Echosounder

brief presentation of the working of an echo sounder in ships and marine vessels,and design considerations

1. ECHO SOUNDER JOEL JACOB 21 SIROSH PRAKASH 40

2. OBJECTIVE

3. TABLE OF CONTENTS What is echo sounder working of echo sounder Components Transducer and placement Recorder bibliography

4. What is an echo sounder Device used to measure depth of water short pulse sound energy transmitted vertically down Time taken for it to echo back is used to determine depth Time taken (t ) = (2 x d) / v  or d =(v x t)/2 Factors affecting echo sounder : Temp of water , pressure ,salinity

5. WORKING OF ECHO SOUNDER (Marinegyaan .com)

6. Recorder sends pulse to pulse generator, it creates electrical pulses (frequency vary)( 5-600 hz ) Through transmitter pulses passed on to the transducer which convert electrical to sound pulses. These pulses travel to the bottom of the sea and are reflected back to the transducer Transducer converts sound energy back to electrical and sends it to receiver It is received ,amplified and sent to recorder The recorder records the obtained data

7. TRANDUCER Works on magnetostriction effect, to produce pulses it Change length when placed in magnetic field Placed in an AC field, causes vibrations, sound pulses created (Marinegyaan .com)

8. Placement of transducer Must be away from noises and vibrations(aft) Bow waves, aeration & bubbles , turbulence causes Placed 1/4 th L from aft Echo sounders( ipad ).mp4 (Marinegyaan .com)

9. RECORDER It records data obtained from the transducer IMO regulations require that hard copied of recordings to be kept on board Thus stylus and paper usually used (Meted.ucar.edu) (California digital library)

10. ERRORS Change in velocity of sound due to salinity changes of seas Bubbles and aeration causes errors Multiple echoes in shallow waters Pythagoras error and slanted distance (cram.com) (Seafloor.otterlabs.org)

11. CONCLUSION Definition and uses of echo sounder Its working and components The errors associated with its calculations

12. BIBLIOGRAPHY marinegyaan.com YouTube