Earthquakes in Tripura

This Power point presentation is about Earthquake in the North East part of India basically focusing On Tripura.

1. EARTHQUAKES A MENACE WITH SPECIAL REFERANCE TO India Department: Electrical Year: 1 ST Year (2 nd Semester) Created by: Sanjukta Banik (20UEE082) GUIDED BY: SHASHWATI SOUMYA PRADHAN

2. DISASTER MANAGEMENT DEFINATIONS AND CONCEPTS DISASTER: Disaster is an event, man-made or natural, sudden or progressive, causing widespread human, material or environmental losses which exceed the ability of the effected area to cope using its own resources. FLOODS: A flood occurs when water flows or rises above and beyond its normal level or course in a river. CYCLONES: It is a swirling atmospheric disturbance, accompanied by powerful winds , which occurs in the hot oceans of temperate and tropical latitudes. EARTHQUAKES: T he shaking of the surface of the Earth resulting from a sudden release of energy in the Earth's lithosphere that creates seismic waves. “ IT TAKES AN EARTHQUAKE TO REMIND US THAT WE ARE WALKING ON THE SURFACE OF AN UNFINISHED PLANET.”

3. What is EARTHQUAKE?? An Earthquake is the result of a sudden release of energy in the earth’s crust that creates seismic wave. The seismic activity of an earthquake refers to the frequency, type and size of earthquakes experienced over a period of time. Intensity of earthquake is determined from effects on people, human structures and the natural environment. Major earthquakes can be preceded by foreshocks and followed by aftershocks. Energy release → Vibrations → Earthquakes

4. Terms Related to Earthquake Focus(Hypocenter): The hypocenter is the point within the earth where an earthquake rupture starts. Epicenter: The point on the Earth’s surface vertically above the focus of an earthquake that is directly above the true center of the seismic disturbance. Fault line: A fault line is the surface trace of a fault, the line of intersection between the earth’s surface. Fault plane: The flat surface along which two blocks of the earth’s crust suddenly slip past one another during an earthquake. Fault Scrap: A fault scrap is the topographic expression of faulting attributed to the displacement of the land surface by movement along faults. This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA-NC

5. Causes of Earthquake Most earthquakes are caused by movement of the Earth’s tectonic plates. Earthquakes are caused mostly by rupture of geological faults, but also by other events such as volcanic activity, landslides. Violent Volcanic eruptions may cause earthquakes. If meteorite strikes the earth. When rocks cannot withstand the stress any longer, they creak or shift and energy is released. Open cast mining(quarry) causes earthquakes through re-bounding. “PEOPLE ARE NOT JUST KILLED BY EARTHQUAKE ALONE, BUT BY COLLAPSED BUILDING.”

6. SEISMIC ZONES OF INDIA SEISMIC ZONES INTENSITY ON M.M SCALE Zone-II( Low-Intensity Zone) 6(or less) Zone-III(Moderate Intensity Zone) 7 Zone-IV( Severe Intensity Zone) 8 Zone-V(Very-Severe Intensity Zone) 9 or above

7. PLACES IN THE ZONES Zone V : The region of Kashmir, the western and central Himalayas, North and Middle Bihar, the North-East region and the Rann of Kutch Zone IV : Indo-Gangetic Basin and Delhi, Jammu and Kashmir,parts of Gujarat. In Mumbai, the Patan area( Koyananagar ), In Bihar, the northern part of the state like Raksaul , Near the border of India and Nepal Zone III : The Andaman and Nicobar Islands, parts of Kashmir, Western Himalayas, Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, West Bengal, Karnataka. Zone II : Covers remaining parts of the country.

8. WHEN THE EARTH SHOOK : More than 13,000 people were killed, at least 15 lakh injured, 3.4 lakh buildings damaged, and about 7.8 lakh houses destroyed in the Gujarat earthquake on 26th January 2001. This earthquake with its epicenter at Bhuj occurred along a fault in the east-west direction. The stress that caused this earthquake was due to the Indian plate pushing northward in the Eurasian plate .The earthquake measured 7.7 in the Richter scale. The earthquake destroyed around 40% of homes, eight schools, two hospitals and 4km of road in Bhuj, and partly destroyed the city’s historic Swaminarayan temple and historic forts, Prag Mahal and Aina Mahal . In Ahmedabad, approximately 7 million, as many as 50 multi- storey buildings collapsed and several hundred people died.

9. NORTH EAST IN RED ZONE The 1950 Assam- Tibet earthquake, also known as the Assam earthquake, occurred on 15 th August and had a magnitude of 8.6. The epicenter was located in the Mishmi Hills, south of the Kangri Garpo and just east of the Himalayas in the NEFA part of Assam, India. The earthquake was destructive in both Assam and Tibet, and approximately 4,800 people were killed. In addition to the extreme shaking, there were floods where when the rivers rose high after the earthquake bringing sand, mud, trees etc. After the 2001 Bhuj Earthquake, it was calculated that 70% of the Himalayas could experience an extreme powerful earthquake. In 2015, the Himalayas were hit by a 7.8 magnitude earthquake with an epicenter in the further east of Nepal.

10. DISASTER IN TRIPURA AT A GLANCE ● Earthquake – High ● Landslide – Low ● Cyclone – Moderate ● Hail Storm – Moderate ● Flood – Moderate A magnitude 5.7 earthquake struck India 20 km (12 m) east north-east of Ambasaa in the state of Tripura on 3 rd January 2017 with a maximum observed intensity of 6-7 EMS. At least 50 houses were damaged due to landslides that occurred in Dhalai district, while roads were blocked after trees were uprooted. At least 6,727 buildings were damaged in Tripura in the districts of Dhalai and Unakoti . Shaking was felt in many parts of north-eastern India including as far as Kolkata. The tremor was also felt in neighboring Bangladesh, where two people died and three others were injured The earthquake caused Iiquefaction on the banks of the Manu river in Tripura and along the Dhalai river in adjacent parts of Bangladesh, in particular in the Kamalganj area.

11. REMEMBER

12. TO DO’S AFTER THE TREMOR SUBSIDE At first we should check for injuries and then treat ourself first. Then help others. Expect aftershocks If smell gas, turn that off. Extinguish small fires. Inspect home for damage Tune to Emergency Alert Systems(EAS)

13. THANK YOU… AND DON’T FORGET TO DROP, COVER, HOLD ON. “SHAKE OUT, DON’T FREAK OUT” (SAVE YOURSELF DURING EARTHQUAKE)