Earth and Life Science: Energy Sources.pptx

Earth and Life Science: Energy Sources.pptx

1. Energy Sources Physical Science

2. At the end of this module, you are expected to: Describe how energy is harnessed from different sources: (a) fossil fuels, (b) biogas, (c) geothermal, (d) hydrothermal, (e) batteries, (f) solar cells, and (g) biomass. (S11/12PS-IIIf-h-25) Identify the advantages and disadvantages of each energy source (S11/12PS-IIIf-h-25) Express awareness on the conservation of our energy sources (S11/12-PS-IIIf-h-25)

3. Activity 1: Classifying Energy Sources Direction: Classify whether the following is either renewable or nonrenewable. Write RE if it is renewable and NRE if it is nonrenewable. Write your answers in your NOTEBOOK. Geothermal Natural gas Hydropower Coal Oil Biogas Solar Ordinary batteries Biomass Wind

4. Energy Sources There are many forms of energy that exist. These energy sources can be classified into renewable and nonrenewable. Renewable energy sources are replenished naturally over a short time. On the other hand, a nonrenewable energy source will run out of supply once consumed because they are only present in limited amounts.

5. Renewable Sources:

6. Solar:   Solar energy is the radiation from the Sun capable of producing heat, causing chemical reactions, or generating electricity. From home rooftops to utility-scale farms,  solar power  is reshaping energy markets around the world. In addition to solar panels, which convert the sun's light to electricity, concentrating solar power (CSP) plants use mirrors to concentrate the sun's heat, deriving thermal energy instead. China, Japan, and the U.S. are leading the solar transformation, but solar still has a long way to go, accounting for around two percent of the total electricity generated in the U.S. in 2017.  Solar thermal energy   is also being used worldwide for hot water, heating, and cooling.

7. Solar Cells These devices are made up of elemental silicon. Photovoltaic cells or solar cells convert sunlight into electricity. Light energy is collected over panels. The collected energy can be stored in batteries or can be directly converted to electrical energy. Solar batteries power spaceships and are used to provide electricity for weather instruments in remote areas.

8. Wind Wind farms capture the energy of wind flow by using turbines and converting it into electricity. There are several forms of systems used to  convert wind energy  and each vary Benefits Wind energy is a clean energy source, which means that it doesn’t pollute the air like other forms of energy. Wind energy doesn’t produce carbon dioxide, or release any harmful products that can cause environmental degradation or negatively affect human health like smog, acid rain, or other heat-trapping gases.

9. Hydropower:   Hydroelectric energy, also called hydroelectric power or hydroelectricity, is a form of energy that harnesses the power of water in motion—such as water flowing over a waterfall—to generate electricity For centuries, people have harnessed the energy of river currents, using dams to control water flow.   Hydropower  is the  world's biggest source of renewable energy  by far, with China, Brazil, Canada, the U.S., and Russia the leading hydropower  producers . While hydropower is theoretically a clean energy source replenished by rain and snow, it also has several drawbacks.

10. Hydropower:   The Agus VI HEP is a 200 MW hydroelectric power plant. It is the oldest among the six (6) cascading power plants. With five (5) generating units, Agus VI has proven to be a steady source of electric power in Mindanao. known as the Maria Cristina Falls Hydroelectric Plant, named after the famous scenic waterfalls just 100 meters in the background. The majestic and imposing waterfalls cascades from around 320 feet down to a sheer cliff and is a sight to behold.

11. Biomass:   Biomass energy is renewable energy from plants and animals. Plants, for instance, produce biomass energy through photosynthesis. Biomass energy is much healthier for the planet than non-renewable energy sources such as coal.

12. Biomass is renewable organic material that comes from plants and animals. Biomass was the largest source of total  annual U.S. energy consumption until the mid-1800s . Biomass continues to be an important fuel in many countries, especially for cooking and heating in developing countries. The use of biomass fuels for transportation and for electricity generation is increasing in many developed countries as a means of avoiding carbon dioxide emissions from fossil fuel use. In 2021,  biomass provided  nearly 5 quadrillion British thermal units (Btu) and about 5% of total primary energy use in the United States. Biomass contains stored chemical energy from the sun. Plants produce biomass through  photosynthesis . Biomass can be burned directly for heat or converted to renewable liquid and gaseous fuels through various processes. Biomass sources for energy include: Wood and wood processing wastes —firewood, wood pellets, and wood chips, lumber and furniture mill sawdust and waste, and  black liquor  from pulp and paper mills Agricultural crops and waste materials—corn, soybeans, sugar cane, switchgrass, woody plants, and algae, and crop and food processing residues, mostly to produce  biofuels Biogenic materials in  municipal solid waste —paper, cotton, and wool products, and food, yard, and wood wastes Animal manure and human sewage for producing  biogas/renewable natural gas

13. Geothermal: Geothermal energy  is heat that is generated within the Earth. ( Geo  means “earth,” and  thermal  means “heat” in Greek.) It is a renewable resource that can be harvested for human use. Geothermal energy is the energy harnessed from beneath the earth. Magma heats nearby rocks and underground aquifers. Hot water can be released through geysers, hot springs, steam vents, underwater hydrothermal vents, and mud pots. It is clean, sustainable, and environment-friendly. The problem with this is it can only be produced at selected sites worldwide. The largest group of geothermal power plants in the world is located at The Geysers, a geothermal field in California, United States. In the Philippines, some geothermal power plants include Makiling-Banahaw ( MakBan ) Geothermal Power Plant in Laguna, Leyte Geothermal Power Plant in Leyte, and Tiwi Geothermal Power plant in Tiwi, Albay.

14. NON-RENEWABLE RESOURCES: A. Fossil Fuels Fossil fuels are the general term used to refer to combustible products of buried organic matter which underwent partial decomposition under extreme temperature and pressure. These include coal, oil, and natural gas. The components of fossil fuels are heated and vaporized to steam which drives the turbines and generates electricity. Fossil fuel is known to pollute the environment. Its reservoir is limited and will last for 100 years.

15. B. Batteries Batteries are devices that store and convert chemical energy into electrical energy. The energy produced results from a chemical reaction; however, they do not have carbon dioxide emissions. When it is connected to an external circuit, electrolytes move within the battery, and the chemical reactions are completed at the two terminals of the battery. The movement of electrons generates the current and sends electricity to the external circuit. For households, batteries can be used to provide back- up power in case of blackouts. Batteries are not considered as major energy supply because of performance and safety issues, regulatory barriers, the resistance of utilities, and cost.

16. Quiz: Part 1 1. 2.

17. Quiz 3. 4.

18. Part 2: Have you once imagined being the President of our country? Try the activity below and let us see how well can you manage such a problem. Direction: Using the information and the template below, answer the activity. Write your response on your 1 whole sheet of paper. Topic: Demands on Energy Source Problem: Like many countries in the world, the Philippines confronts compound challenges of exponential population growth and rising energy demands. If you are the President of the country, how would you solve the problem?