EAPP Lesson: 014 - Conducting Debate.pdf

"Conducting a debate" refers to the organized and formal exchange of ideas, arguments, and perspectives on a specific topic or issue. It is a structured discussion where individuals or teams take opposing sides—proposing or opposing a motion—and aim to persuade the audience or judges through logical reasoning, evidence, and rhetorical skills. Allow me to provide you with a detailed and well-organized guide to conducting a debate.

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### **1. Introduction to Debating**
Debating is both an art and a skill. It goes beyond merely discussing a topic; it requires critical thinking, structured communication, and the ability to anticipate and counter opposing arguments. The primary objectives of debating include:
- Persuading the audience or adjudicators.
- Enhancing critical thinking and public speaking skills.
- Encouraging respectful dialogue and fostering understanding of diverse viewpoints.

Debates can take place in academic settings, professional environments, political arenas, or informal gatherings. They are often based on a motion or resolution, such as *"Social media does more harm than good."*

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### **2. Components of a Debate**
A formal debate has several key elements:
1. **The Motion**: The statement or proposition being debated. It is usually phrased as a declarative sentence (e.g., *"This house believes that climate change is the greatest threat to humanity."*).

2. **Participants**:
- **Debaters**: Typically two teams—one side supporting the motion (proposition/affirmative) and the other opposing it (opposition/negative).
- **Moderator**: Ensures the rules are followed, keeps time, and maintains order.
- **Adjudicators/Judges**: Evaluate the arguments, delivery, and overall performance of the debaters. In some debates, the audience may also play this role.

3. **Structure**: A debate is often organized into speeches or rounds, such as:
- **Opening Speeches**: Where each side lays out their main arguments.
- **Rebuttals**: Where teams respond to and refute the opposing side's arguments.
- **Closing Speeches**: A summary of the team's case and final persuasive remarks.

4. **Time Limits**: Each speaker is allotted a specific amount of time to present their arguments.

5. **Rules of Engagement**: These dictate what is acceptable during the debate, such as adhering to time limits, avoiding personal attacks, and supporting arguments with evidence.

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### **3. Steps for Conducting a Debate**
The process of conducting a debate involves meticulous planning and execution:

#### **Step 1: Selecting the Motion**
Choose a topic that is:
- Relevant and timely.
- Controversial or debatable (it must have valid arguments on both sides).
- Suitable for the audience and participants.

#### **Step 2: Preparing for the Debate**
Preparation is crucial for success. This includes:
- **Research**: Gather credible evidence, statistics, and examples to support your stance.
- **Organizing Arguments**: Arrange your points logically,

1. HAPPY
NEW YEAR!
Nikkeisians!
Rolen Sensei

2. How are you
today?
How was celebrating the new year?

3. ANewYear’sResolutionisapromisethat
youmaketoyourselftostartdoing
somethinggoodorstopdoingsomething
badonthefirstdayoftheyear.
Do you know what is a New
Year’s Resolution?
Is it important to have a new year’s resolution?

4. 1. It will help you become who you want to be
Why do we give importance on having a
New Year’s Resolution?
It’simportantthatyousetyourselfaNewYear’s
resolutiontohelpyoubecomethatpersonyouwantfor
thisyear.Settingyourselfaresolutionisagoodwayto
helpyoureflectonwhat’simportanttoyou,clearyour
mindandfocusonwhoyouwanttobecome.

5. 2. It can provide stability
Why do we give importance on having a
New Year’s Resolution?
Havingsomeideaofwhereyouwanttobecanhelpyou
maketherightdecisionsinlife.MakeaNewYear’s
resolutionfor2023,justasmallone,andyoucanuseit
tohelpguideyoualongtherightpathwhenyou’re
strugglingtomakeadecision.

6. 3. It can drive you
Why do we give importance on having a
New Year’s Resolution?
Justthink,ifyousetyourselfthegoalinnottodothe
badthingsthatyouhadlastyear!–atthesametime
thateverybodyelseissettingtheirpersonalgoals,you’ll
havethesupportandencouragementofeveryone
aroundyoutohelpdriveyoutoachieveyours!
So what is your new year’s resolution?

7. Lesson Objectives
defend a stand on an issue by presenting
reasonable arguments supported by
properly cited factual pieces of evidence
through a position paper
recall the meaning of
position paper and
debate
utilize the information
on how to conduct a
debate
understand that writing
academic papers requires
diligence and endurance
01
03
02
04
Understanding Remembering
Creating Analyzing

8. Thethesisstatementisthesentencethatstatesthemainideaofawriting
assignmentandhelpscontroltheideaswithinthepaper.Itisnotmerelya
topic.Itoftenreflectsanopinionorjudgmentthatawriterhasmadeaboutareading
orpersonalexperience.
The "topic sentence" isthe sentence in which the main idea of the paragraph
is stated. It is unquestionably the most important sentence in the paragraph. The
topic sentence generally is composed of two parts: (a) the topic itself and (b) the
controlling idea. The Topic. The topic is the subject of the paragraph
Thesis Statement
Topic Sentence
Vocabulary
Example: “World hunger has many causes and effects.”
Example: “People are experiencing severe food insecurity.
World hunger is when people spend entire day of nothing to eat…”

9. Transitionsentencesarethesentencesthatshowtherelationshipbetweentwo
ormoreideas.Thinkofthemasbridges,tunnels,andmergesthatconnect
differentsectionsofyourwork,withspecificwordsandphrasesactingasroad
signs.
In academic writing, an argument is usuallya main idea, often called a “claim”
or “thesis statement,” backed up with evidence that supports the idea.
Transition Sentences
Argument
Vocabulary
Inanessay,aparagraphdiscussesoneideaindetailthatsupportsthethesis
oftheessay.Eachparagraphinthebodyofthepapershouldincludeatopic
sentence,supportingdetailstosupportthetopicsentence,andaconcluding
sentence.
Paragraph

10. Recall the
meaning of
position paper
and debate
01
What is position paper and debate?

11. Apositionpaperpresentsanarguableopinion
aboutanissue.Thegoalofapositionpaperisto
convincetheaudiencethatyouropinionisvalidand
worthlisteningto.Ideasthatyouareconsidering
needtobecarefullyexaminedinchoosingatopic,
developingyourargument,andorganizingyour
paper.
Define an position
paper…
Is position paper arguable or debatable?

12. Argumentativeessaysarealsoknownas
“persuasiveessays,”“opinionessays,”or
“positionpapers.”Inanargumentativeessay,the
authoradoptsapositiononadebatableissueand
usesreasonandevidencetoconvincethereaderof
his/heropinion.
Is it?
How will you know that your writing is an essay?

13. 1. Are there any topics? Or issues
that we are not allowed to talk?
What should we not
debate about?
Support your thoughts!

14. Adebate is a discussion or structured contest about
an issue or a resolution. A formal debate involves
two sides: one supporting a resolution and one
opposing it. Such a debate is bound by rules
previously agreed upon.
What is a debate?
1

15. Debates may be judged in order to declare a
winning side. Debates, in one form or
another, are commonly used in democratic
societies to explore and resolve issues and
problems. .
What is a debate?
2

16. Decisions at a board meeting, public hearing,
legislative assembly, or local organization are often
reached through discussion and debate. Indeed, any
discussion of a resolution is a form of debate,
which may or may not follow formal rules (such as
Robert’s Rules of Order).
What is a debate?
3

17. In the context of a classroom, the topic for
debate will be guided by the knowledge, skill,
and value outcomes in the curriculum.
What is a debate?
4

18. Aformaldebateusuallyinvolvesthreegroups:
onesupportingaresolution(affirmativeteam),
oneopposingtheresolution(opposingteam),and
thosewhoarejudgingthequalityoftheevidence
andargumentsandtheperformanceinthedebate.
Structure of A Debate

19. Theaffirmativeandopposingteamsusuallyconsistof
threememberseach,whilethejudgingmaybedoneby
theteacher,asmallgroupofstudents,ortheclassasa
whole.Inadditiontothethreespecificgroups,theremay
anaudiencemadeupofclassmembersnotinvolvedin
theformaldebate.Aspecificresolutionisdevelopedand
rulesforthedebateareestablished.
Structure of A Debate

20. • Develop the resolution to be debated.
• Organize the teams.
• Establish the rules of the debate,
including timelines.
• Research the topic and prepare logical
arguments.
• Gather supporting evidence and examples
for position taken.
• Anticipate counter arguments and prepare
rebuttals.
• Team members plan order and content of
speaking in debate.
• Prepare room for debate.
• Establish expectations, if any, for
assessment of debate.
Debate
Preparation

21. Debate opens with the affirmative team (the team that supports the
resolution) presenting their arguments, followed by a member of
the opposing team. This pattern is repeated for the second speaker
in each team. Finally, each team gets an opportunity for rebutting
the arguments of the opponent. Speakers should speak slowly and
clearly. The judges and members of the audience should be taking
notes as the debate proceeds. A typical sequence for debate, with
suggested timelines, is as follows:
Conducting Debate

22. • the first speaker on the affirmative team presents arguments in
support of the resolution. (5 –10 minutes)
• The first speaker on the opposing team presents arguments
opposing the resolution. (5 –10 minutes)
• The second speaker on the affirmative team presents further
arguments in support of the resolution, identifies areas of conflict,
and answers questions that may have been raised by the opposition
speaker. (5 –10 minutes)
Conducting Debate

23. The second speaker on the opposing team presents further
arguments against the resolution, identifies further areas of conflict,
and answers questions that may have been raised by the previous
affirmative speaker. (5 –10 minutes)
• The rules may include a short recess for teams to prepare their
rebuttals. (5 minutes)
• The opposing team begins with the rebuttal, attempting to defend
the opposing arguments and to defeat the supporting arguments
without adding any new information. (3 –5 minutes).
Conducting Debate

24. •First rebuttal of the affirmative team (3 –5 minutes)
• Each team gets a second rebuttal for closing statements with the
affirmative team having the last opportunity to speak. (3 –5
minutes each)
• There cannot be any interruptions. Speakers must wait their
turns.
Conducting Debate

25. Who will be the great
defenders?
Let’s group the
opponents.
Activity (Brainstorming) 02

26. Values
Part in the Writing
Process that
Challenged My
Diligence and
Endurance

27. DEBATING ON A POSITION PAPER
Theteacherwillconductadebateandmakeanarrangement
withthegroup'sopponentsaccordingly.Therewillbeatimelimitfor
thespeakers,asitwillbepresentedonlyfortwodays,January16
and18,2023.Thedebatewillbepartoftheirfinalexam.
(PerformanceExam.)
Eachteamshouldfollowthewaysonhowtoconductdebate,
aswhathasbeendiscussed.Eachofthespeakerswillbegiven2-3
minutestoopposeoraffirmtheclaimsandmustonlyconsume15-20
minutestocompletetheroundandprovetheirclaimsfromtheir
positionpapers.Thegroupmustfollowthegivenrubric.

28. Wrap up
Questions!
Raise your thumbs
up, if you can answer
the questions…

29. FUN FACTS ABOUT NEW
YEAR’S RESOLUTION
An average of 44% of Americans make a
New Year's resolution before the night is
over. Only 31% of people stick with the
promises they made to themselves the
prior year. A whopping 81% fail by
February. The four most popular types of
goals people set are to exercise, eat well,
lose weight, and save money.

30. JANUARY 2023
MON TUE WED THU FRI SAT SUN
1
2 3 4 5 6 7 8
9 10 11 12 13 14 15
16 17 18 19 20 21 22
23 24 25 26 27 28 29
EVENTS OF THE MONTH
English Week
Jan 9-13
Written Examination Week
Jan 19-20
NOTES
Please submit all your
assignments and other written
works before January 30 for your
2
nd
quarter compliance.

31. JANUARY 2023
MON TUE WED THU FRI SAT SUN
1
2 3 4 5 6 7 8
9 10 11 12 13 14 15
16 17 18 19 20 21 22
23 24 25 26 27 28 29
EVENTS OF THE MONTH
English Week
Jan 9-13
Position Paper Debate
Jan 16 and 18
NOTES
Please submit all your
assignments and other written
works before January 30 for your
2
nd
quarter compliance.

32. CREDITS: This presentation template was created by
Slidesgo,and includes icons by Flaticon, and
infographics & images by Freepik
THANKS!
DO YOU HAVE ANY QUESTIONS?
[email protected]
Please be generous by your kindness for the entire year!