Earth's Interior powerpoint presentation

Quarter 1

1. THE LAYERS OF THE EARTH

2. STUDYING THE EARTH’S INTERIOR

3. WHY IS IT IMPORTANT TO STUDY THE EARTH’S INTERIOR?

4. Three Main Layers Crust Mantle Core

5. What are Seismic Waves? Seismic waves are caused by the sudden movement of materials within the Earth, such as slip along a fault during an earthquake

6. Two Types of Seismic Waves Body Waves Surface Waves

7. Surface Waves These are waves that can only travel on the surface of the Earth

8. LOVE WAVE - named after Augustus Edward Hough Love – a British mathematician who worked out the mathematical model of the wave - a type of wave that moves the ground in a side-to-side horizontal motion, like that of a snake’s causing the ground to twist

9. Rayleigh Wave - N amed after John William Strutt, Lord Rayleigh, who mathematically predicted the existence of this kind of wave in 1885 - A wave that rolls moving the ground and moves it either up and down or side-to-side similar to the direction of the wave’s movement

10. Body Waves Can travel through the Earth’s inner layers and are used by scientists to study the Earth’s interior. These waves are of a higher frequency than the surface waves.

11. P Waves (Primary Waves) The first wave to be recorded by a detector. Called compressional waves, travel by particles vibrating parallel to the direction the wave travel.

12. S Waves ( Secondary/Shear Waves) The second wave to be recorded by a detector. M ove as shear or transverse waves, and force the ground to sway from side to side, in rolling motion that shakes the ground back and forth perpendicular to the direction of the waves

13. STUDYING THE EARTH’S INTERIOR

14. Andrija Mohorovičić Found out that the velocity of seismic waves changes and increases at a distance of about 50 kilometers below the Earth’s surface.

15. BENO GUTENBERG

16. BENO GUTENBERG American seismologist noted for his analyses of earthquake waves and the information they furnish about the physical properties of the Earth’s interior. INGE LEHMANN

17. INGE LEHMANN This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-NC-ND He was a Danish geophysicist and seismologist born on May 13, 1888 He discovered a new region of seismic reflection within the core.

18. CRUST – 40 KM MANTLE – 2,900 KM OUTER CORE – 2,200 KM INNER CORE – 1,278 KM

19. CRUST The crust is the thinnest and the outermost layer of the Earth that extends from the surface to about 32 kilometers below. Underneath some mountains, the crust’s thickness extends to 72 kilometers.

20. CRUST Continental crust is mainly made up of silicon, oxygen, aluminum, calcium, sodium, and potassium Oceanic crust is around 7-10 km thick which its average thickness is 8 kilometers

21. MANTLE It makes up about 80% of the Earth’s total volume and about 68% of its total mass. The mantle is mainly made up of silicate rocks, contrary to common belief, is solid, since both S-waves and P-waves pass through it.

22. OUTER CORE It is 2250 kilometers thick and is made up of iron and nickel. The temperature in the outer core reaches up to 2000°C at this very high temperature, iron and nickel melt

23. INNER CORE The inner core is made up of solid iron and nickel and has a radius of 1300 kilometers. Its temperature reaches to about 5000°C.

24. CONTINENTAL DRIFT THEORY