Ecology of community

# Introduction #concept of community # types of community #The characteristics of a communities# Elements of communities # Community Roles - Ecological Habitats & Niches,food chains & food webs,Trophic Pattern. # Conclusion # Reference.

1. SANT GAHIRA GURU VISHWAVIDYALAYA
SARGUJA AMBIKAPUR C. G.
UNIVERSITY TEACHING DEPARTMENT
DEPARTMENT OF FARM FORESTRY
COURSE TITLE –PLANT TAXONOMY & FOREST ECOLOGY
COURSE TYPE –CCC
PRESENTATION ON –Ecology of Community
PRESENTED BY
GaneshKumar Bhagat
M. Sc.-1
st
SEM.
ENROLLMENT NO. –SGG20029815
DEPARTMENT OF FARM FORESTRY

2. Introduction
Concept of Community
Types of Communities
The characteristics of a communities
Elements Of Communities
Community Roles
Ecological Habitats & Niches
TrophicPattern
Food Chains & Food Webs
Conclusion
Reference

4. COMMUNITY :-It is the place where populations interact.
Can considered from two viewpoints
Autecology
•each organism is a member of a
community
Synecology
•group of organisms in a particular
area

5. Kendeigh(1974) divided the biotic community into two
types
Major communities
Minor communities

6. It is a large, self-sustaining and independent unit
Eg:-coral reefs, rocky community, mangroves etc.
Minor community
It is smaller, not self-sustaining and dependent on other
communities for growth and survival but it is found in major
community
Example -Barnacles, Oysters, Algae, Polychaetespresent
rocky shores.

7. Each biotic community exhibits a number of
characteristics,suchas diversity, density,
dominance composition and stratification.
1)Species Diversity
2)Growth & Structure
3) Dominance
4) Successions
5) Trophiclevels

8. A biotic community has producer,consumer
& decomposer. Within these species
diversities,somepopulations influenced
more than others in the community because
the share a higher % of energy flow.

10. Community is usually described in term of
growth forms.
Structure , depending on the amount
of water availability, plant communities
may be hydrophytic(aquatic habitats),
mesophytic(moderately moist soil
habitat) and xerophytic(dry or arid
habitat).

11. In each community, one or a few species
dominate either in numbers or in physical
characteristics or both over the other
species. The dominant species are called
'Ecological dominants .

12. Succession is very important in
development of community.
Community develops as a result of
directional change in it with time.

14. There are 3 broad trophiclevels in a community which are
Producers, Consumers & Decomposers. The food produced by
the green plants is consumed directly or indirectly by all kinds of
animals. So these are known as Consumers.
The dead bodies & excreta of both producers & consumers are
decomposed by microbes into simple substances, these are called
the Decomposers of the community.

15. The pyramid structure of communities
https://study.com/academy/lesson/what-is-an-energy-pyramid-definition-
examples.html

16. Primary Producers –Plants & algae that make
food through photo synthesis.
Herbivores –Feed on primary producers
Carnivores (predators) –Feed on herbivores.
Omnivores –Feed on plants & animals

17. Trophicpyramids and the flow of energy
Autotrophsand heterotrophs
https://www.google.co.in/search?q=eco+piramid+tropic+level&tbm=isch&ved=2ahUKEwiF3-6v9IzwAhXIHnIKHTuMC-gQ2-
cCegQIABAA&oq=eco+piramid+tropic+level&gs_lcp=CgNpbWcQAzoECCMQJzoECAAQQzoCCAA6BQgAELEDOggIABCxAxCDAToECAA
QAjoECAAQHjoECAAQEzoGCAAQCBAeOgYIABAFEB5QrJwPWJbaEGD34hBoBXAAeACAAaICiAHwLJIBBzAuMTkuMTCYAQCgAQGqAQ
tnd3Mtd2l6LWltZ8ABAQ&sclient=img&ei=f9R-YMWjM8i9yAO7mK7ADg&bih=600&biw=1366&safe=active#imgrc=NJwGpObXjW9YgM

18. Producers
•Organisms that make their own energy (food).
•a:-Use the process of photosynthesis.
•b :-Oxygen is a by-product (waste material).
Consumers
•Organisms that can’t make their own food.
•Must eat producers or other consumers for energy.
Decomposers
•Organisms that feed on dead plants and animals.

19. Habitat
•The place where an organism lives and that provides food, shelter,
moisture, and temperature needed for survival.
•Examples: a. Swamp b. Field c. Lake d. Tree Where an organism lives.
Niche
•Role of an organism in the ecosystem, including unique ways an organism
survives, such as: how it interacts with other organisms, how it obtains food
and shelter, and avoids danger.
•Examples: a. Anteaters keep the ant population.
•b. Bacteria eats dead animals assisting in decomposition. And keeping
them from piling up, while adding nitrogen to the soil Role an organism
plays

20. ENERGY FLOWS
ENERGY TRANSFER
FOOD WEB
FOOD CHAIN

21. Three Classifications of Consumers
Herbivores
•plant-eaters
Carnivores
•animal-eaters
Omnivores
•plant and animal eaters

22. •Food Chains are basic
representation of energy
transfer from producers to
consumers.
Food
Chains
•Food Webs demonstrate
how the organisms are
interconnected in a more
complex, realistic way.
Food
Webs

23. https://www.google.co.in/search?q=food+chains+and+food+webs&safe=active&sxsrf=ALeKk02knjD
7j5bhDOzbcTY6AbUChjy-
PA:1618924616121&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwieyKWV9IzwAhVGxDgGHfc_BIUQ
_AUoAnoECAEQBA&biw=1366&bih=600#imgrc=GWNhbXjnZOJlCM

24. Community ecologyor synecologyis the study of the
interactions between species incommunitieson
many spatial and temporal scales, including the
distribution, structure, abundance, demography, and
interactions between coexisting populations.

25. https://biologydictionary.net/community/
https://www.slideshare.net/vidhyakalaivani29/c
ommunity-ecology-72008893

26. Thank
You