ED SKILLS N TRAITS eNGINEERING gcek.pptx

Definition: Expandable Polystyrene (EPS) is a lightweight, rigid, and plastic foam material derived from solid beads of polystyrene.

Common Name: Often referred to as Styrofoam, though this is a trademark of the Dow Chemical Company.

Composition: Made from styrene, a petroleum-based compound, EPS is formed by polymerizing styrene monomers.

Physical Characteristics: EPS consists of 95% air, making it extremely lightweight, yet structurally stable.

Appearance: It has a white, foam-like texture and is available in various shapes and sizes.

Thermal Insulator: EPS is known for its excellent thermal insulation properties.

Widespread Use: It is commonly used in packaging, construction materials, and disposable consumer products.

Environmental Concern: EPS is non-biodegradable and presents challenges in waste management and recycling.


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COMPOSITION OF Expandable Polystyrene (EPS)
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Composition of Expandable Polystyrene (EPS) - Pointwise
Primary Component: Polystyrene

EPS is primarily composed of polystyrene, a synthetic aromatic hydrocarbon polymer made from the monomer styrene.
Styrene Monomers:

Styrene is a liquid hydrocarbon that is commercially derived from petroleum. It forms the building blocks of polystyrene through polymerization.
Pentane Gas:

Blowing Agent: Pentane is incorporated into the polystyrene beads during production. It acts as a blowing agent, enabling the beads to expand when exposed to heat.
Role in Expansion: Upon heating, pentane vaporizes, causing the beads to expand and form a foam structure.
Polystyrene Beads:

Pre-Expanded Beads: Initially small, the polystyrene beads contain both polystyrene and pentane. These beads expand up to 50 times their original volume during processing.
Air:

Cellular Structure: After expansion, the majority of the volume of EPS consists of trapped air, accounting for approximately 95% of the final material's volume.
Additives (Optional):

Flame Retardants: Sometimes added to enhance the fire resistance of EPS.
Colorants: May be added to give EPS a specific color, although it is typically white.
Moisture Resistance:

The cellular structure of EPS contributes to its low water absorption rate, making it resistant to moisture.

1. SKILLS & TRAITS IN ENTREPRENEURS Dr Subidita Pattanaik

2. TRAITS IN ENTREPRENEURS Motivation: Hard-working business owners are incredibly motivated to succeed Creativity: No matter what industry you’re in, employers want workers with out-of-the-box ideas Persuasiveness: Persuasiveness can make you a better negotiator, which gives you an edge Vision: Successful entrepreneurs always keep one eye on the big picture

3. TRAITS IN ENTREPRENEURS Versatility: ability to adapt to changes in the workforce Risk tolerance: efficiently handling adverse situations Money management Planning Market understanding

4. skills HUMAN SKILL / COMMUNICATION SKILL TECHNICAL SKILL DECISION MAKING / PROBLEM SOLVING SKILL BASIC BUSINESS SKILL

5. ENTREPRENEURIAL PERSONALITY PASSION OPTIMISM CREATIVE / INNOVATOR RISK TAKERS MOTIVATION COURAGEOUS OPPORTUNISTIC QUALITY OF ACCEPTANCE( FEEDBACK & MISTAKES)

6. Entrepreneurial Motivation and Achievement Motive refers to drive and motivation means drive to achieve a goal Motivation refers to the way in which urges, drives, desires, aspirations, and strivings or needs direct, control or explain the behaviour of human beings

7. Characteristics of Motivation  Motivation is internal feeling of a person. Motivation is a continuous process. Motivation varies with person and time. Motivation may be positive or negative.

8. MOTIVATIONAL FACTORS Motivational factors involve the inner urge within an individual. Due to such an urge an individual is motivated to do something new, unique and perform better than others.  A desire for applying innovative thoughts A desire for independent functioning A desire for financial independence A desire to achieve personal goals

9. Important guidelines for motivation 1.  The enterprise must consider human resources as the most valuable resource from among all the resources and give them respectable and honorable treatments. 2.  Good quality working conditions should be maintained at the enterprise / factory place 3.  Safety and health should receive topmost priority. 4.  Adequate and fair salary structure should be provided to employees so as to maintain good standard of living. 5.  Job security and enough opportunities to rise ahead in their careers should be given to employees. 6.  Superiors should praise the subordinates when they deserve it.

10. Important guidelines for motivation 7.  Adequate tools and equipments should be provided to employees so as to perform their task effectively. 8.  Proper feedback system should be implemented so that subordinates can come to know about their strengths and weaknesses. 9.  The employees should be provided with opportunities to show their skills and creative instincts in work performance through giving them more freedom, encouraging their participation, implementing management by objectives and latest management concepts. 10.  Principles of natural justice should be followed in handling grievances of employees. Full freedom should be provided to employees to express their problem. 11.  Adequate training should be provided to the employees to develop skills and creative abilities of the employees.

11. Need for Achievement Entrepreneurs realize that they should engage in activities or tasks where they must share a high degree of individual responsibility for outcomes. Hence, they need individual skill and effort to design plans that have moderate or less than moderate risk. In a nutshell, these individuals know how to deal with situations in which they can achieve results through their efforts. They also know that by effective utility of available resources helps them to achieve difficult goals through a timely and transparent feedback mechanism.