Edo Period

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1. Edo Period
Japan is not only a major economic power, it is one of the most economically developed countries in
the world. Japan's economic development begun between the 12th and 17th century, in a period of
time that the Japanese refer to as the Edo period. Although specific economic structures didn't exist
at the time, the conditions, both socially and politically, set the Japanese up for a later successful
industrialization and modernization. During the Edo period, the ruling government was known as
the bakufu. The bakufu had absolute political power over smaller, local governments, however, they
lacked a consistent economic stance. Therefore, the local governments, known as the han, were
allowed to decide how their people would be taxed, and how administration would work, along with
education, industrialization, and issuing paper currency as long as it was not directly prohibited by
the bakufu. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Many peasants worked on farmlands, from which they were usually taxed rice, and although they
were not officially allowed to leave, many relocated to avoid high tax burdens. Agricultural
expansions led to various rebellious acts from farmers who were unhappy with taxes, government
officials, and inflation. The government at the time received funds from the rice tax, a monopoly on
mining, foreign trade, and financial contributions from merchants seeking monopoly and cartel
rights. Due to an increasing economy and the demand of resources from merchants, the government
had to resort to printing a financial currency, which leads to inflation, increase taxes and cut
spending. Towards the end of the Edo period, the bakufu monopolized foreign trade, rendering it
impossible for any Japanese to leave Japan and gain knowledge or trade with other countries. After
much disagreement, the Japanese government decided to reopen trade with diplomatic countries
such as the United States, and the bakufu government was removed from
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3. Analysis Of Tinios: The Four Print Groups
Tinios mainly focuses on a Japanese print artist, Kunisada. One of the last great ukiyo–e print
masters in the Edo period. The four print groups, how some prints are made, and censorship are
some main points Tinios points out. The four Japanese prints groups are; actor prints, beauties,
landscape, and warrior prints. However, Tinios does briefly cover color woodblock prints, as well.
The first group is largely discussed while the others are talked about as more of a side note to, in my
option, show Kunisada's talent. Kunisada was able to supervise students in his studio to do most of
the work in making prints. Kunisada would create the figures and leave the backgrounds for
someone who worked for him to finished. This also leads us to Kunisada's
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5. How Did the Tokugawa Period Contribute to the Economical...
How did the Tokugawa Period contribute to the economical and political success of Modern Japan?
Introduction:
Important aspects of the Tokugawa period led to the development of Early Modern Japan. The
Tokugawa Shogunate's evolving economic and political structure became the foundation for the
political economy of the rapid modernisation of Japan, which was to follow after.
Tokugawa Leyasu, the great Shogun
This period between 1603 (when Tokugawa Leyasu became the great "Shogun" of the Tokugawa
Shogunate) and 1867 (when Tokugawa Yoshinobu formally returned political authority to the
emperor) is also called the Edo Period. Edo is the former name for what is now Tokyo. This period
was named after Edo castle, where the emperor ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The Ronin class had no political power and they depended on others for their economic needs.
Peasants c. 1670
Ninety per cent of the Japan's population was made up of the Peasant class. They worked as farmers
in the agricultural estates of the Daimyos and kept a part of the whole production that come up. In
that way, they met their personal needs.
Artisans c. 1800s
The Artisans crafted various art items, cooking pots, farm tools, weapons and utensils, non–essential
goods and therefore were near the bottom of the ranking.
Highly respected for their innovative art and craft designs, they marketed their designs all over
Japan to make their living. The Samurai and Daimyo did not produce any goods, they used tax
surpluses to fuel their consumption. Artisans moved around the castles to meet their needs.
Merchants c. 1800s
The Merchants who made up as much as 10% of the population by 1800 lived in large towns and
cities. They traded local and regional goods. Merchants grew increasingly powerful during that
period. They were on the bottom of the social order because they produced wealth without
producing any goods.
What were the Tokugawa Shogun's intentions by implementing such a feudal system?

6. The implementation of the "Four Class system" was meant to support the military needs of the
ruling Tokugawa House and its allies.
It seemingly left no room for social mobility, economic development or intellectual freedom. It was
meant
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8. Infamy V. Perry's Change In Japan
Japan, as known today, is a world powerhouse in technology and innovation. It currently ranks third
in GDP, bringing in over $4.9 trillion dollars per year. However, this has not always been the case.
Japan is well known for its period of "Sakoku," a Japanese word literally meaning "closed country."
From 1600–1850s, that is indeed what Japan was; Japanese citizens were not allowed to leave the
country and no foreigners were allowed to enter. The country was completely isolated from the rest
of the world, even in regards to trade. This was changed in 1854 by Commander Matthew Perry and
his Navy squadron. With the Kanagawa Treaty, Perry ended Japan's period of isolationism and
pushed them into their future as a world power.
To get an idea of ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
However, the Japanese would not budge. As several years passed the Japanese decided it would be
better to willingly open up trade with the Western world than to be forced. In 1858, the United
States and Japan signed their first commercial treaty, sometimes referred to as the Harris Treaty.
European countries soon followed after and Japan made its first visit to the United States to discuss
the treaty in 1860. Although they were reluctant to begin trading with the Western world, once it
started Japan became fully invested into modernization and technological reform. The
modernization lead to the weakening of the shogun, which restored the power to an emperor and
thus began the Meiji
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10. Screens During The Edo Period
The size of the screens produced during the Edo period varied greatly based on a patron's need.
Artisans would use the technique of wrapping strips of paper horizontally from the front of one
panel to the back of the next forming hinges... This process is repeated at least three times to
strengthen the hinges." This gave artists both more versatility and some possible complications,
since there artwork had to fill an entire screen taking into account the screen's folds. For patrons,
folding screens were convenient, since they could be transported easily whenever one traveled and
they took up little space when they needed to be stored. Originally, the screens could be up to eight
panels in order to fill large castles in Japan. On the low ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The genre of ukiyo–e, or pictures of the floating world, were meant to " tease the viewer by
evocations of beauty, sensuality, and poetic mood which betraying little or no deeply felt individual
emotion." This tradition represents a self–centered culture in the lower classes, and occasionally the
samurai class compared to the more stable virtuous world ruled by the shogun. Robert Singer
believes that this self–centered, entertainment fixed culture began from ancient agricultural rituals,
where performers would put on costumes to exorcise demons and bring good luck into a society.
These interactions allowed the community to create stronger ties to each other. Singer also states
that bordellos "were not merely places for men to purchase sexual satisfaction, though that was
undeniably their raison d'etre, but they became centers of sophisticated cultural life in their own
right." An individual could go to the red light district and discuss poetry while drinking tea in these
brothels, while someone played a shamisen in the background. This screens also served as a means
of escaping life through the representation of female beauty. A woman must be shown young, have
small feet, flawless features, and she should be "elegant in movement and in dress, her bearing
possessed both dignity and gentleness in the arts required of women, and was ignorant of nothing."
While Saikaku's description relates some of the more superficial values from the floating world
genre, this statement of idealized beauty demonstrates a need in society for these types of images. It
represents a necessity in society to create this art form, so one can withdrawal from daily
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12. Tokugawa Shogunate
Tokugawa Shogunate: Strengths and Weaknesses
Robert H. Webb
History 483
Professor John H. Sagers
6 August 2010
The death of emperor Hideyoshi and subsequent ascension to the throne of Hideyori in 1598 set into
motion events that would alter the political landscape in Japan for the next two hundred and fifty
years. Tokugawa Ieyasu, in his quest to become absolute ruler of Japan defeated Hideyori loyalists
in the battle of Sekigahara and was appointed Shogun by Hideyori in 1603. This military "coup
d'état" effectively gave Tokugawa complete control of Japan and reduced the emperor to little more
than a figurehead in the governing of Japan. As history would show, the feudal system of
government that Tokugawa created ultimately led to ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The primary beneficiaries of the emerging money economy were the merchants. Daimyo and
samurai traded their rice for money with the merchants who soon became very rich. Merchants,
cashing in on daimyo debt attained positions of authority within the daimyo households. Many were
living lavish lifestyles only dreamt of by samurai. This caused resentment in Japanese society
because, although they were socially inferior, merchants enjoyed an elevated status economically
(Kunihiko 1997). Perhaps the social class that suffered the most indignities was the samurai who,
lacking the means to earn a living on their regular income, indulged in the lifestyle of Edo. Many
had to resort to engaging in handicraft for income vice training at the martial arts thus leading to
inherent corruption (Nobumitsu 1997).
Ultimately, the Tokugawa shogunate wanted to maintain political and social stability in Japan. By
seizing power, Ieyasu was able to quell domestic unrest but another threat was still presented for
total control. Foreign influence proved to be a serious threat to stability within Japan. The initial
threat to Japan was presented by Christian missionaries. After an initial introduction to Christianity,
the shogunate conducted a purging and outlawed the religion. This led to a prolonged isolation of
Japanese society from Western influence. The shogunate wished to prevent daimyo from conspiring
with foreigners thus
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14. Tokugawa Ieyasue By Nobunaga Od The Unification Of Japan
Japanese unification started in the late 16th century by Nobunaga Oda and continued by Toyotomi
Hideyoshi. When Tokugawa Ieyasu took the power the 'unified Japan' was just at the beginning,
therefore, as the great strategist who was, his first aim was to centralise and increase power of the
shogunate in order to facilitate Tokugawa control throughout the country while at the same time
eliminate any potential threat. This obsession with order can be seen in any aspect of the Tokugawa
shogunate and therefore, besides society and politics, in foreign trades. However, the first century of
the Tokugawa period was not marked by isolation. In fact, after Toyotomi Hideyoshi's death and as
Tokugawa Ieyasu won over the western daimyo at the Battle of ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
This relocation was not only due to the stop of relations with Portuguese before settled in Nagasaki
but in particular due to a politic strategy of subtract power from regional daimyo. In fact, Hirado
was under the control of a regional daimyo while Nagasaki was under the direct control of the
bakufu and therefore more convenient to increase control and central power. In addition to this, it is
also important to say that the Japanese were interested in trading with Westerners, too. Therefore,
these restrictions were made with anything but a xenophobic intent just to eliminate any kind of
Western presence from Japan, but more precisely to preserve the control from a European aspect, the
religion, that represented a highly unsettling aspect in the making of it. In fact, by maintaining
trading with the Dutch they were able to know whatever was happening in Europe and in particular
to receive information and technologies unknown to Japan. An important example is the Rangaku
(literally 'Dutch learnings', but more in general Western learnings) that permitted the Japanese to
stay acquainted with Western technology and
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16. Ukiyo-E And Its Impact On Japanese Culture
The Edo era was the final period of traditional Japanese governing. This period, governed by
Tokugawa shoguns, propelled art and common folk in Japan into a new era. Ukiyo–e, a genre of
woodblock prints, is a japanese art form that came to be during this period. The invention of this
kind of woodblock print has it's own long and beautiful history in shaping the Japanese art and
culture, but it also has had a massive impact on western modern art history. As the described the
genre of ukiyo–e, we need to understand what it is and how it has impacted future artist.
Woodblocks were introduced to Japan in roughly, the 8th century by Buddhist missionaries, along
with paper making techniques. There is a genre of woodblock prints developed in the city of Edo
during what is called the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
During this time, Tokugawa shoguns have assumed power with the blessing of the emperor. What
used to be the wealthiest group in society, the merchants, were demoted and no longer were near the
top of the hierarchy; they landed among common townspeople. Artisans and merchants contributed
in making the culture of Edo flourish. Brothels, restaurants, and the kabuki theatres became highly
popular thanks to this new thriving form of art. The entertainment districts were culturally and
fiscally better off because of the Ukiyo–e. It also became more desirable place to be because of the
development of these genre works,5. In collaboration with artists and publishers, merchants and
townspeople were able to produce Ukiyo–e; art that depicted the hedonistic lifestyle in one of the
pleasure district. Ukiyo–e is also considered the genre of woodblock prints that "depicts the world of
the theater,
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18. Tokugawa Period Essay
The Tokugawa period also called the Edo Period is derived from the name of the ruling family in the
period the Tokugawa family. Under this regime Japan saw a long period of peace and order that
went on for almost two hundred and fifty years. This was a very incredible achievement taking into
account this was an era that was full of upsetting ordeals. The Sengoku Jidai or what is known as the
age of a nation at war was the Belligerent states era of Japan where there were many rival daimyos
that had their armies who fought one another to enable them have a massive jurisdiction of control
over the whole of Japan that was split into two hundred and sixty countries at the time. The
Belligerent States Period was adopted including many other things from the Chinese. Even this
word was ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
During the tenure of Tokugawa leyasu, the government changed from a devolved feudal government
to a military government that was in the form of bakufu. In this form of government there was the
maintenance of a controlled environment among the daimyos since their rivalry was a major factor
to the chaos that took place in the recently concluded Warring States Period. The main polices that
were used in the Tokugawa system of governance were influencing the daimoyo, taking control over
the imperial court, managing the foreign relationships, and sacralizing the legacy of Tokugawa.
From the Tokugawa Japan, it stated that the social and economic Backgrounds of the current Japan,
Tokugawa leyasu put more exertion so that he could control the daimyos and reduce them in their
numbers. There was a law adapted by this regime called the buke sho–hatto that were laws
concerning the military houses that regulated the daimyos immensely starting from how they gad to
repair their castles and ranging to ensuring that their wives and children stay in
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20. The Visible And Invisible In Edo Japan
The Visible and Invisible in Edo Japan The Edo period in Japan was the result of strict social control
and economic growth resulting in a burgeoning artistic scene. Art was a way of expressing the
feelings and desires that was denied by social norms imposed by an authoritarian government. As a
result, there was a clash of ideas that pushed artists to focus on subtle refinement of traditional styles
and the values therein. This sentiment not only applied to religious art, but to secular art forms as
well due to the wealthy patrons being a part of the systems that restricted society. However, this
restriction created a unique environment that birthed art and ideas that are unique to their time and
place as the lack of outside influences forced all to turn inwards for inspiration. Therefore, the
balance between the visible and the invisible is represented in the design of the art. The first artwork
is Pair of Phoenix Overdoor Panels (Ramma) which was designed in the 19th century during the
Edo period for a Buddhist temple. The elaborate wooden carving derives its aesthetics from the
ideas and symbolism that are attached to the phoenix. Being a mythical creature, the phoenix
brought over much of its symbolism from China when Buddhism was introduced to Japan during
the 7th century. This example is carved of wood that is lacquered and painted with metal accent
inlays. Buddhist temples of the time had architecture that resembled their Chinese counterparts, but
reinterpreted to
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22. The Military Events of the Meiji Restoration Essay
In this investigation I will look at the major historical and military events of the transition of the Edo
period to the Meiji Period and the Meiji Restoration and look at how they relate to the freedom of
Japanese people.
Japan during the periods of 1600 – 1868 A.D. was a land of seclusion, military power and
oppression. This was known as the Edo period. This however was one of the most peaceful times in
Japan's history. This peace was established through the military powers of the Tokugawa Shogunate.
This peace brought with it no real individual freedoms. The supposed ruler of Japan the emperor
was known as a du jure emperor, ruling by permission from the Tokugawa Shogunate. In 1868, the
Tokugawa shogun lost its power and the emperor ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The Black Ships (1853–56 A.D.)
During the rule of the Tokugawa Shogunate, there was a policy in place that cut ties with any other
countries. This policy was known as the Seclusion Policy. This policy limited the amount of trade
with other countries. This policy was still in place during the arrival of the Black Ships. The Black
Ships were a series of American gunships with the intent on establishing diplomatic and trade ties
between Japan and the United States of America. This was an invitation delivered from the president
of the United States, Millard Fillmore, through Commodore Matthew Perry. After Perry had
delivered the message from the president, the ships left and promised to return in one year's time.
This ultimatum intimidated Japan. This started a negotiation that ended the Seclusion policy. The
document known as the Harry Treaty, negotiated by the first U.S. consul, Townsend Harris, gave
special provisions over the other nations and started to end the Seclusion Policy. This treaty leads to
further oppression of the Japanese but not by their own government but the Western world. This will
be discussed later.
The Fall of the Tokugawa Shogunate (1867 A.D.)
This series of events began to undermine the Shogunate. The Japanese people began to have a
foreign influence that was intimidating. This intimidation was crucial as the people were scared of
the American forces that also returned a year later. This left
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24. The Moon Watching Blind Man Summary
Joseph Yamaguchi
Ancient Comedies
11/18/17
The Moon–viewing Blind Man, Easter and Western Thought
Are humans' animalistic savages or have we evolved long enough to have shed our animalistic
nature? Has society created separation between individuals so great that we have resorted to our
animalistic nature of fending for ourselves or has it always been there? Questions that make us
rethink our stance on who we really are. In philosophy, the animalist doctrine states that humans are
animals in their essential identity and are persons only through their contingent properties. This idea
affects man and makes us question our own existence and progress in our daily lives. This duality of
man, animal and human aspect such as compassion and thought. can be further extended to
Nietzsche idea of the Apollonian and Dionysian sides of man and the influence this idea had on the
development of modern philosophy pertaining to existentialism. This dichotomy of the multiple
sides of man would appear in the philosophical movement of Edo Neo–Confucianism, one of the
main philosophy of the later Azuchi–Momoyama period through the Edo period, as well as showing
a connection in both eastern and western philosophy. This idea of the dualism of man is shown in
the Kyogen "The Moon–viewing Blind Man" where the playwright displays this idea of man's
internal struggle between the Apollonian side in contrast to one's Dionysian side and how one can
digress to a primitive state when the eyes of
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26. Japanese Imperialism
Imperialism is the policy of extending the rule or authority of an empire or nation over foreign
countries, or of acquiring and holding colonies and dependencies. (macquarie, 2017)Japan incurred
incredible changes to many aspect of its society following the use of imperialistic forces used to
open its borders by the Americas in 1868 this is commonly known as the Meiji restoration or Meiji
period. The Americas changed many things but the most provenant was the Japanese government,
Its Military and the Education systems/ schools.
A great deal of traditional systems where changed during the Meiji restoration but the most
important was the Education and schools. The Tokugawa education cons tied of several main types
of schools such as the hank, terakoya, shoheiko and shijku. The hank mainly Educated the upper
class society about Confucianism. Terakoya were independent schools manly for lower class town
people (not for samurai). These schools where based in Buddhist temples. The okwagana period also
had an official schools of the shogun ate called– shoheiko, located in edo (Tokyo). The children of
the nation's leaders attended this cool and were educated by confusion scholars. All of this changed
from 1868 japan underwent a very sudden change to it education. Just 5 years into the Meiji
restoration the government issued the educated order of 1872: This formed the basis for modern
public school systems. Many tokugawa schools were transformed into the new system schools. This
was
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28. Influences Of The Meiji Era
Influences of the Meiji Era The Meiji Era was a move into modernism and a step towards western
changes. Japan, influenced by Western Powers, would go through an immense government shift,
which would potentially be the turning point to a new era of ideas. During this political shift,
literature would reflect criticisms and struggles of the people in this time. Also as this major change
takes place, the lifestyles of many are either improved or destroyed. Therefore the culture of the
Meiji Era during the years of 1868 to 1912 was shaped by its bureaucratic government while the
literature of Mori Ogai evinces its cultural connection. During the Meiji Era, to show Western
powers their strength and independence, Japan underwent many changes, one ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
A key ingredient to the abolition of feudalism was," By providing a new environment of political
and financial security, the government made possible investments in new industries and technology."
("The Meiji" par.11)These new industries would open up more jobs for citizens and would therefore
better their lives and increase the economies wealth. Another matter is that the new technology
would change how things were run, the old traditional ways would be replaced with more modern
solutions. Another major element to a new system of life was the railway,"...after the railway was
completed in the late 1880s [a journey between Edo and Kyoto] took less than one day. Moreover
the rail fare was less than a third of the cost of the trip by sedan chair." (Henshall 76)This big
improvement in transportation would mark the beginning of technology making the lives of
everyday citizens more easier and less expensive. By being able to go to such lengths for only a
short amount time and money, the people of Japan are extremely likely to go aboard the train and
that would in turn boost the economy once again. In addition to economical changes there were
clothing changes as well," Western dress became fashionable among progressives and in 1872
became compulsory for government officials (including on ceremonial occasions) and civil servants
such as
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30. Tokugawa Iemitsu Research Paper
History is an important aspect in the community as it assists people to understand the past and learn
about the growth and development of a civilization or an individual. Studying the historical events
gives an understanding of how this world came to be, including the different cultures of people and
the surroundings. For instance, Shogunate Japan was a significant historic event. This is because for
250 years, the Tokugawa period brought peace and order in Japan, it aided to enrich and preserve
Japan's culture as seen present today. Shoguns were Japan's military leaders who were given the title
by the emperors. For over 200 years, Japan was ruled by a series of Tokugawa shoguns, which
began in 1603 and ended in 1867. During the Tokugawa period, also known as The Edo period,
many cultures and traditions were developed. Men and women from all social classes engaged in the
traditional arts of music, painting, calligraphy and poetic forms called haiku. A famous individual
known for this period is Tokugawa Iemitsu. He was the third Shogun of the Tokugawa dynasty and
is well known for introducing the period of isolation in Japan. Tokugawa Iemitsu is an extremely
important individual as his legacy has influenced the beliefs and values of Japanese society. ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Moreover, the Tokugawa era was the final period of traditional Japan after it was overthrown and the
Meiji government took over. Tokugawa Iemitsu was born in Edo (Tokyo) on the twelfth of August
1604 into the shogun hierarchy. Iemitsu was confirmed shogun in 1623 when his father, Tokugawa
Hidetada, retired. As he is most known for the isolation policy, he did this because he didn't want the
Japanese culture to fade and be influenced by Europeans. Tokugawa Iemitsu has achieved many
significant accomplishments with this, which has influenced the Japanese
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32. The Edo Period: Isolationism In Japan
During the Edo period, for nearly 200 years, Japan has been under isolationism. They limited their
contact between outsiders; Japan had existed in a state of cultural isolation for such a long time. But
how has Japan become one of the world's most powerful countries, who has one of the strongest
economies in the world? In 1853, the Japanese had been prompted by Commodore Matthew Perry,
to open their doors to the rest of the world. After, the Japanese signed trading treaties with many
Western countries. They were in awed by the new ideas and technologies that reached Japan, which
had created impact on many levels of the Japanese society. The Japanese went by a motto "Western
sciences, Japanese essence." After opening their doors, Japan rapidly reinvigorated itself and quickly
grew into one of the wealthiest and most ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In the Edo period Christianity did not exist, Japan's religions consisted of Shinto, the harmony
nature, Confucianism, and Buddhism. The Edo period was also a time where there was a great
expansion in popular culture, this included the formation of novels, films, animated works and stage
plays. Haiku, a form of poetry, was also introduced during the Edo period. Honor was very
important in the Japanese culture, duty and honour were even more important than the laws.
Obedience to authority was also extensive, filial piety, was the faithfulness and devotion to your
parents, this concept was stressed by commoner schools. Japan's culture changed with the arrival of
Commodore Matthew Perry. As Japan's society became more open, they gained some influence of
other countries values and their beliefs. Their culture was somewhat more Westernized. Education
was based on traditional values and centered on developing respect for the emperor. Traditional
family patterns did not change either. Some Japanese behavior were outlawed to appease the
Westerners. Nevertheless, Japan stuck to their old
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34. Japanese Art : The Edo Period Of The Japanese Culture
The Edo Period
Portrait of an Arhat (Rakan) was created in Edo period of the Japanese art culture. This period
started in 1615–1868 when culture expression started to really blossom for the Japanese culture
(Singer). From statues, lavish paintings, and religion the art speaks vibrant vibrations. This
culturally diverse period gets its name from the city of Edo, known as Tokyo modern day. Which
became the headquarters of the government when Tokugawa Ieyasu (1542 – 1616) unified the
country (Department of Asian Art). The Tokugawa regime was started in 1603, when the emperor, in
"recognition of Ieyasu's supremacy on the battlefield", appointed him shogun. Shogun is the highest
military position you can carry in Japan (Singer). After this Japan had strict laws on not using motor
vehicles were put into place. Going into the 1630s, contact with the outside world was stopped
through "official prohibition of foreigners" (Department of Asian Art). Around 1720 Edo had a
population of "more than one million residents having more population than London or Paris at the
time" (Singer). According to Art of Edo Japan Kyoto, was city of temples and shrines. It was the
leading center of arts and crafts production with a population of close to 400,000 (Singer).
Tokugawa had centralized government with 450 daimyo put into a place. He required them to meet
in Edo every other year, having a residency for at least one year. The families of the daimyo also had
to stay as hostages, so they could
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36. The Influence Of The Tokugawa Period In Japan
The Tokugawa period in Japan, otherwise known as the Edo period (1603–1867) was the final era of
traditional Japan (Britannica School 2015). Ieyasu Tokugawa united Japan, preventing Japan from
going into chaos. The Meiji Restoration period (1868–1912) consisted the return of full emperor
control and the birth of major political, economic and social change. During the Tokugawa period
Japan went through large economical change through the harvesting of agriculture to the production
of various items, all achieved through peace. From 1603– 1867 Japan was fulfilled with a 250–year
war–free country and isolation, only prior before the country was scattered into many different
rulers. United into one ruler, Tokugawa Ieyasu, during the Tokugawa period
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38. Tokugawa Leyasu: A Powerful Person In Japan
Tokugawa leyasu was born 1543.When leyasu .When leyasu 4 year old, he got the education
suitable for a nobleman. In 1605 he received the title of shogun from Emperor Go–Yōzei. After
being shogun few years he created the Tokugawa shogunate, which ushered in the Edo period, and
was the third Shogunal government. In 1609 leyasu chose to distance Japan from European
influence. Few year later leyasu died at age 73 , his tomb was in a pubic place ,people can worship
him in there. We can see leyasu was a powerful person in japan. Leyasu allied himself with the
powerful forces of Oda Nobunaga, expanding his land holdings via a successful attack on the Hojo
family to the east. After Nobunaga died, Leyasu acquired more territory, and allied with Nobunaga's
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40. Ukiyo-E Research Paper
The name of the art form, ukiyo–e, translates to "paintings of the floating world". They are Japanese
woodblock prints that flourished during the Edo Period (1603 – 1867) and depicted subjects
associated with impermanence and detachment from ordinary life. Among these subjects were the
popular geisha, sumo, and kabuki actors set in this after–hours world. Later, painted scenes from
nature became a subject matter for artists.
The themes in ukiyo–e focused on fleeting beauty and evanescent worlds; it was an escape from the
boring and mundane world of responsibilities in everyday life. At first, Ukiyo–e artworks were all
monochromatic and printed in black ink only. However, Suzuki Harunobu developed polychrome
printing by the 18th century.
Ukiyo–e art was originally intended for the lower class as it was very ... Show more content on
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At the same time, it expanded to reflect modern tastes and innovations over its development. The
result was an art that was both populist and highly sophisticated. Ukiyo–e presented both the
historical and all that was current, elegant, contemporary, and popular. The ordinary was
transformed into the extraordinary in the hands of the artist.
Each image was created through a collaboration of four skilled individuals: the artist who designed
the works and drew them in ink, the carver who carved the designs into a woodblock, the printer
who applied pigments to the woodblock and printed each color on handmade paper, and the
publisher who coordinated the efforts of the artists and marketed the artworks. In spite of this
collaborative effort, only the artist and publisher were almost always accredited.
Midway through the 18th century, new techniques were created to allow the full color printing and
ukiyo–e we see today on calendars and postcards. Some of the most famous artists during this
period were Utamaro, Hokusai, Sharaku, and
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...

42. How Did The Tokugawa Culture Influence The Culture Of Japan?
The time from 1600 to 1868 is known as the Tokugawa period in Japanese history, this was a period
of time where Japan experienced peace and stability. The Tokugawa period was a time in history
where elite and distinctive government order ruled the Japanese people. The elite and distinctive
government order was founded and formed in 1603 by a shogunate named Tokugawa Ieyasu.
Tokugawa and a long line of his family ancestors formed and control a distinctive and efficient
military Government System. The military Government system ruled and controlled the Japanese
people for over 200 years. The Government's system of orders had leaders and groups that were well
respected among the Japanese. Therefore, the Japanese culture formed a homogenous culture that
created a strong bond of nation identity to their country. The Tokugawa laws were created in regards
to their respected Japanese identity and culture while also keeping control over the domestic and
foreign affairs. In the early 16th–century the people among Japan's community of Kyushu broke out
into a major conflict. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The domains were great Lords of the Samarian class. The Domains were known as the Daimyo's.
The Domain Lords were placed into three class divisions and given responsibilities depending on
the relationships the Lords form with the Tokugawa family heritage. The Shinpan division Lords
maintains the highest authority and had a bloodline connection of the Tokugawa family. The
Shinpan Domain Lords maintain the Tokugawa Heritage. The Fundi division of lords that remained
loyal and supportive to the Tokugawa family. The Fundi Domain Lords the great commanders the
military and the Lords protected and rule the prominent cities in Japan. The Tozama Lords Division
we're not seen as loyal boards to the Tokugawa family and was given the responsibilities to protect
and rule the outskirts of
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44. The Fall Of The Three Great Unifiers Of Japan
Neville, EdwinIntroduction
Tokugawa Ieyasu was one of the three great unifiers of Japan, but was different in the way he
actually succeeded. Oda Nobunaga had the mentality to crush anybody in his way of his goal,
Hideyoshi had much too great ambitions, but Ieyasu was reserved and cautious which lead to his
success. His belief that the use of politics was just as important if not more important than war to
unify the realm perpetually was his key to doing just that. His careful thinking and strategy lead him
to be the last great unifier of Japan. The People
One of the greatest ideas Ieyasu had for a stable state of governance was to be on the side of those
being governed. This kind of thinking made him lower the tax, along with abusive tax collectors. He
also punished those that abused tax collections and set regulations upon them to decrease unfair tax
administration. The people tended to migrate into areas more directly controlled by Ieyasu 's
government. By gaining the favour of the masses he minimized rebellion, along with his following
Hideyoshi in the way of taking weapons away from commoners. Along with reducing and regulating
tax collection, Tokugawa Ieyasu gave certain rights to religious groups. Ieyasu believed that religion
was an important part of governance, he ensured Buddhist temples, Shinto shrines, and other sacred
grounds were protected, to those that accepted his rule. In order to have the religious groups on his
side he also made religious
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46. How The Edo Period Affected Western Art
Kento Kariya
Art 204
Paper 2
11/30/14
Japanese art in the Edo period and the effects on western art
In this essay I will talk about Japanese art mainly in the Edo period and it's development and what
influenced it and how these art pieces affected the western art.
Before we start talking about the edo period let's look at the period before it, the Azuchi–
Momoyama Period. Azuchi–Momoyama period started Oda Nobunaga captures the capture Kyoto
and kicks out the previous rules the Ashikaga shogunate in 1573. Using his power and new
technology of the Arquebus which is early muzzle–loaded firearms that came in from portugal he
can very close to complete rule over Japan when he was attack by one of his own generals, ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The chonin were more educated the the people from prior periods because of peace and economic
stability made parents to focus on education their children. The increase in education made it so that
they can enjoy art better and helped art become more popular.
Ukiyo–e (woodblock painting) became popular in the late 17th century because the increase in
demand do to the chonin class and with the technology to paint they were able to mass produce art
pieces. One of the most famous one of these that many people have probably seen before is "The
Great Wave off Kanagawa" by Katsushika Hokusai. This piece is the first of Hokusai's series
Thirty–six Views of Mount Fuji and his most well known and recognized art work in the world. It is
a picture of boats going up against a huge wave with Mount Fuji in the
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...

48. The Impact Of The Edo Period In Japan
The Edo period in Japan lasted from 1603 to 1867, and it is associated with peace and prosperity, as
well as increasing urbanization and the rise of a new merchant class (Yonemoto n.p.). During the
15th and 16th centuries, Japan was consumed by chaos and lawlessness due to the constant military
conflicts and political intrigue of the Sengoku (Warring States) period (Ebisawa n.p.). Oda
Nobunaga who was a prominent military and political leader of the Sengoku period was the first to
undertake efforts towards uniting Japan and created a foundation for establishing a prolonged period
of peace. He succeeded in subduing all the lands of central Japan and carrying out a series of
revolutionary reforms, such as liquidation of internal customs, opening of free trade markets, and
compilation of land cadaster (Ebiwasa n.p.). The main goal of Nobunaga's reforms was the
development of foreign and domestic trade, as well as undermining the ... Show more content on
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Incredibly high taxes and repression against Christians combined with crop failures and famine led
to the Shimabar Rebellion. The rebellion broke out on December 17, 1637 and quickly spread from
Kyushu Island to Amakusa Island (Mason 152). The shogunate government gathered a massive
120–thousand army against which rebels stood no chance (Mason 153). The Shimabar Rebellion
and its Christian origins gave the reason for implementing the self–isolation policy (Steenburgh
n.p.). Its suppression played a major role in determining Japan's foreign policy for the next two
centuries. The authorities not only completely banned Christianity, but also closed Japan for any
foreigners. Isolationism might have been one of the best possible ways to bring order to a country
which had suffered from turmoil and civil strife for
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50. Culture Changes During The Edo Period
Culture Changes during the Edo Period
The Edo Period in Japan (1600–1868) was ruled by Shogun Tokugawa Ieyasu who was appointed
by the Emperor. During this time, many changes happened to promote stability among the people
and Japan. Early The Shogun adoptive a system which was later called Neo–Confucianism based on
Confucianism (From China). This system stressed the importance of morals, education and
hierarchical order in the government and society (Japan Guide.com).The Shogun needed to create
peace and by using segregation, there were four types of divisions during the Edo period. First at the
top was the Shogun and Samurai, they created structure and peace among the domains. Second in
line was the peasants because without them the most important need would not be filled which was
food. Artisans were third in line being they added some value for the reason that they produced
goods like swords for the Samurai, artwork, music, and painting/printing. Last on the list of
importance was the merchants. Merchants made money off people and therefor held no value to the
Shogun. Due to a closed door policy that was enforced by the Shogun hardly anything came into
Japan without permission during the Edo period. The Shogun also limited trade with other Western
Nations and prevented Japan from trading. For over 200 years Japan has little to do with trade
outside with the exception of a Dutch post in Nagasaki and maintaining relations with China and a
post in Pusan where
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52. How Did Oda Nobunaga's Contribution To The Reunification...
From the mid–fifteenth to the late sixteenth century, Japan was in a period of warring states. Oda
Nobunaga, a prominent warlord was the first to begin the reunification of Japan. He was a man who
had no qualms about killing his enemies. In one of his letters, he boasted about his executions. In
one town, Nobunaga's men "took as many as one and a half thousand heads, and in the envious we
took in all two thousand more" (Theodore de Bary 448). Despite his violet nature, Nobunaga was
also economically conscious. During his campaign, he abolished toll barriers as they hindered
commerce and encouraged free markets (Butler 312). After his assassination, Toyotomi Hideyoshi
picked up the torch and continued to unite country. He created an early version of the class system
separating the farmers from the warriors, and it was enforced through a sword hunt. Farmers were
prevented from owning weapons such as swords and guns. The sword hunt also served as a method
to reduce villager rebellions and to freeze movement between social classes (Butler 313). After
Hideyoshi's death, there was a battle for power between daimyo supporting Hideyoshi's heir and
those taking control for themselves. Tokugawa Ieyasu was successful in becoming the new ... Show
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Those related to the Tokugawa family, Family Lords, and ancestors of loyal vassals, Inner Lords,
were given land around Edo and placed between Outer Lords, ancestors who became vassals after
the Battle of Sekigahara (Pitelka 36). By pushing his enemies further from his base in Edo, Ieyasu
assured protection from an enemy assault. Even if his enemies wanted to overthrow him, they would
have to cross through the territories of his allies. This demonstrated that Ieyasu was a strategic man
as he rewarded questionable allies, but he also kept them at arm's length. Even though the shogun
had authority over the domains, he lacked central
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54. Five Women Who Loved Love By Ihara Saikaku
About The Author
A famous Japanese writer Ihara Saikaku, born in 1642, was a son of a wealthy merchant in Osaka.
He had a wife and three kids, one of which was blind and in addition to taking care of his family, he
learned to write haikai poetry and comics at a young age. Since his wife died at a young age, he
became adventurous as "he traveled extensively writing about the various parts of the country"
(Rollins, para.4). One of his first novels is called Koshoku Ichidai Otoko in 1682, which led to
Saikaku becoming the first Japanese writer able to reflect the life of the modern city Japan and how
he supported equality.
Saikaku's Famous Novel
In 1686, Ihara Saikaku published a book named Five Women Who Loved Love and shares the
stories of five different women whose desire for love were considered unorthodox. The five women
who are featured in the novel are Onatsu, Osen, Osan, Oshichi, and Oman. These were average folks
who were so adamant to find love and pleasure. Onatsu, who as a young sixteen–year–old was
shrewd when it came to love; Osen, a married woman accused of betrayal to her husband; Osan, a
Kyoto native with a beauty one could not resist found herself sleeping in the wrong bed with a man
she loved; Oshichi, a brave woman who would do anything to find her one true samurai love; and
lastly Oman, a woman who found it challenging to earn the affection from her lover after being
surrounded by several handsome boys.
Merchant and Samurai Class
The novel is based
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56. The Edo Period of Japan Influenced the Design of Video Games
The document will examine an Art period which has influenced the appearance and design of video
games. This will include the topic of the Edo period of Japan and how it affected generations of
artists to the modern day.
The Edo period set in the era of 1603–1867 was commonly known as the Tokugawa Period, this was
when the Japanese society was ruled by Tokugawa Shogunate and the country's 300 regional
Daimyo, which at the time were powerful territorial lords who rules most of Japan which then was
contained under strict social order, economic growth and prohibited foreign contact with outside
countries. Many of japans historical artists would usually create illustrations on large scrolls of
paper which are called 'Emakimono'. Paint ceramics, calligraphy on silk or paper, use ink wash to
paint vast landscapes. The most popular art form was ukiyo–e.
Tawaraya Sotatsu popularized the 'Tarashikomi' style of painting meaning "Dripping in" which
means applying a second layer of paint before the first is dry, it was mainly used for creating fine
detail on water surfaces or flowers.
(Wind God and Thunder God) (17th century) (Koetsu) And (Sotatsu, The Deer) Left image
(Sotatsu, Peonies and Lilies) (1568–16–15) right image
Sotatsu uses the Tarashikomi technique daintly and effectively as you can see
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58. Edo Period Research Paper
There was once a time in Japan called the Edo period – this was a period where Japan was ruled
under the Tokugawa Shogunates, a feudal military government. Japan had a stable population, and a
popular enjoyment of art and culture. However, they had an uncompromising policy prohibiting any
foreign contact, ultimately making it completely isolated from the western world. There was also a
strict social order, where everyone knew their status. Emperors and high nobilities had invulnerable
prestige, but were weak in power. The shogun and daimyō, on the other hand, were very powerful
due to their relation to the Tokugawa. This period began in 1603 and ended in 1868, when
Tokugawa Yoshinobu resigned – this was the beginning of the Meiji Restoration, the name meaning
the restoration of power to emperors. Meiji Tennō (personal name Mutsuhito) was born on
November 3, 1852, in Kyoto, Japan. His father was Emperor Kōmei, the 121st emperor, therefore
making Meiji the heir to the throne. Meiji grew up during the Edo period and, along with the group
that overthrew the Tokugawa's, wanted to create a modernised nation with a strong economic
system, as Japan was too isolated and did not participate in international power politics. At the time
he began to reign (1862), which was when he was only fifteen years old, the Edo period ... Show
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He noted the geography, general conditions, people and climate. He then travelled by ship to Osaka,
Hyogo, Shomonoseki, Nagasaki, Kagoshima, Hakodate, Niigata, and to every other cities and towns
on the coasts. This travel around the coasts of Japan would help Emperor Meiji construct a better
plan for welfare for the entire nation. However, some villages were ignorant of Emperor Meiji's
kindhearted intentions, therefore his persuasions were not entirely
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60. Who Is Joseon Equitable?
In actuality of Joseon, Ming line started to break down, and Toyotomi's legislature was supplanted.
Ming was experienced in financial decrease and defied its legislature, and it was felled by Manchus
in 1644. Manchu built up China's last supreme government state, Cheong. Toyotomi's successor,
Tokugawa Ieyasu moved cash flow to Edo, present–day Tokyo and Edo period began (Chung, Chul–
heon 31). Tokugawa proposed restoring strategic relations with Joseon in 1607. Two nations traded
agent until Meiji Restoration occurred. Joseon dispatched discretionary mission, which was known
as Tongsinsa. Tongsinsa was comprised of around 500 individuals, including negotiators, painter,
potter, and specialists. Japanese could take in Joseon's innovation by this ... Show more content on
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This idea gives the connection between reason attempting to comprehend universal governmental
issues and the truths to be used. It sets governmental issues as a self–sufficient circle of activity and
sight separated from different spheres. For example, financial matters comprehended as far as
interest characterized as riches, morals, feelings, or religion. In the Imjin War, the struggle between
the different nations for the resources from the river and setup of the different countries facilitated
the escalation of the hostility and battle due to realism and interest enhanced by force. Without such
an idea, a hypothesis of governmental issues worldwide or local would be inside of respective
nations. Without the same hostility and struggle, we could not recognize political and non–political
actualities, nor might we be able to bring no less than a measure of deliberate request to the political
circle. We expect that political leaders think and act as far as the interest of people is concerned
without use of force as supported by the proof of history as it bears the supposition. That suspicion
permits us to follow and expect, so to speak, the strides a political leader – past, present, or future–
has taken or will tackle in the political scene. The above lacked in the Imjin War, as was depicted by
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62. The Taming Of Samurai Summary
Eiko Ikegami is an academic writer who focuses on comparative historical sociology, specificially
that of Japanese society. Her book, "The Taming of Samurai", explains us the underlying basis
behind Japanese organisational structure using the history of the samurai and Tokugawa state
formation. This book also demonstrates how such a risky imperious approach of enforcing a more
hierarchical structure to the population, especially samurai, would be quite a solution for the
setbacks that Tokugawa shogunate had faced to impose its honorific authority and a process that
developed Japan's organisational culture instead.
Ikegami starts by summarising the background to the Battle of Sekigahara. She also adds that the
decisive battle is not merely a battle that marked the unofficial beginning of Tokugawa clan's reign
because it is essential to note events prior to Tokugawa period, including Battle of Sekigahara, as
phenomena of "survival of the fittest" amongst the daimyō during Japanese medieval period. In
addition to that, Ikegami emphasises in her writing that by eliminating the opposing parties, the
Tokugawa ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
But it is worth mentioning that all of this changes were also propelled to protect Japan from the
foreigners. Therefore, to some people, this book seems to self–orientalise how Japan could only
achieve its modernity in its own unique way which might have appeared to be improbable to other
countries facing the same challenges at that period of time. But if we account the history, we can
notice that there were also external factors playing a part that forced them to impose a strict social
order either nationally or internationally. One of the approach they had taken to achieve this was the
Closed Country Edict of
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64. How Did The Edo Period Impact The Tokugawa Period
How did the Tokugawa Period impact the people of Japan?
The Tokugawa period or otherwise known as the Edo period has been recognised as an extremely
significant aspect of Japanese history and left history changing effects on the country. In this essay,
five primary aspects of the Edo period, which has helped produce present day Japan and had greatly
impacted on the nation during this period will be addressed:
Politics, Social structure,The Samurai, Relations with the West and Culture.
Politics:
Tokugawa rulers during the 17th century greatly improved a multitude of separate political aspects
and as a result, positively impacted the nation and citizens. A primary example of this is Tokugawa's
establishment of the capital at Edo which in present day Japan is called the iconic Tokyo.
Additionally, he established a strong central government, along with his shoguns imposing an era of
unity, stability, and peace in Japan. The shoguns closely monitored and controlled the local daimyo
possessed a relative amount of power but remained to be tested for their loyalty and kept under
control by the shoguns who restricted their family and eventually became hostages. The daimyo was
required to maintain two residences in an attempt to prevent rebellion because of this wasting factor
which prohibited them as they had minuscule amounts of time to construct a powerful army due to
constantly needing to defend two residences. The Tokugawa period was an era of peace, stability,
and
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66. Sakoku, or the National Seclusion of Japan
Sakoku, or the national seclusion, of Japan by the Tokugawa Iemitsu in the 1630s was one of the
most important periods in Japanese history. Many people perceived that Japan became uniquely
unique because of the Sakoku. However, during the Sakoku, Japan was not complete sealed off from
foreign influences and trades. The national seclusion of Japan is believed by some people that there
is only limited trade with the Dutch and Chinese in Nagasaki. According to Oxford Art Online
during the Edo period, the Bay of Nagasaki is "the only port open to overseas trade" (Bonnie),
which was not true. During the Sakoku, Japan was not restricted to only the bay in Nagasaki, but
Japan had total of four designated places that allowed foreign contacts. Before the detail of the four
areas of foreign relations during the Sakoku period, the reasons for the Sakoku need to be explained.
The widespread of Christianity in Japan started because of Oda Nobunaga encouraged missionaries
to convert many Japanese to Christians because he wanted to reduce the influence of Buddhist
monasteries. However, his successors did not share the same view. Hideyoshi felt threaten by
Christians, especially the Catholics because of several reasons. One of these reasons was that the
Spaniards conquered the islands of Philippines (Watts). Another reason is that Hideyoshi felt
threaten with the concept of foreign ruler that many Catholics recognized, the Catholic Pope. The
tension finally escalated when Hideyoshi
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68. Analysis Of Radha Krishna 's ' Lovers Under A Futon ' By...
Romantic love remains one of the most importance themes in virtually all cultures' art; in Japanese
and Indian art, although with different historical contexts and therefore interpretations, continues to
be no exception. Kitigawa Utamaro prevailed as one of the most important artists under the ukiyo–e
genres, focusing on the beauty of women in the hedonistic and rigidly organized Tokugawa period
as it enjoyed stability the island yearned for. Of an unknown artist of the Rajasthani school in
neighboring Madhya Pradesh, foreign powers from the Mughal Empire to the Portuguese slowly
encroached in India, yet managed to maintain its traditions in Radha Krishna in its epic romance in
Jayadeva's Gita Govinda. In Utamaro's "Lovers under a Futon" ... Show more content on
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The print portrays a man and a woman under a futon, assumedly intimately. The soft colors of pink
and green of their clothes and of the mattress on them further affirm the softness of the piece; they
are lovers. Although the man's attire contrasts with that of the woman, it is difficult to discern where
their bodies apart. Just like how the futon is both green and pink like the man and woman's robes
respectively, the piece is supposed to indicate a romantic union between the two. The patterns on the
futon and robe help add dimension to the print, which would later be reprinted for the consumption
of the merchant class in the Tokugawa period. It is particularly important to note how Utamaro
portrays the woman; women by Utamaro not only had an idealized form with slender features, but
she barely resembles the common woman of the period with her impossible proportions. In direct
contrast with the realism movement and their aspiration in portraying people the way they truly are,
Utamaro's depiction of women and romance are dreamily hedonistic just like many Vogue editorials.
"Lovers under a Futon" is truly romantic, with a sense of equality between the two people; she is not
there to serve him or vice versa. Instead, the couple is both enjoying
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70. Ukiyo E Influence On Society
For over 250 years, Japan was under a strict military dictatorship, oppressing the social classes of
their freedom to explore literature and the arts. However, from the 1670s through 1865 was the
Tokugawa period, also known as the Edo period, where Japan was guided to internal peace and
economic growth (The Editors of Encyclopædia Britannica). Not only had Japan found stability in
the Edo period, creativity flourished from the lower class of artisans and merchants through the
exploration of ukiyo–e printmaking. The term, ukiyo–e, is a combination of uki (floating), yo
(world), and e (pictures) that originated as a Buddhist term to express impermanence of human life.
Ukiyo–e was experimented and developed to become a popular art form that displayed ... Show
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Through continuous practice, a strict process had to be followed as they learned a repertoire of signs
and skills of brush handling in order to preserve the Japanese tradition, and understand how to
correctly use the materials. The manner of handling the brush was everything; appreciating the
application of strong and sharp strokes on the paper appealed to artists who understood the language
of brushwork (54, Hillier). Katsushika Hokusai, a Japanese printmaker and creator of world–famous
images, guided his students through the essential aspects of artist training by putting together an
instruction book that would help them master skills and dexterity (Kozbelt, Aaron, and Yana
Durmysheva). Throughout the Edo period, techniques and methods were experimented and refined,
which led to the traditions of Japanese ukiyo–e printing. The transition from a simple
monochromatic image to a polychrome picture developed through the printing techniques (Kozbelt,
Aaron, and Yana Durmysheva). Different types of methods with block printing utilized carved
wooden blocks of the desired picture or text as printing
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72. The Period Of The Edo Era
During the Tokugawa era Noh continued to be an aristocratic art form supported by the shogun, the
feudal aristocrats or daimyo, as well as several wealthy and more sophisticated commoners. While
kabuki and joruri, popular to the middle class, focused on new and experimental entertainment, Noh
strived to preserve its established high standards and historic authenticity and remained mostly
unchanged throughout the era. To capture the essence of performances given by great masters, every
detail in movements and positions is reproduced by others, generally resulting in an increasingly
slow, ceremonial tempo.
The fall of the Tokugawa shogunate in 1868 and the formation of a new government resulted in the
end of financial support for Noh, and the entire field experienced major, financial crisis. Shortly
after the Meiji Restoration, both the number of Noh performers and Noh stages greatly diminished
for some time.
The support from the imperial government was eventually regained due to Noh 's appeal to foreign
diplomats. The companies that remained active throughout the Meiji era also significantly
broadened Noh 's reach by catering to the public, performing at theatres in major cities such as
Tokyo and Osaka. Spreading the knowledge about Noh and gathering knowledge from other types
of drama. (Japan)
In 1957 the Japanese Government designated nōgaku as an Important Intangible Cultural Property,
which affords a degree of legal protection to the tradition as well as its most
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74. Advantages And Disadvantages Of Kabuki
Kabuki, a type of Japanese performance, was an art form that became incredibly popular during the
Edo Period. Ignoring the audiences' profound love for Kabuki, the Japanese government installed
countless regulations with the sole purpose of constraining the art. Despite the Japanese
government's clear distaste for Kabuki, Kabuki still managed to thrive and shape traditional
Japanese society during the Edo Period. Kabuki was an elaborately detailed, carefully executed art
that thrilled its audiences. Kabuki originated in the early 1600s and was created by a dancer named
Okuni. Okuni brought together a group of travelling actors that sung and danced. This gathering of
all female performers gained popularity as it was "designed for the tastes ... Show more content on
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The government restricted Kabuki's art in countless different ways and even interfered in their
interaction with fans which no doubt would have increased their popularity. Kabuki also began as a
travelling small group of actors, then later progressed into renting out theaters (Britannica Kabuki
2017). One of the most hindering disadvantages of Kabuki was its consistent location throughout
every city: the Floating World. The Floating World was the most undesirable part of Japanese cities
and had the rowdiest customers. Jonathan Leonard, in his book Early Japan, says that: "The
townsfolk demanded lusty pleasures. These they found in what was called the Floating World of
restaurants and theaters, prostitutes and bath–girls, wrestlers, singers, and dancers" (Leonard 1968,
168). The Floating World was a sort of underground "red light" district run and occupied by the
lower classes. This resulted in the audiences of Kabuki performances turning out to belong to those
lower classes. (analyze that? What does it mean?))) This unfortunate location of Kabuki invoked a
strong dislike towards it from the government and upper classes. No matter how talented and
beautiful the art of Kabuki was, its reputation was always tainted with how it was surrounded by
lower class businesses and located in the least desirable areas of the
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76. The Tokugawa Shogunate: The Impact Of Western Influence On...
The Tokugawa shogunate was a transition period in which Japan began to modernize and began
trading due to the arrival of Commodore Perry. Society during this period was based on strict class
hierarchy with tight restrictions for social mobility. With urbanization, came an increase reliance on
markets and merchants for funds which increased the need and want for trade with the Western
nations. The images displayed in chapter two show the progress of events and how the Western
nation influenced Japan. It begins with images of how the Japanese viewed the world, moving on
towards the arrival of Commodore Perry, to the modernization of the port cities where a lot of trade
occurred, to the beheading of the domain lord by anti–foreign Japanese citizens, ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
With European influences they were able to produce a more accurate map of the world, which
allowed them to gain knowledge and a good understanding of the surrounding countries. A map
reflecting that knowledge during 1853 is depicted in this chapter . Although it is not as meticulous as
maps are today, there is a great deal of knowledge for this time period. Along with maps, the
Japanese were introduced to newspapers by the Western nations. They were then featured on an
English newspaper where the Japanese culture was introduced to the foreign community . This was
an influential import and made a huge impact on the Japanese community. There is a mixture of
both drawn and photographed images within this chapter. Japanese artists mainly produced images
that are printed or hand drawn, while western artists produced the photographed images. The chapter
overall includes both a mixture of Japanese and western artists. The images within the chapter
portray the viewpoint of the artist who was present at the time of the
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