Economics_Chapter 1_Development.pptx class 10

Economics_Chapter 1_Development.pptx

1. CHAPTER 1 DEVELOPMENT

2. LEARNING OBJECTIVES Explain the traditional notion of development, national income and per capita income Discuss about the income and other goals Analyze the national development in a vision of income and other criteria Analyzing the public facilities, human development report Evaluate the need for health and educational development, human development indicators

3. What is the difference between growth and development?

4. Difference between growth and development GROWTH DEVELOPMENT Refer to changes over a period of time Refer to changes over a period of time It is quantitative It is qualitative It may have positive or negative sign It only has positive sign Eg : No of people (population) in a region. Eg : Facilities provided over a period of time which indicates increment or addition.

5. DEVELOPMENTAL GOALS CATEGORY OF PERSON DEVELOPMENTAL GOALS/ ASPIRATIONS Landless rural labourers More days of work and better wages; local school is able to provide quality education for their children; no social discrimination; can become leaders in the village. Prosperous farmers from Punjab Assured a high family income through higher support prices for their crops and through hardworking and cheap labourers ; they should be able to settle their children abroad. A girl from a rich urban family She gets as much freedom as her brother and is able to decide what she wants to do in life. She is able to pursue her studies abroad. As given in textbook

6. Farmers who depend only on rain for growing crops Artificial irrigation technologies, better seeds and more water from canals. A rural woman from a land owning family Opportunities to work, higher education Urban unemployed youth Better employment opportunities A boy from a rich urban family Opportunities to study abroad, better jobs, purchase latest gadgets An Adivasi from Narmada valley Rights to the products of the forest, rights to their native lands, opportunities to preserve their culture.

7. Do you think that all the people have same notion of development? Your views…

8. CONCLUSIONS REGARDING DEVELOPMENTAL GOALS People seek things which are most important to them (which can fulfil their aspirations or desires) There can be conflict between 2 persons or 2 groups. Eg : industrialists want more dams for more electricity but this plan may submerge the land and disrupt the lives of people who are displaced – such as tribals.

9. MORAL OF THE ACTIVITIES Development for one may not be development for the other. It may even be destructive for the others . Different persons can have different developmental goals.

10. Q 1. What is development ? 1. The idea of development or progress has always been with us. 2. We aspire or desires about what we would like to do and how we would like to live. 3. It is only through a democratic political process that these hopes and possibilities can be achieved in real life. 4. Different persons can have different developmental goals 5. Development for one may not be development for the other. It may even be destructive for the others

11. INCOME AND OTHER GOALS

12. People want Regular work More income Better/Increasing

13. Equal treatment Freedom Security Respect of others People seek

14. INCOME AND OTHER GOALS Material things can be bought by money . Quality of life depends on non-material things discussed before. There are many things which cannot be measured but they mean a lot to our lives.

15. INCOME AND OTHER GOALS For development, people look at a mix of goals . If women are engaged in paid work , their dignity in household and society increases . If there is respect for women , there would be more sharing of housework and a greater acceptance of women working outside. A safe and secure environment may allow more women to take up a variety of jobs or run a business.

16. After seeing these pictures, what comes to your mind? Are these parameters necessary for the development of a country? Your views. NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT

17. ? Q2.What is meant by national development?

18. NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT It is very important to keep in mind that different persons could have different as well as conflicting notions of a country’s development. National development means thinking from different aspects which lead to the overall development .

19. On what basis can we compare the students in the class? Can I use the same criteria for selecting a sports team or debate team or singing team?

20. COMPARING COUNTRIES

21. Countries with higher income are more developed because more things can be purchased to satisfy human needs.

22. Ideally speaking, The income of the country = the income of all the residents (people) If we consider this, which countries will have high income? Is it logical?

23. PER CAPITA INCOME Total income is not such an useful measure. Comparing total income will not tell us what an average person is likely to earn. Average income = total income of the country total population Average income is known as ‘PER CAPITA INCOME’

24. Q3 .In the world development reports, brought out by the world bank how countries are classified? CRITERIA BY WORLD BANK – Average income US$ 12,056 per annum and above = Rich countries US$ 955 per annum or less = Poor countries India = low middle income , Why? Because its per capita income was US$ 1820 per annum.

25. DISADVANTAGE OF AVERAGE INCOME Average income is useful for comparing all the countries of the world but It does not tell us how this income is distributed among people Eg : In India

26. SOME KEY TERMS Identify the terms from the pictures.

27. IMR LR NAR Infant Mortality Rate Literacy Rate Net Attendance Ratio

28. KEY TERMS Infant Mortality Rate (IMR) = No of children that die before the age of one year in a year/ 1000 live children born in that particular year Literacy Rate: the ability of a person aged 7 years and above to read, write, perform basic arithmetic calculations with understanding. Net Attendance Ratio: total number of children of age group 14 and 15 years attending school X 100/ total number of children in the same age group.

29. PUBLIC FACILITIES

30. PUBLIC FACILITIES Money cannot buy all the goods and services that you may need to live well. Money cannot buy a pollution-free environment or to get unadulterated medicines, or it may not be able to protect you from infectious diseases, etc. Sometimes, the best way (cheapest way) is to provide these goods and services collectively. Eg: Govt schools and colleges, PDS, etc. Q4 “Money cannot buy all the goods and services that one needs to live well”. Explain .

31. BODY MASS INDEX [BMI]

32. HOMEWORK Age Weight (kg) Height (cm) BMI 15 years 5 months 90 150 35 years 8 months 75 172 47 years 10 months 123 161 58 years 147 32

33. Mahbub- ul - Haq Economists Prof. Amartya Sen

34. Life expectancy at birth denotes average expected length of life of a person at the time of birth. Per capita income is calculated in dollars for comparison . The value of HDI ranges from ‘0’ to ‘1’

35. HDI DOES NOT INCLUDE Poverty rate Housing Sex ratio Happiness index Threat of war Levels of pollution Access to clean drinking water

36. HOMEWORK [Mark in Textbook]

37. THANK YOU..