birth place of Hinduism, Jainism and Buddhism.

4. The Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Sites and Remains Act of 1958 , declares buildings that are 100 years olds and above as monuments and provides for protection, the site represent masterpiece of human creative genius, representing major stages of Earth history, historical or cultural important and ancient unique architecture. The main legislation in I ndia deals with conservation of cultural heritage are: The Indian Treasure Act,1878 The Ancient Monuments Preservation Act,1904 The Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Sites and Remains Act,1958 Maharashtra Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Sites and Remains Act, 1961 United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) has played an active role for Preservation of Monuments all over the world.

5. The Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Sites and Remains Act 1958 was amended in 2010. This act provide prohibition a nd restricts area around the Monuments. As per section 20A of the Act, Prohibited area: 100 meter in all directions construction activities in such areas are prohibited. As per the section 20 B defines Prohibited area: Prohibited area in Ancients monuments and archaeological sites extending to distance of 200 meters in all direction.

6. Importance of this Duty Promoting Unity in Diversity: The preservation of India’s composite culture is essential for maintaining its unity in diversity. With 28 states and 8 union territories, each having its distinct languages, traditions, and cultural practices. Protecting Cultural Identity: Every culture is an identity marker for a community. By preserving these cultural practices, India ensures that future generations retain their connection to their roots and traditions, reinforcing their sense of belonging's. International Recognition: India's diverse cultural heritage is recognized globally, with several of its monuments, art forms, and traditions being declared UNESCO World Heritage Sites. Preservation of this heritage contributes to India’s soft power globally, improving its cultural diplomacy and international standing.

7. Challenges to Preservation Urbanization and Industrialization: The rapid pace of urban development often leads to the destruction of ancient monuments, diminish their cultural value's. Loss of Indigenous Languages: India is home to over 1,600 languages, but many of these are under threat due to the dominance of certain languages like Hindi and English. Leading to loss of cultural practices. Climate Change and Environmental Damage: Natural and cultural heritage sites are under constant threat from environmental factors like pollution, climate change, and natural disasters. Coastal areas at risk to rising sea levels and extreme weather events. Trash or Garbage

8. UNESCO World heritage site in I ndia AJANTA CAVES 30 rock-cut Buddhist cave monuments dating from the 2 nd century BCE to about 480 CE BY Satavahana and Vakataka dynasties. Location- 101 km from Chhatrapati Sambhajinagar, Maharashtra. Problems- 1)Tree roots 2) Insects: Common insects that damage the paintings include silverfish, beetle. 3) Humidity: fungus growth. 1983 In green colour year indicates UNESCO declare Heritage site

9. ELLORA CAVES (VERUL LENI/KAILASA TEMPLE) Famous for Buddhist, Jain and Hindu Temple. Temple was build by (Krishna I) Rashtrakuta Dynasty between 600 AD to 1000AD. Location- 30 Km from Chhatrapati Sambhajinagar, Maharashtra. Problems- Pollution: Increase harmful reactive chemicals cause deteriotion of the caves. Bad smells: Produce bad smells because present of bat’s inside caves. Tree roots. 1983

10. ELEPHANTA CAVES Caves constructed by Rashtrakuta kings between 5 th to 6 th centuries. Elephanta caves are collection of caves temples dedicated to Hindu god Shiva. Location- Elephanta island or Gharapuri 10 Km East from Mumbai Harbour, Maharashtra . Problems- Wrote name on Caves wall. 1987

11. CHHATRAPATI SHIVAJI MAHARAJ TERMINUS Its construction began in 1878 and completed in 1887. In 1996 Victoria terminus is renamed to Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj Terminus. Location- Boribandar, Mumbai, Maharashtra. KHAJURAHO TEMPLE This monuments is popular for groups of Jain and Hindu Temples. Well known for their Nagara style symbolisms and erotic figures. Build by Chandela dynasty between 885 and 1000 CE. Location- Chhatrapur district, Madhya Pradesh. 175 Km from Jhansi. 7 July 2004 1986

12. BHIMBETKA ROCK SHELTERS Famous for Rock paintings within Natural Rock Shelters, Stone age inspiration and sitting place of Bhīma (Mahabharata) Within massive sandstone displaying paintings that appears Mesolithic Period to Historical period. Present on Vindhya mountain. This shelters are 10,000 BCE years old. Location- Raisen District, Madhya Pradesh. 45 Km from Bhopal. QUTUB MINAR Build in 1192 by Qutb- ud -din Aibak,first muslim ruler of Delhi and was completed in 1368 by Firoz shah Tughlaq. It contain 399 steps and 72.5 meter height. Build as victory Location- South Delhi , India. 2003 1993

13. RED FORT Red fort is build by Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan between 1638 and 1648, Construction began after he moved his capital from Agra to Delhi. Yamuna River Location- New Delhi , India. Problems-Corrosion and excessive dirt accumulation can weaken the structure and cause it to collapse. HUMAYUN’S TOMB Humayun’s Tomb was build in the 1560’ by Humayun’s son Akbar. Location- New Delhi , India. 2007 1993

14. TAJ MAHAL Build by Mughal emperor Shah Jahan in memory of his wife Mumtaj mahal. Construction start in 1632 AD and ends in 1648 AD Location- Agra, Utter Pradesh. AGRA FORT Build by Mughal emperor Humayun in 1530 AD and renovated by A kbar IN 1565 and completed in 1573, Location- Agra, Utter Pradesh. 1983 1983

15. BULAND DARWAZA (FATEHPUR SIKRI) Build in 1575 by Mughal emperor Akbar to celebrate victory over Gujarat. Location- Utter Pradesh 40 Km from Agra BRIHADEESWARAR TEMPLE Build in the year 1010 CE by Chola emperor Rajaraja I. Hindu god Shiva Location- Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu 1986 1987

16. KONARK SUN TEMPLE The Konark Sun Temple was built by King Narasimhadeva I of the Eastern Ganga dynasty in the 13th century.  Restoration-ASI began restoration in September 2020 and the process is expected to take three years to complete. The sand was filled in 1903 to stabilize the structure, put stress on the walls . Location- Odisha GROUP OF MONUMENTS IN HAMPI Almost all of the monuments were built between 1336 and 1570 CE during the Vijayanagara rule . Location-Vijayanagara, Karnataka. 1984 1986

17. RANI KI VAV The Rani Ki Vav, or Queen's Stepwell was built by Queen Udayamati in the 11th century as a tribute to her husband, King Bhimdev   I Location- Patan, Gujarat. DHOLAVIRA Joshi Dholavira   discovered in 1968.  he was an Indian archaeologist who also discovered the Indus Valley site of Surkotada . Luni river Location- Kutch, Gujarat , India. HADAPPA CIVILIZATION/ INDUS VALLEY CIVILIZATION 22 J une 2014 27 July 2021

18. MOHENJO DARO R.D. Banerji official of the Archaeological Survey of India (ASI), discovered Mohenjo-Daro in 1922. Location- Larkana, Sindh, Pakistan. HADAPPA CIVILIZATION/ INDUS VALLEY CIVILIZATION Harappa Discovered in 1921, Harappa was the first site of the Indus Valley Civilization to be excavated by archaeologists . Location- Sahiwal, Punjab, Pakistan . 1980

19. Case Study: The Taj Heritage Case (2018 ) The Taj Mahal India's iconic cultural symbol, faced severe environmental degradation due to industrial pollution and tourism pressure. Court's Decision: Restrict industrial activities near the monument . Similar Cases : Konark Sun Temple case (2019) : The Odisha High Court ordered the state government to protect the temple from environmental degradation . Hampi Monument case (2016) : The Karnataka High Court directed the state government to preserve the monument's surroundings.

20. Related Laws and Penalties : The Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Sites and Remains Act, 1958:- Imprisonment up to 3 years or fine up to ₹1 lakh or both for destroying or damaging protected monuments. - Fine up to ₹50,000 for unauthorized construction or excavation . The Environmental Protection Act, 1986 :- Imprisonment up to 5 years or fine up to ₹1 lakh or both for environmental damage . Maharashtra Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Sites and Remains Act, 1961 :- Imprisonment up to 2 years or fine up to ₹10,000 or both . Tamil Nadu Ancient and Historical Monuments and Archaeological Sites and Remains Act, 1966 :- Imprisonment up to 3 years or fine up to ₹50,000 or both.

21. WONDERS OF THE WORLD GREAT WALL OF CHINA The Great Wall was continuously built from the 3rd century BC to the 17th century AD. 21,196 Km long from Gobi desert to Bohai sea. RIO De JANEIRO Large statue of Christ the redeemer on the sugarloaf mountain Location- Brazil. 1987 2012

22. The Roman Colosseum (Rome ) Construction of the Colosseum began under the Roman emperor Vespasian between 70 and 72 CE. entertainment venue, hosting gladiator fights, animal hunts, sport venue. Location- Rome, Italy. Taj Mahal (Agra, India ) The Taj Mahal is considered a marvelous structure for a number of reasons, including its architectural beauty, its significance as a symbol of India's history, and its place as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Location-India, 1980 1983

23. Machu Picchu S tands 2,430 m above sea-level, in the middle of a tropical mountain forest, in an extraordinarily beautiful setting . Build in 1438-1472 Location- Peru CHICHEN ITZA Build by M aya civilization people in 6 th century. Largest mayan city ever build. Location- Mexico 1983 1988

24. PETRA The ancient city of Petra in Jordan was likely built between the 4 th and 2 nd centuries BCE by the Nabataeans, a nomadic Arabic tribe. Rock-cut architecture of red-rose sandstone rock’ Location-Jordan THE GREAT PYRAMID OF GIZA Great Pyramid of Giza largest of the three Pyramids of Giza, located near Nile River in northern Egypt. It was built by Khufu (Cheops), the second king of Egypt's 4th dynasty in 2560 BCE. Made by 2.3 millions large blocks weight of each 2.5 metric tons. Location- Cairo, Egypt. 1985 1979

25. ANGKOR WAT King Suryavarman II, start construction of Angkor Wat in the early 12th century. Construction began in 1116 and took over 30 years to complete, ending shortly after the king's death in 1150.  It is the largest religious monument on Earth. Dedicated to Hindu god Vishnu, and also have Buddhist temple. Location- Cambodia. 1992

26. Conclusion The duty to value and preserve the rich heritage sites of our culture , in Article 51A of the Indian Constitution, is a sacred responsibility that rests upon every citizen. This constitutional provision gives the importance of protecting and conserving India's cultural heritage, including monuments, historical sites, and cultural traditions . In I ndia there is necessity to making conservation oriented planning.

27. MCQ’s 1) When was the duty to value and preserve India's composite culture added to the Constitution? 1902 1976 2002 1950 2) What is the name of the organization consolidated by Lord Curzon in 1902 for conservation practices ? Archeological Survey of India (ASI ) Indian National Trust for Art and Cultural Heritage (INTACH ) National Monuments Authority (NMA ) Indian Conservation Society (ICS)

28. 3) Who introduced the practice of conservation in India ? Indira Gandhi Jawaharlal Nehru Mahatma Gandhi Lord Curzon 4) What is the primary purpose of The Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Sites and Remains Act of 1958 ? declare buildings under 100 years old as monuments To provide protection for buildings 100 years old and above To promote cultural exchange programs To establish archaeological museums

29. 5) What is the significance of the Maharashtra Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Sites and Remains Act, 1961 ? It provides protection for national monuments It establishes archaeological museums It promotes cultural exchange programs It protects state-specific monuments and sites 6) Which international organization plays an active role in preserving monuments worldwide ? United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO ) International Council on Monuments and Sites ( ICOMOS) International Committee of the Blue Shield (ICBS ) World Heritage Committee (WHC )

30. 7) What is the prohibited area around monuments as per Section 20A of the Act ? 50 meters in all directions 100 meters in all directions 200 meters in all directions 500 meters in all directions 8) What is the purpose of defining prohibited areas around monuments ? To promote tourism To protect monuments from damage To regulate traffic To acquire land

31. 9) In which state are the Bhimbetka Rock Shelters located ? Rajasthan Uttar Pradesh Madhya Pradesh Gujarat 10) In which state Dholavira (Indus Valley Civilization) archaeological site located? Maharashtra b) Rajasthan c) Gujarat d) Karnataka

32. Answers 1. b)1976 2. c) Archeological Survey of India (ASI) 3. d)Lord Curzon 4. b) To provide protection for buildings 100 years old and above 5. d) It protects state-specific monuments and sites 6. a) United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO ) 7. b) 100 meters in all directions 8. b) To protect monuments from damage 9. c) Madhya Pradesh 10. c) Gujarat

33. Thank you