E-Wastefinal-1.pptx it's good for learning

It's good

1. E-WASTE

2. INTRODUCTION Electronic waste or e-waste is any broken or unwanted electrical or electronic appliance. E-waste includes computers, entertainment electronics, mobile phones and other items that have been discarded by their original users.

3. CAUSES E-waste is the most rapidly growing waste problem in the world. It is a crisis of not quantity alone but also a crisis born from toxics ingredients, posing a threat to the occupational health as well as the environment. Rapid technology change, changes in media (tapes, software, MP3), falling prices, low initial cost, high obsolescence rate have resulted in a fast growing problem around the globe.

4. A GLOBAL CHALLENGE An estimated 50 million tons of E-waste are produced each year. The USA discards 30 million computers each year and 100 million phones are disposed of in Europe each year. The Environmental Protection Agency estimates that only 15-20% of e-waste is recycled, the rest of these electronics go directly into landfills and incinerators the amount of e-waste being produced - including mobile phones and computers - could rise by as much as 500 percent over the next decade in some countries, such as India. The United States is the world leader in producing electronic waste, tossing away about 3 million tons each year. China already produces about 2.3 million tons (2010 estimate) domestically, second only to the United States. And, despite having banned e-waste imports, China remains a major e-waste dumping ground for developed countries.

5. COMPOSITION OF E-WASTE

6. ELECTRONIC WASTE DUMP OF THE WORLD: GUIYU, CHINA It is often referred to as the “ e-waste capital of the world .” The city employs over 150,000 e-waste workers that work through 16-hour days disassembling old computers and recapturing whatever metals and parts they can reuse or sell. Soaring levels of toxic heavy metals and organic contaminants in the soil. 82% of the Guiyu children had blood/lead levels of more than 100. The highest concentrations of lead were found in the children of parents whose workshop dealt with circuit boards and the lowest was among those who recycled plastic.

7. E-WASTE MANAGEMENT In industries management of e-waste should begin at the point of generation. This can be done by waste minimization techniques and by sustainable product design. Waste minimization in industries involves adopting: inventory management, production-process modification, volume reduction, recovery and reuse.

8. RECOVERY AND REUSE This technique could eliminate waste disposal costs, reduce raw material costs and provide income from a salable waste. Waste can be recovered on-site, or at an off-site recovery facility, or through inter industry exchange. For example, a printed-circuit board manufacturer can use electrolytic recovery to reclaim metals from copper and tin-lead plating bath.

9. RESPONSIBILITIES OF THE GOVERNMENT Governments should set up regulatory agencies in each state, which are vested with the responsibility of coordinating and consolidating the regulatory functions of the various government authorities regarding hazardous substances. Governments must encourage research into the development and standard of hazardous waste management, environmental monitoring and the regulation of hazardous waste-disposal. Governments should enforce strict regulations and heavy fines levied on industries, which do not practice waste prevention and recovery in the production facilities. Governments should enforce strict regulations against dumping e-waste in the country by outsiders. Governments should explore opportunities to partner with manufacturers and retailers to provide recycling services.

10. RESPONSIBILITY AND ROLE OF INDUSTRIES Use label materials to assist in recycling (particularly plastics). Standardize components for easy disassembly. Re-evaluate 'cheap products' use, make product cycle 'cheap' and so that it has no inherent value that would encourage a recycling infrastructure. Create computer components and peripherals of biodegradable materials. Utilize technology sharing particularly for manufacturing and de manufacturing. Encourage / promote / require green procurement for corporate buyers. Look at green packaging options.

11. RESPONSIBILITIES OF THE CITIZEN Recycling raw materials from end-of-life electronics is the most effective solution to the growing e-waste problem. E-wastes should never be disposed with garbage and other household wastes. This should be segregated at the site and sold or donated to various organizations. Reuse, in addition to being an environmentally preferable alternative, also benefits society. By donating used electronics, schools, non-profit organizations, and lower-income families can afford to use equipment that they otherwise could not afford. Gather any unwanted chargers, accessories or batteries to recycle –find national recycling center of the company where you can take the equipment for recycling .

12. SUSTAINABLE PRODUCT DESIGN Minimization of hazardous wastes should be at product design stage itself keeping in mind the following factors Rethink the product design Use of renewable materials and energy(e.g. use of Bio-based plastics) Use of non-renewable materials that are safer (ensure the product is built for re-use, repair and/or upgradeability)

13. PICTURES Guiyu (China) India Ghana Pakistan

14. This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA