Dysmenorrhea slideshare

What Is Dysmenorrhea
Types Of Dysmenorrhea
Primary Dysmenorrhea (PD)
.Causes
.Symptoms
Secondary Dysmenorrhea (SD)
.Causes
.Symptoms
.Diagnosis And Tests
MANAGEMENT AND TREATMENT
Can you prevent menstrual cramps?

3. •Dysmenorrhea is the medical
term

•Painful menstrual periods which are
caused by uterine contractions

•The pain is most often menstrual
cramps, which are

Throbbing,
Cramping pain in your lower
abdomen.

4. •You may also have other symptoms, such
as

lower back pain
nausea
diarrhea
headaches


•Period pain is not the same as premenstrual
syndrome

6. There are two types of
dysmenorrhea:

•primary

•secondary

8. •Common menstrual cramps

•Occurs when first start your period
and continues throughout your life
and aren’t due to other diseases

•Pain usually begins one or two days
before get period

9. •excessive levels of
prostaglandins, hormones that
make your uterus contract

•Prostaglandins cause the
muscles and blood vessels of
the uterus to contract.

10. Feel mild to severe pain in the
•pain in the lower abdomen,
•low back pain
•Thighs
•Cramping
•pain spreading down the legs

Have other symptoms, such as
•vomiting
•nausea
•diarrhea
•Fatigue
•Weakness
•Fainting
•headaches

11. •Pain can typically last
12 to 72 hour


•Common menstrual
cramps may become
less painful as you get
older and may stop
entirely if you have a
baby.

13. •Painful periods because of a
disorder or an infection in
female reproductive organs.

14. Pain usually begins earlier in the menstrual cycle and
lasts longer than common menstrual cramps

For example, the pain may begin a few days before a period
starts. The pain may get worse as the period continues and may
not go away after it ends.


You usually don’t have nausea, vomiting, fatigue or
diarrhea

15. Most often Endometriosis

Endometriosis

•The tissue lining the uterus (the endometrium) is
found outside of the uterus
•Because these pieces of tissue bleed during your
period
•They can cause swelling, scarring and pain

16. Adenomyosis:

•The lining of the uterus grows into the
muscle of the uterus.
•This condition can cause the uterus to get
much bigger than it should be, along with
abnormal bleeding and pain

17. Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)

•Caused by bacteria that starts
in the uterus and can spread
to other reproductive organs



•PID can cause pain in the stomach or pain
during sex

18. Cervical stenosis

•Narrowing of the cervix, or the
opening to the uterus

19. Fibroids (benign
tumors)

•Growths on the
inside, outside or
in the walls of the
uterus

20. Suspected in older women with no
history of dysmenorrhea until proven

The Symptoms include

•Menorrhagia
•Intermenstrual bleeding
•Dyspareunia
•Postcoital bleeding
•Infertility

22. Pelvic Examination

•Inserts a speculum
(an instrument that lets the
provider see inside the vagina)

•Able to examine your vagina,
cervix and uterus

•If feel for any lumps or changes,
They may take a small sample
of vaginal fluid for testing

23. Have other recommend certain tests,
including

Ultrasound

•Test uses sound waves to create an
image of your uterus, cervix, fallopian
tubes and ovaries

24. Other imaging tests

CT scan or MRI scan (This scan provides more detail than an ultrasound)

CT scan

•CT combines X-ray images taken from
many angles to produce cross-sectional
images of bones, organs and other soft tissues
inside your body


MRI scan

•MRI uses radio waves and a powerful
magnetic field to produce detailed
images of internal structures


•Both tests are noninvasive and painless

25. Laparoscopy

•Detect an underlying
condition, such as
endometriosis, adhesions,
fibroids, ovarian cysts and
ectopic pregnancy

27. To relieve mild menstrual cramps:


Ibuprofen
•For the best relief, take ibuprofen as soon as bleeding
or cramping starts
Ibuprofen belongs to a class of drugs called non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
(NSAIDs). They reduce the output of prostaglandins. If you can’t take NSAIDs, you can
take another pain reliever like acetaminophen


•Place a heating pad or
hot water bottle on your
lower back or abdomen

28. •Rest when needed



•Avoid foods that contain caffeine



•Avoid smoking and drinking alcohol



•Massage your lower back and abdomen

29. •If testing shows that you have
secondary dysmenorrhea, your provider
will discuss treatments of the condition
causing the pain. This might mean oral
contraceptives, other types of
medications, or surgery

31. Besides getting enough sleep and rest, things
you might want to try include:

•Yoga

•Acupuncture and acupressure
Inserting extremely thin needles through
your skin at strategic points on your body.
Some studies have found that acupuncture
helps relieve menstrual cramps

•Relaxation or breathing exercises
Physical activity, including sex, helps ease
menstrual cramps for some women

32. •Use heat
Soaking in a hot bath or using a heating pad,
hot water bottle or heat patch on your lower
abdomen might ease menstrual cramps


•Reduce stress
Psychological stress might increase your risk
of menstrual cramps and their severity

33. The answer is “probably not.”
However, eating a balanced diet and
getting regular exercise may help
stop cramps from being as intense