ECG ppt NEW.pptx ECG ppt NEW.pptx ECG ppt NEW.pptx

ECG ppt NEW.pptx

1. DEMONSTRATION ON ECG TAKING PRESENTED BY- SUBHRA TRIPATHY M.SC NURSING 1ST YEAR TATA MEDICAL CENTER

2. An Electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG) is a medical test used to measure the electrical activity of the heart . It is a non-invasive procedure that provides critical information about heart rhythm, electrical conduction, and potential cardiac abnormalities. Willem Einthoven first invented it in 1902.

3. DEFINITION- Electrocardiography is the process of producing an electrocardiogram, a recording of the heart's electrical activity through repeated cardiac cycles. It is an electrogram of the heart which is a graph of voltage versus time of the electrical activity of the heart using electrodes placed on the skin . OBJECTIVES - To Understand the basic principles of ECG. To learn about electrode placement and the lead system. To Identify normal and abnormal ECG waveforms. To Recognize common ECG abnormalities.

4. SA Node (Sinoatrial Node) → 60–100 BPM → P wave (Atrial Depolarization) ⬇ AV Node (Atrioventricular Node) → 40–60 BPM → PR Interval (Delay before Ventricles Contract) ⬇ Bundle of His → 20–40 BPM → PR Segment (Impulse Travels to Ventricles) ⬇ Right & Left Bundle Branches → N/A → Beginning of QRS Complex (Ventricular Depolarization Begins) ⬇ Purkinje Fibers → 20–40 BPM → QRS Complex (Ventricular Depolarization & Contraction) ⬇ T wave (Ventricular Repolarization – Resetting for Next Beat) CONDUCTION SYSTEM OF HEART

5. The heart generates electrical impulses that spread through the myocardium. These impulses cause depolarization and repolarization, leading to contraction and relaxation. Electrodes placed on the skin detect these electrical changes and transmit them to the ECG machine. The recorded electrical activity is displayed as waveforms, which help analyze heart function. Proper lead placement is essential for accurate readings and diagnosis. BASICS PRINCIPLES OF ECG

6. INDICATIONS palpitation, dizziness, cyanosis, chest pain, syncope, seizure, and poisoning Monitors heart function in various medical conditions. routine checkups, emergency care, and ICU monitoring. To evaluate the adverse effect of cardio toxic chemotherapy. Symptoms or signs associated with heart disease include tachycardia, bradycardia, and clinical conditions including hypothermia, murmur, shock, hypotension, and hypertension To identify many changes in cardiac function due to chemotherapy. To monitor the pharmacotherapeutic effects and adverse effects of drug therapy Perioperative anaesthesia monitoring, such as preoperative assessment and intraoperative and postoperative monitoring Cardiopulmonary resuscitation To detect myocardial injury, ischemia, and the presence of prior infarction

7. CONTRAINDICATIONS There are no absolute contraindications for an electrocardiogram. The relative contraindications to its use include: Allergy to the adhesive used to affix the leads

8. PROCEDURE

9. LEAD PLACEMENT

10. ✅ Dos: ❌ Don'ts: Explain the procedure to the patient. Ensure proper skin preparation (clean, dry, hair-free). Check equipment and electrode placement. Keep the patient relaxed and still. Verify clear ECG tracings before recording. Don’t place electrodes incorrectly. Don’t allow patient movement during recording. Do not place the electrodes over areas where there is a lot of muscle movement. Do not place the electrodes over bones. Don’t ignore poor electrode contact. Don’t rush the procedure. Don’t use faulty or outdated equipment.

11. INTERPRETATION OF PQRST COMPLEX

12. 1 Small box- 0.04 secs 1 large box- 0.20 secs ECG INTERPRETATION

13. NORMAL SINUS RHYTHM It's characterized by- regular R-R intervals, a normal P wave, and a QRS complex that follows each P wave. 

14. Calculate heart rate from above ECG graph Ans- no of large box between R-R interval= 2 approx Heart rate = 300/2= 150 beats/min Sinus tachycardia

15. Calculate heart rate from above ECG graph. Ans- no of large box between R-R interval= 6 Heart rate = 300/6= 50 beats/min Sinus bradycardia

16. CONCLUSION- A well-conducted ECG demonstration enhances understanding of heart function and electrical activity. It is an essential diagnostic tool for assessing heart health. Understanding its principles, indications, and interpretation allows for early detection of cardiac disorders, improving patient outcomes. Proper lead placement and analysis of waveforms are critical for accurate diagnosis and management of heart conditions.