dystocia in cattle sheep and goat.pptx

dystocia in cattle sheep and goat

1. Dystocia in cattle , sheep, goat Ohh …Leave me alone are you Crazy !!?!? presented by – yarmi goriya

2. Dystocia: Dys- difficult, tokas- birth (difficult birth) Eutocia refers to safe, easy, natural, or physiological parturition

3. MATERNAL CAUSE : FAILURE OF THE EXPULSIVE FORCES 1.Uterine inertia Primary uterine inertia – Lack of oxytocin Lack of calcium Metabolic disorder ( eg ) ketosis, hypomagnesmia . Clinical signs – Preparations for birth begin but do not continue into second-stage labor. The fetus is normally in the correct presentation, position, and posture. but there is no evidence of uterine contractions Rx - Calcium solutions and oxytocin are the drugs of choice in cases of uterine inertia

4. 2-Secondary uterine inertia- due to exhaustion of uterine muscle for example fetal maldisposition Obstriction in birth passage Uterine rupture Spontaneous –due to a weak point Accidental- rolling during torsion In large uterine ruptures with severe internal hemorrhage death occurs shortly In smaller ruptures animal may show transient colic without fetal delivery. Sometimes intestine may prolapse from the vulva coming out through the ruptured part of uterus. Administration of oxytocin after fetal delivery would contract the ruptured part of uterus however, extensive ruptures with prolapse of abdominal organs necessitate emergency laparotomy with repair

5. Cervical dilation failure Cervical dilation at parturition involves a complex process. It is a multifactorial process which is an outcome of hormonal regulation, inflammatory process and enzymatic breakdown of collagen. When fully dilated the cervix is continuous with the vagina Cervical dilation problems are less common in buffalo compared to cattle due to more capacious pelvis, larger area of ileum and free and easily separable 5 th sacral vertebra. Cervical dilation problems are common in sheep and goats and known as Ring Womb .

6. RING WOMB -

7. Uterine torsion finding Spiral folding of birth canal Broad ligament of uterus stretched and rotated across birth canal Felt via rectal palpation

8. Correction of uterine torsion Schaffers method Rotate fetus Cesarean section

9. Fetal dystocia 1- feto pelvic disproportion fetal size – more than normal pelvic size – smaller than normal 2- fetal malformation 3- fetal maldisposition 4- fetal death

10. DYSTOCIA CAUSED BY FETAL MONSTERS ( fetal malformation) A review of the literature suggests that 33.2% of bovine fetal monsters are conjoined twins, 31.8% are schistosomes, and 8.4% bulldog calves

11. Moster fetus Schistosoma reflexum Celosomian / moon calf Abdominal organ are outside of body cavity Acut dorsiflexion of fetal spinal column results approximation of head with tail Rx -simple traction Fetotomy is method of choice for complicated case Delayed cases caesarean section is performed

12. Conjoined twins Conjoined twins Sometimes known as 'double monsters', these are the most common group of monsters and arise from incomplete division of a fertilized ovum

13. Foetal dropsy Hydrocephalus swelling of cranium due to abnormal accumulation of fluid in cranium due to autosomal recessive gene Rx – in severe case portion of cranium shoud be incised and fluid drained

14. Fetal ascites Accumulation of fluid in the abdominal cavity Cause – over production or inefficient removal of peritoneal fluid Rx drainage by incising abdominal wall Excessive subcutaneous edema of fetus Rx Drainage of fluid can be achieved by incising the abdominal wall Alternatively a cutting hook can be used In delayed cases caesarean section is performed Fetal anasarca

15. FETAL MALDISPOSITION maldisposition includes abnormalities of presentation, position, and posture that render it difficult or impossible for the fetus to enter or pass through the birth canal

16. Presentation: Relationship of the long axis of the fetus in relation to the birth canal 1 longitudinal- anterior/posterior 2 transverse 3 horizontal Position: Relationship of the dorsum of the fetus as applied to the quadrants of the mother; sacrum, ileum, pubis 1 dorsosacrale 2 dorso ilial 3 dorso pubic

17. Posture: Relationship of the head and extremities of the fetus to its own body

18. Fetal Maldisposition Malpresentation -Transverse, lateral, vertical Malposition Dorsopublic , Dorso-ilial , oblique Malposture -Anterior presentation – Limb flexion at carpal, elbow or shoulder -Head deviation – lateral, upward and downward (vertex, footnape and breast- head) -Posterior presentation : Hock flexion and hip flexion (Breech)

19. longitudinal Presentation , either anterior (95%), or posterior (5%) . Dorso sacral in position Normal Posture (complete extension of the free extremities head,neck and limbs) Normal PPP

20. Method of correcting dystocia Live fetus option 1 mutation 2 forced extraction 3 caesarean section Dead fetus option 1 mutation 2 forced extraction 3 caesarean section 4 fetotomy

21. MUTATION Mutation refers to procedures such as Repulsion Rotation Version , Adjustment or extension of the extremities carried out on the fetus thereby restoring it to a normal presentation, position and posture.

22. REPULSION (Retropulsion) Repulsion refers to the act of pushing the fetus from the vaginal passage in to the uterine cavity , in order to create space ROTATION Rotation refers to the act of turning the fetus on its long axis to restore the fetus in to a dorso-sacral position. More often required in mares than in cows.

23. VERSION Version refers to the act of rotation of the fetus on its transverse axis in to an anterior or posterior presentation. Version is usually limited to 90 ° Converting transverse presentation in to posterior longitudinal presentation is preferred, as this prevents the complications of corrections of abnormal presentation or posture.

24. There are some essential requirements to apply traction force Normal p.p.p. Normal sized fetus Normal bony and soft birth way Adequate cervical dilatation. Slippery birth way (either with adequate normal or artificial fetal fluids)

25. T raction in Normal anterior presentation You have three points of fixation and traction(two fore limbs and the head)

26. Traction Force right *Alternative traction wrong

27. Lateral deviated head Correction by hand Correction by robe  fairly common for the calf already dead.

28. How to correct this position… repel the head and forelimbs away from the pelvic inlet. The hind limbs can then be stretched into the pelvic inlet and through the birth canal to create a horizontal presentationThis way, the calf is converted into a normal posterior presentation

29. True Breech It consists of the calf in a  backwards presentation with  both hind legs tucked/bent towards the head  (bilateral hind limb flexion). 

30. Leg Back - Carpal Flexion How to correct this position… push the limb up towards the body,   bending the higher joints first , and  then extending the leg laterally towards  the  vulva .

31. LEG BACK - SHOULDER FLEXION HOW TO CORRECT THIS POSITION…

32. The leg can then be extended into the pelvic inlet, while the hoof is being cusped in your hand to prevent damage to the womb .

33. Hip Flexion This position consists of the calf being presented  backwards  (posterior presentation), with  one of the legs in the birth canal  (extended towards the vulva) and the  other bent  inside the uterus, usually locked behind the cow’s pelvic bone

34. Hip Flexion Correction by transfer it into hook and make extension

35. Correction of lateral deviated head By using eye hooks and robes By using mandibular robe

36. INJURY TO THE CALF 1- asphyxia and anorexia 2- femoral nerve paralysis 3-fracture of mandible – due to inappropriate use of obstetricle chain

37. Placement of obstetrical chain with one loop over fetlock and half hinch around pastern will prevent injury to fetal limb

38. INJURY TO DAM 1-calving paralysis 2-ROP 3-Uterine prolapse 4- tear to vagina and uterus

39. Thank you