Eclectic approach

An account of all the aspects of Eclectic Approach of Teaching second language learning.

1. Eclectic For Teaching Second language Presented to: Dr.Muhammad Ahsan Presented By: Iqra Tehreem (Roll # 07) Maria Wazir (Roll # 08) Asma Saif Ullah (Roll # 09) Arooj Riaz (Roll # 10) Zara Naseer (Roll # 11) (M-Phil Linguistics) Department of English, Ghazi University

2. Origin: • Late 17th century. • Derived from Greek ἐκλεκτικός ( eklektikos ), literally "choosing the best", a nd that from ἐκλεκτός ( eklektos ), "picked out, select ".

3. Introduction: Eclectic approach is a method of language education that combines various approaches and methodologies to teach language depending on the aims of the lesson and the abilities of the learners. A main proponent of Eclectic Approach is Rivers(1981).According to him, According to him an eclectic approach allows the language teachers to absorb the best techniques of all the well known language teaching methods in their classr ooms procedures using then for the purposes for which they are most appropriate.

4. Definitions: According to Suparman (2017),eclectic approach combines different methods and approaches to teach language depending on the aims of the lessons and the abilities of the learners. ..According to Weidman (2001:2), “The Eclectic Approach has been widely accepted in English classrooms that many good teachers today use it proudly as a tag to describe to their teaching, wearing it almost like a badge of honour”. Kumar (2013) supports the Eclectic Approach and declares, “The purpose of advocating eclectic method is to connect life experiences to the ideas presented in learning of the language. The types of learning activities teachers select are often directly related to their experiences in the real world.” Brown (2002) argues that eclecticism provides the solution because the approach allows the teacher to select what works within their own dynamic contexts.

5. Characteristics: Kumar(2013), the feature of eclectic approach is to connect life experiences to the ideas presented in the learning of the language Eclectic approach is innovative and enjoyable It enhance learners participation and interaction. It makes English teaching practical . Enables teachers to attain objectives of learning easily. Enables learners to speak frequently . S olves problems of language teachers and language learners . T his method include multiple tasks . This approach gives equal importance to the four skill i.e. Speaking, Listening, reading and writing . S aves time and effort.

6. Methods: Methods Used in Eclectic Approach : Grammar-Translation Method. The Direct Method

7. The Audiolingual Method The Communicative Language Teaching The Silent Way

8. Merits of Eclectic Approach: Brown (2002) states that the eclectic approach is important because it gives the teacher freedom to choose what is appropriate in their own dynamic teaching contexts. Kumar (2013) mentions the following advantages: 1- It is easier for learners to understand the language of the text in its cultural context . 2- It blends listening, speaking, reading and writing. 3- Helps teacher to teach effectively by drawing on the strength of various methods and avoiding their weaknesses . 4- Learning is easy due to the use of realistic situations in the classroom . 5- Teaching learning process has become easier and rewarding.

9. 6- It creates a good learning environment in which the student- student relationship is improved. 7- Teaching of English language is made easy by creating realistic situation in the classroom through eclectic approach. 8- The eclectic approach has the potential of keeping language teachers open to alternatives. 9- It recommends that any method or approach can be used based on the level of students. 10- A main proponent of the eclectic approach is Rivers (1981) According to him; an eclectic approach allows language teachers to absorb the best techniques of all the well known language teaching methods into their classroom procedures, using them for the purposes for which they are most appropriate.

10. De-Merits Of Eclectic Approach: Weidemann (2001) notes the following disadvantages of the eclectic approach : 1- It cuts teachers off from a reconsideration of their professional practices . 2- This approach is criticized severely 3- Difficult for teachers to select the appropriate aspect for a specific session and it generates some uncertainty in teachers . 4- Adopting the eclectic approach can be unsafe as a teacher may fall victim of the methodological baggage that comes with it.

11. 5- Mixing all manner of methods and approaches may result in gathering in one‘s teaching arsenal; but using such a mixed bag can lead to all kinds of conflicts . 6- If an innovative technique is used only occasionally, and mixed in with other (potentially contradictory ones), the effect of the new is diluted. 6- It is not useful for slow learners . 7- Only well trained teachers can become an eclectic,

12. Role of Teacher in Eclectic Approach of Teaching The teacher’s role is that of a coach and facilitator This approach emphasizes a variety of different types of methods that shifts the role of the instructors from givers of information to facilitating student learning. The primary goals of a teacher in interaction with the students are: facilitation of the student’s solving their problem. promoting an environment of inquiry collaboration through the modeling of questioning and listening skills.

13. Active learning also gives the teacher time to perform the helping teacher functions of coach, listener and advocate. Wudu (2006 ).

14. An Eclectic Teacher needs to be, imaginative, energetic and willing to experiment for the purpose of keeping lessons varied and interesting.

15. Role of a Learner in Eclectic approach: According to Stephen Krashen’s Theory of Second Language, acquisition (1988) the best method of 2 nd language teaching and learning are therefore those that supply comprehensive input in low anxiety situations, containing messages that learners really want to learn.. Eclectic method showed that it influences learning in class . EM makes learners to be alert, develop listening skills and become active in class. It also influences learner’s concentration and interests that will allow class discussion.

16. These findings confirms Krashens input hypothesis as Eclectic approach provides different methods and techniques of teaching . In Eclectic approach often the students are doing a variety of different things simultaneously. Meanwhile, the teacher is actively moving around to support the students as they work.

17. A study on Learner centered method carried out in Ethopia proved that Eclectic approach gives chance to students to : Help eachother by sharing ideas To perform practical skills be active participants and be creative independently

18. Conclusion: We can conclude from the above facts that Eclectic approach of second language learning is highly learner’s centered approach in which the teacher plays the role of a guide, instructor or facilitator and the active participants are the learners.